Post about national parks. National parks and reserves of Russia

table especially protected natural areas of the world contains background information: protected areas and objects included in them belonging to various countries, such as nature reserves, national parks and reserves.

	Protected areas of the world	Protected objects
	Astrakhan Nature Reserve	Volga delta, lotus, salvinia, chili, waterfowl and wading birds
	Barguzinsky Reserve	Shore of Lake Baikal, mountain taiga fauna, Baikal seal
	Reserve Galichya Gora	Areas of relict vegetation on limestones
	Ilmensky Reserve	Mineralogical reserve in nature
	Kronodsky Reserve	Volcanoes, geysers. Snow sheep, sable, Steller's sea eagle. Rookery of sea lions. Salmon spawning grounds.
	Sikhote-Alin Reserve	Mountain forests, tiger, spotted deer
	Reserve Stolby (spurs of the Eastern Sayan)	Granite rocks, up to 100m high
	Reserve Manych-Gudilo	Places of concentration for nesting (bustard, little bustard) and during the passage of waterfowl
	Reserve Buzuluksky Bor	Relic and tape pine forests, Zavolzhye
Belarus	Reserve Belovezhskaya Pushcha	Broad-leaved forests, pine forests, bison
Bulgaria	Vitosha National Park	Mountain range, coniferous and broad-leaved forests, endemic plants, 114 bird species
	Bükk National Park	Limestone mountain range with karst phenomena
Ireland	Monument of nature Laka-gigar	Lava fields, Lucky volcano
	Ein Gedi Reserve	An oasis of unique flora on the shores of the Dead Sea
	Reserve Motichur	Foothills of the Himalayas. Elephant, tiger, leopard, porcupine
	Gir Forest National Park	The Kathiyawar Peninsula, the world's only habitat for the Asiatic lion
Indonesia	Balyuran National Park	Bali seashore, extinct volcano, mangroves, coral reefs
	Virunga National Park	Rwenzori crystalline massif. Vegetation from equatorial forests to alpine meadows. Gorillas, hippos, elephants, warts
	Salonga National Park	Forest fauna, endemic pygmy chimpanzee, pygmy elephant, pygmy buffalo.
	Namib National Park	Desert, deep canyons. Vilvichia amazing
Tanzania	Serengeti national park	Rivers of the Lake Victoria Basin, gallery forests, unique concentrations of migratory herbivores and exceptional predator abundance
Tanzania	Ngorongoro Reserve	Volcano crater, mountain rainforests, local Mosai tribes allowed economic activities
	Cabarego National Park	Victoria Falls - Nile, 350 bird species, Nile crocodile, lion, chimpanzee, rhinoceros
	Kruger National Park	Large variety of Proteidae, rich fauna, elephant, hippopotamus, antelope
North America, Canada	Wood-Buffalo National Park	Bison and American crane habitat protected area, black bear caribou
	Grand Canyon National Park	The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is 350 km long and 1.5 km deep
	Yose National Park - Mitsky	Western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, giant sequoia grows
	Grade Smoky Mountains National Park	Appalachian site, tulip tree, 50 mammal species, 200 bird species, 77 reptile species
	Carlsbath Caverns National Park	One of the world's largest cave systems with millions of bats
	Everglades National Park	Subtropical vegetation, mangroves, alligator, American crocodile, Florida cougar
South America	Colorado National Monument	Bizarre formations - the result of weathering sandstones
Argentina	Iguazu National Park	Waterfall, flora has 2000 species of higher plants, rare animals
Argentina	Nahuel National Park - Huapi	Eastern slopes of the Andes, glacial landscape, lakes, beech forests with orchids, a variety of hummingbird species
	Galapagos National Park	Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, more than 200 species of endemic plants, unique species of fauna, giant tortoise, iguana
Australia	Lakes National Park	Lakes, sand dunes, eucalyptus, possum, koala, kangaroo, ground parrot
Australia	King Lake National Park	Waterfalls, forests (eucalyptus, orchids, ferns), platypus, wombat, 100 bird species

Northwestern Federal District >>> National parks and reserves

National parks are beautiful places of nature. Their beauty and diversity attract thousands of visitors every year. Cognitive recreation in the bosom of nature and tourism enable people who are tired of the hustle and bustle of city life to enjoy communicating with nature, improve their health and restore their strength, broaden their horizons, get acquainted with history and culture, the characteristics of local flora and fauna. Rest in national parks teaches respect for the environment.

Welcome to National parks Northwestern Federal District!

"Curonian Spit"

The national park was founded in 1987 in the Kaliningrad region in order to preserve the unique natural complexes of the Curonian Spit. The park, with an area of 6.9 thousand hectares, includes the southern part of the Curonian Spit, which separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea.

Today, the Curonian Spit attracts 8,000 tourists every day. There are many interesting things here! Picturesque expanses and changing landscapes will not leave you indifferent. The same can be said about the voices of countless birds of different species, and about the aroma of pine forests and the fresh, invigorating sea breeze. There are 900 species of plants growing in this area. In the forest you can see moose, roe deer, foxes and wild boars. About a hundred species of birds nest on the Curonian Spit, and millions of migratory birds pass through it. You will be lucky enough to see colonies of herons and other rare birds.

Imagine sand dunes 50 meters high! Sky and sand all around you. The spectacle is unforgettable! The reserve has a sea beach with a protective beach dune wall (an artificial structure 50-150 m wide that holds the dunes together), dune plains and a dune ridge (width 300-500 m, average height 20-40 m, sometimes up to 60 m - one of the most high dunes in Europe). If you climb to the top of the dune, you can see that some of them, under the influence of the wind, have acquired a classic parabolic shape. On the very crest of the dune, you can see how the wind sweeps away grains of sand from its surface and carries it forward, gradually dragging the entire dune along with it. From above, a magnificent panorama opens: a long narrow strip of sand stretching into the distance with small villages scattered along it, patches of forest, lighthouses and glades. On the one hand, the coast is washed by the waves of the Baltic Sea, on the other, the calm waters of the Curonian Lagoon.

You can get busy windsurfing And ride on a yacht or stroll along the old village streets. Bright houses with thatched and tiled roofs, like many years ago, create an atmosphere of calmness and peace. The pungent smell of smoked fish and the nets hung out to dry remind vacationers that the main occupation of the locals has been fishing for centuries. Weather vanes can be seen everywhere, as it is important for fishermen to know the direction of the wind. Some of the weather vanes are real works of art, and they are curious to look at. The weather vane can be seen on the mast of any ship, it can be used to determine which village it is from.

On the shore you can find amazingly beautiful pieces of amber thrown out by the sea. Be sure to visit the Amber Museum. Inside some stones, you can see frozen insects and pieces of fossil plants.

It is not surprising that the Lithuanian representative to UNESCO called the Curonian Spit a paradise.

"Russian North"

We invite you to the national park "Russian North" in the Vologda region, located within the Belozersko-Kirillovskaya ridge between the lakes Beloe, Vozhe, Kubenskoye. The park covers an area of 166.4 thousand hectares. Many people from different places have enjoyed the beauty and splendor of the Russian North National Park since it was founded in 1992 in order to preserve the unique natural and cultural complexes of the Vologda Lake District, use them for recreational, environmental, educational, and scientific purposes.

This is the land of many graceful small lakes in ancient water-glacial valleys. Countless rivers, lakes, streams, tributaries flowing through the territory of the national park belong to the Caspian Sea basin, only the Porozovitsa rivers with tributaries and Modlon belong to the White Sea basin. Many archaeological sites are concentrated on the Modlon and Porozovitsa rivers, which in fact reflect the entire cultural history of the North of European Russia.

The famous North Dvina water system, built in 1825-1828, runs through the park, a monument of engineering, includes 5 artificial channels, 7 locks, is navigable and at the same time an interesting display object.

On both sides of the Belozersk-Kirillovskaya ridge there are lowlands, the main "architect" of which is water. These are wetlands.

The relief of the park is uneven, hilly-morainic. On the territory of the park there are 3 large moraine-pressure hills, which have received the status of natural monuments for their uniqueness. This is Mount Maura, towering over the district like a smoky-gray bear, Mount Tsipina, Mount Sandyreva (their height is from 50-80 m).

The area abounds in vast forests of spruce and pine, and birch-spruce and birch-aspen forests cover the park. The border between the middle and southern taiga forests passes through the park.

Entering the park, you find yourself in a world of amazing beauty. 500 species of higher vascular plants grow here. Now 60 rare and endangered species of plants are taken under protection in this park. Among them are a real slipper, a leafless chin, a Baltic digitorhika, and a lake mullet.

The park has two landscapes of the reserve, two unique forests, which are also natural monuments: Sokolsky Bor and Shalgo-Bodunovsky forest. Another monument of nature - the pine plantation of Sokolsky Bor - attracts visitors with healing air, an abundance of berries and mushrooms, excellent conditions for fishing and recreation. Rare plants grow here - small-leaved linden and sleep-grass. Here, on the territory of Sokolsky Bor, the osprey lives - a bird of prey from the owl family, one of the most beautiful birds in the world.

The diverse fauna of the park includes 48 species of mammals and 161 species of birds.

In the park, among the rich and diverse flora and fauna, there are 4 priceless monuments of Russian architecture: the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, located on the shores of the picturesque Siversky Lake, the Ferapontov Monastery, famous for the frescoes of the great Russian painter Dionysius, the Goritsky Resurrection Convent and the first desert in Russia - Nilo- Sorskaya.

"Vodlozersky"

The national park is located on the territory of the Pudozhsky district of Karelia and the Onega district of the Arkhangelsk region. Founded in April 1991, the park with an area of 404.7 thousand hectares occupies the Vodlozero basin and the lower reaches of the Ileksa River. In 2001, by decision of UNESCO, the park was given the status of a biosphere reserve, the first in the system of national parks in Russia.

"Vodlozersky" park is very beautiful, and civilization has practically not touched it. The forests of the park are unique in terms of preservation and the largest in Europe array of old-growth native forests of the European taiga. Middle taiga forests of pine and spruce, giant Siberian larches have never been cut down and have retained their natural appearance. The average age of trees is 200-280 years, some trees reach 500-600 years of age. Numerous taiga inhabitants live in the bosom of nature - a brown bear, a lynx, a wolverine and a marten, an elk and a reindeer, a fox, a wolf, and a badger.

It should be noted that freshwater flowing lakes occupy more than 10% of the park's territory, the largest of which is Lake Vodlozero, with a water area of 358 km2. The largest river in the park, the Ileksa, with its numerous tributaries and flowing lakes, flows into this lake. The rivers and lakes of the park abound with fish. About 20 species of fish live here. There are spawning grounds for Vodlin salmon on the Vama River. More than 40% of the territory is occupied by swamps, diverse in types, structure and vegetation. Due to the abundance of water, this place was chosen by numerous plants and birds.

Since the route of many migratory birds passes through the Vodlozersky National Park, you can meet a huge variety of birds here. About 200 of their species have either settled in the park or stop there during migration. Geese, loons, waders and diving ducks and rare birds such as whooper swan, lesser swan, barnacle goose live among the waterfowl in the park. Capercaillie and other grouse birds also live there. The park is home to rare and endangered species such as the white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, the largest inland group of predatory fish-eating birds in the European North, listed in the International Red Book.

Architectural monuments (chapels, old houses) are preserved here. The most outstanding historical and architectural monument of the park is the ancient Ilyinsky churchyard, located on the secluded island of Ilyinsky, in the northern part of the large lake Vodlozero, not far from the village of Kanza-Navolok. It is about 15 km from the Central Manor of the park, located in the village of Kuganavolok, to the Ilyinsky churchyard. In ancient times, a pagan sanctuary was located in its place, the remains of which can still be seen today. Today, as in ancient times, the Ilyinsky churchyard is the spiritual center and the main Orthodox shrine of the Vodlozero region.

Vodlozersky Park is a great place for travel and recreation for people of all ages. People who prefer a quiet holiday will be offered rural tourism. You can relax in cozy houses on the banks of a lake or river, away from the noise of the city. For you, a trip on a motor boat around the islands of Lake Vodlozero with a visit to ancient villages or pilgrimage to the holy places of the Russian North. For lovers of outdoor activities, hiking and skiing routes of various lengths and complexity, snowmobile safaris, combined tours and tours - bird watching, sport fishing are laid. For lovers of sports rafting route: Ileksa river - Vodlozero lake - Vama river.

"Paanajärvi"

The natural "pearl" of the North of Karelia, the national park occupies 103.3 thousand hectares and is located in the basin of Lake Paanajärvi and the river. Olanga near the Russian-Finnish border, not far from the Arctic Circle.

The park can be called the country of lakes. There are about 600 large and small lakes, 60 rivers. The waters of Lake Paanajärvi and the river. Olanga are home to brown trout, trout, grayling and whitefish.

There are many marshes in Paanajärvi, including the so-called hanging marshes, which are distinguished by rich vegetation.

The park is very beautiful, and civilization has practically not touched it. It is covered with beautiful northern taiga spruce forests, with an admixture of pine and birch. Mountain peaks are occupied by tundra.

In the Paanajärvi park, you can climb Mount Nuorunen (576 m, the highest mountain in Karelia), swim along Lake Pyaozero (the lake lies in a deep gorge and, for its small size, is characterized by an exceptional depth of 128 m), admire the sheer cliff of Ruskeallio, the Olanga River, Mäntykoski and Kivakkakoski waterfalls or the breathtaking view from Kivakkatunturi mountain.

"Kalevalsky"

The park was founded in 2006 in Karelia, in order to preserve a large array of natural forests and natural and cultural landscape, which became the basis of the world-famous Karelian epos "Kalevala", and covers an area of more than 74 thousand hectares.

Tourists are captivated by the natural beauty of the park. Forests, swamps and lakes, interspersed with each other, make up a colorful mosaic of the landscape. Only here you can see the unique virgin Kalevala forests, which are inhabited by whimsical animals and plants of the primeval forest.

The western part of the park is covered with old-growth spruces, while the eastern part is dominated by pine. The noise of streams in steep ravines breaks the silence of the forest. A bear lives here, in summer you can also see a reindeer with a cub mincing along the path along the river bank.

The golden eagle - the master of the sky is circling over the marsh islands, guarding its nest. You will notice white-tailed eagles and ospreys soaring high above, which now and then swoop down on fish in the water. A curious feature: although the eagle is larger and looks more impressive, the osprey is a much more skilled angler. Eagles sometimes take fish from ospreys. Communication with wildlife will give you a lot of pleasure. A rare species of kite builds its nests here and raises chicks. A charming large-headed Lapland owl, secretive and silent, lives in the park. At the beginning of summer, cranes and bean goose build their nests along the banks of swamp lamb, and numerous flocks of geese graze in the swamps.

Dry pine forests on rocks and water-glacial deposits of the Kalevala Park, swamps and lakes - all this makes the park unique, unparalleled in Fennoscandia.

Be sure to visit the large lake Lower Lapukka, which has preserved traces of past eras when game and fish were hunted here. You will see smokehouses for fish grown into the ground, and trees with notches on the borders of hunting grounds, and burrows-baits for martens. Many trails are paved by deer, elk and bears. The old roads linking the villages are now only guessed in their outlines.

"Kenozersky"

“The lost world of primeval forests inhabited by many animals and birds, the peace of desert swamps, countless lakes in a bizarre web of rivers, boundless distances, islands with lonely chapels. Untouched forests and swamps are the main wealth of the park. There are many rivers and more than 500 lakes, the largest of which is Vodlozero. It gave the park its name.

The park, located in the Plesetsk and Kargopol districts of the Arkhangelsk region, covers the basins of lakes Kenozero, Lekmozero and other smaller lakes and lake-river systems (Naglimozero, Monastyrskoye, Svyatozero, Pedozero, Muyozero, etc.).

Kenozersky occupies an area of 139.2 thousand hectares, of which 20.6 thousand hectares are water bodies. There are 300 lakes, rivers and streams in the park. Among them, the true pearl is Kenozero. There are also upland ridge-hollow bogs.

The hilly moraine and water-glacial plains are covered with coniferous forests, and the sandy plains are covered with pines. Vast dense forests make the air clean and healthy. The floodplains of the rivers are covered with meadow grasses like a carpet.

The flora of the park is surprisingly diverse: about 550 species of plants grow here, many of which are listed in the Red Book. The forest keeps countless berry riches, these are cranberries, blueberries, currants, lingonberries, cloudberries.

The animal world of Kenozero is rich and diverse, where about 240 species of animals live: elk, lynx, bear, marten, beaver. Of the 151 species of birds, the capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, hawk, white-tailed eagle are the most common, and it is considered good luck for park guests to see the crane and snow-white swans. About 20 species of fish live in numerous lakes of the park.

This national park is the most mysterious and enigmatic place in the Dvina region. On the territory of the park there is one of the most famous open-air museums of Russian wooden architecture with buildings of the 16th-17th centuries. You will see 11 churches with unique painted ceilings and bell towers, 39 wooden chapels.

Since the time of the pagans, there has been a cult of tree worship. And today more than 30 "holy" groves of trees will attract your attention. Each grove has a chapel or a worship cross as a sign of holiness. In total, there are 27 worship crosses in the park. A special place is occupied by a grove in the cemetery in the village of Filipovskoe. Spruces and pines here are over a hundred years old, and birch trees are 80 years old. In the grove there is a chapel of the 19th century.

Approximately 27 BC. e. Roman engineer Vitruvius compiled a description of the water mill of his time. Over the years, the measured creaking and tapping of mill wheels could be heard in many countries. There are also 3 water mills in the "Kenozersky" park, which give the landscape a special flavor.

Artists call this region, covered with coniferous forests, "Northern Switzerland of the 19th century."

Travelers will be able to get acquainted with peasant life, local folklore and masterpieces of wooden architecture, as well as enjoy amazingly clean air. Visitors will be able to go on a boat tour and stay in peasant houses of the 19th and 20th centuries.

"Valdaisky"

The Valdai National Park was founded in 1990 in the Novgorod region in order to preserve the unique lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland. The territory of the park includes more than 70 lakes, including the northern part of Lake Seliger. Lake Seliger is the main treasure of Valdai. Its bizarre shape resembles an orchid flower. There are many wooded islands on the lake. On the Selvitsky Island of the Valdai Lake there is the Iversky Monastery, which receives pilgrims and tourists.

"Yugyd Va"

The Yugyd Va National Park was established in 1994 on the territory of the Komi Republic in order to preserve the unique natural complexes of the Subpolar and Northern Urals. The territory of the national park, together with the Pechoro-Ilychsky reserve adjoining it in the south and its buffer zone, were included on the UNESCO World Heritage List on December 8, 1995.

The park occupies the western slopes of the Subpolar (height up to 1878 m, Mount Karpinsky) and Northern Urals (height up to 617 m, Gelposis), located in the highest mountainous part, on the border of Europe and Asia. Its territory belongs to the basin of the right tributaries of the Pechora (from the Podcherem river to the Bolshaya Synya river).

Canyon-like deep gorges, weathering remnants, steep banks, majestic rocks - all these are just separate sketches of the landscape of the Yugyd Va National Park.

On the crests of the mountains (the Subpolar Urals are distinguished by the highest heights of the ridges) - stone seas and mountain tundra, which, lower down the slopes, is replaced by mountain taiga with cedar and fir (in the Northern Urals). Arctic fox and reindeer roam in the mountain tundra.

In the north, high in the mountains, more than 30 small caravan glaciers decorate the landscape. Against the backdrop of a bright blue sky, the glaciers sparkle white, contrasting with the dark mountains.

The park has beautiful nature and rich wildlife. The lowland part of the park is covered with forests of spruce and downy birch.

30 species of mammals and 190 species of birds live here. More than half of the Pechora herd of salmon is reproduced in the sources of the rivers.

"Sebezhsky"

The park is located in the southwest of the Pskov region. You will feel joy when you see many quiet lakes connected by meandering rivers and channels. The rustling of leaves in the wind, the singing of birds and beautiful pine forests on the sands are preparing for you pleasure!

If you like to watch animals in nature, then it will be interesting for you to know that in the territory of the northwestern region there are also reserves:

"Kivach"

Founded in 1931 around the Kivach waterfall in the Kondopoga region, 30 km northwest of Lake Onega, between Sundozero in the north and Pertozero in the south, almost in the center of the southern part of the Republic of Karelia, among hilly plains, rocks and water, the reserve occupies more than 10 thousand hectares.

"Kivach" will win you over with its waterfalls, a museum of rare plants and an arboretum.

In Karelia, waterfalls are found on the stony steps of riverbeds. In the reserve there is the most famous waterfall of Karelia - Kivach - located on the Suna River. The waters of the river, squeezed by diabase rocks in a narrow gorge 170 m long, fall from an eleven-meter height, and the height of the waterfall itself reaches 8 m.

"Kivach" is famous for its arboretum. Here is a collection of 42 species of trees and shrubs, more than half of which are introduced species.

The arboretum, founded in 1947, was intended not only for the recreation of visitors. In fact, the main task is to explore the possibility of growing tree species from other regions (introducers) in the conditions of Karelia, which would help in the shortest possible time to raise the country's economy after the military devastation. Along with some exotic trees, various forms of the famous Karelian birch attract the general attention of tourists. In the 60s, the well-known Karelian dendrologist and forestry teacher Kim Alexandrovich Andree planted several small groves of this amazing plant in the arboretum. Karelian birch is a mysterious plant. Scientists have been arguing about it for over a hundred years. Karelian birch has an extremely beautiful marble-like wood, durable, but easy to work with. Karelian birch products are the most popular Karelian souvenir.

"Kandalaksha"

The reserve was established in 1932 to preserve the common eider, famous for its down. The territory of the reserve is located within the Murmansk region and the Loukhsky district of the Republic of Karelia.

A protected paradise on the islands and coastal areas of the Barents Sea and the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea with an area of 70.5 thousand hectares, more than half of which is in water bodies (40.6 thousand hectares). In 1975, the protected areas of the Kandalaksha Reserve received the status of wetlands of international importance.

Magnificent landscape: sandy-silty littoral, covered with flowers and algae, and at a depth thickets of kelp. On the coast - low-lying rocky areas, polished rocks - "ram's foreheads", cirques, steep coastal ledges.

An indelible impression is made by pine forests, where you can admire birches, spruces and rare plants such as arctic sunflower, lady's slipper, leafless chin, Turyemys dandelion. Crows, dwarf birches, tundra willows grow in the tundra. There are also sedge and shrub bogs.

The Kandalaksha Nature Reserve is a haven for rare species of birds listed in the Red Book: white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon. For bird lovers, visiting the Kandalaksha Reserve is a real treat! You will see many birds: black grouse, common eider, long-nosed merganser, gulls. There is a huge number of inhabitants of bird markets - thin-billed and thick-billed guillemots and kittiwake gulls.

Sea animals are also charming: sea hare, sea seal, ringed seal.

"Kostomukshsky"

The reserve is located in Karelia, on the eastern slope of the West Karelian Upland, up to 250 m high, 25 km west of the city of Kostomuksha, with an area of 47,457 hectares.

Karelia impresses with its extraordinary beauty and originality of nature. The alternation of granite rocks, moraine ridges, swampy lowlands is a typical Karelian landscape. Numerous lakes (250 lakes), connected by short fast-flowing rapids and cool clear water, filled the tectonic depressions. Rivers and lakes abound with fish: salmon, grayling, lake-river whitefish.

Size (10.5 thousand hectares), purity of water and picturesqueness stands out for Kamennoe Island, with 98 islands, many capes and bays. Deep lake (26 meters), full of lake salmon, home to bean geese and whooper swans. There were several Karelian settlements along its banks, leaving behind small patches of fields and meadows. A short (25 km), but very beautiful and fast Kamennaya River flows out of the lake and passes through the territory of the reserve, carrying its waters through a system of lakes and rivers to the White Sea.

The most impressive is the majestic Tsar Threshold, sandwiched in sheer cliffs.

White nights give charm to green forests, bizarre outlines of lakes with clear water.

80% of the territory of the reserve is covered with pine forests. The foothills and river valleys are covered with fir trees. In small areas there are deciduous plantings. The average age of forests is 170-180 years, and individual trees reach 300 or more years. Lobelia Dortman, similar to a large cabbage, Kemsky cornflower, leafless chin, add variety to the landscape palette. And behind the tops of the trees, swamps are already visible.

The reserve protects many rare and endangered species of animals and birds. Among them are reindeer, otter, lynx, wolverine, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, osprey, bearded owl, whooper swan, gray crane.

"Pinezhsky"

The reserve with an area of 41.2 thousand hectares was founded in 1974 in the Arkhangelsk region to protect and study the natural complexes of the northern taiga and unique karst formations.

The relief of the reserve is represented by a flat marshy watershed plain, a hilly plateau and a karst plain with numerous lakes, caves, sinkholes and gypsum towers.

Under the conditions of such a combination, 480 species of higher vascular plants grow, including rare ones such as the real slipper, the elusive peony and the northern girder.

91% of the territory of the reserve is covered with dense gloomy spruce forests. 25% of the forests have not been touched by civilization; these are indigenous forests in their natural state of Siberian spruce, pine, larch and birch. The larch ship grove, known since the time of Peter I, has been preserved.

"Darwin"

The reserve is located on the coast of the Rybinsk reservoir, at the junction of the Vologda, Yaroslavl and Tver regions and occupies the tip of the peninsula, deeply protruding from the northwest to the southeast into the water area of the Rybinsk reservoir. The Darwin Reserve was founded in 1945 to preserve the unique nature of the Mologo-Sheksna interfluve and to study the influence of the Rybinsk Reservoir on all elements of the natural complex.

"Lapland"

The reserve in the Murmansk region, in the west of the Kola Peninsula, in the basin of Lake Imandra with an area of 278.4 thousand hectares. Wild untouched nature is the main value of the reserve.

The landscape of the reserve is the majestic mountain ranges of Monchetundra and Chunatundra. The mountain slopes are covered with forests of pine, spruce and birch. Such picturesque landscapes are especially impressive with their freshness and rich vegetation. At an altitude of 450 meters, the forest gives way to extensive thickets of dwarf birch and birch crooked forest. Above, green lawns of low-growing plants and lichen tundra carpet the earth. The upper part of the mountains is a rocky "cold desert".

422 species of plants grow here, and 5 of them are listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR.

Everyone knows that animals eat plants. But did you know that some plants eat animals? More than 550 species of carnivorous plants are known. These unusual plants are capable of photosynthesis, but those that grow in poor soils lack important nutrients such as nitrogen. Insects are an important addition to the diet of these hungry plants. Each plant hunts for prey in its own way. Some have slamming traps, others lure their victims into slippery traps or onto sticky surfaces from which it is impossible to get out. 8 species of insectivorous plants grow in the "Lapland" reserve.

The reserve is home to 30 species of mammals. Among them are wild reindeer, elk, wild boar, fox, bear, ermine, wolf and wolverine.

In addition, more than 184 species of birds live here.

Or maybe you prefer more "mundane" representatives of the fauna? The ichthyofauna of the reserve includes 15 species, 6 of which are salmon.

It was here that archaeological monuments were discovered - the remains of pits for catching deer and sacred stones - Seida - evidence of the centuries-old culture of the Murmansk region.

"Pasvik"

The reserve is located in the Murmansk region on the right bank of the Paz River, from which it got its name. Pasvik was founded in 1992 as a result of cooperation between Russian and Norwegian ecologists. On the Norwegian side, the Pasvik reserve was formed in 1993. The reserve on the Pasvik River is a site of rich and pure untouched nature in the north of Europe, rich in flora and fauna. The purpose of the Pasvik Nature Reserve is to preserve water areas as nesting and habitats for numerous waterfowl and to protect pine forests, which are located here at the northern limit of their distribution.

Mount Kalkupya is one of the most attractive places in the reserve, where, despite the low altitude (300-350 m), pine forests are first replaced by birch stubble forests, and then by tundra. Every year, thousands of tourists visit the island of Varlamsaari, where at the beginning of the 20th century. lived the first explorer of these places, the Norwegian ornithologist Hans Skonning. According to old drawings, his house was restored, and an ornithological tower was equipped nearby.

"Polistovsky"

You are expected in the reserve located in the east of the Pskov region. The Polistovsky State Nature Reserve was founded in 1994 to protect the unique Polistovo-Lovatskaya bog system. This is the first swamp reserve in Russia. The kingdom of many rivers, streams and lakes, unique swamps, a haven for rare bird species.

"Lindulovskaya larch grove"

The reserve is located in the Leningrad region on the Karelian Isthmus. Lindulovska larch grove, planted in 1738 to obtain ship timber.

Nizhnesvirsky

The reserve is located in the Leningrad Region, at the mouth of the Svir River and in the Svir Bay of Lake Ladoga. It was founded in 1980 for the sake of preserving and studying the natural complexes of the southern Ladoga region. An indelible impression is made by pine forests, where you can admire bizarre lichens, feast on blueberries, birch groves, aspen forests, forest islands among swamps.

Pechoro-Ilychsky

Are there original forests on earth? Such a protected paradise can be seen in the southeast of the Komi Republic, in the Pechoro-Ilychsky nature reserve. In 1995, the Pechoro-Ilychsky Nature Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park became the first natural site in Russia to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage List (nomination "Virgin Komi Forests"). Today it is the largest, with an area of 3.3 million hectares, of the remaining primary forests in Europe. The reserve plays an important role in the conservation of endangered species of animals and birds, plants included in the Red Book of the Komi Republic.

Nature reserves and natural parks are wonderful scenic spots. They attract many visitors every year. Such places are attractive for the possibility of recreation and tourism in the bosom of nature. For this reason, they are in demand among the inhabitants of noisy megacities, tired of the incessant movement and fuss.

In the zones protected by the state, you can get acquainted with the unique species of flora and fauna, as well as learn a reasonable attitude towards natural resources. Reserves and national parks of Russia (names will be presented later) - this is the topic of our article.

curonian spit

This is a small national park, but it is popular with tourists. About a million visitors visit the park every year.

The park is a long narrow peninsula covered with sand. The spit separates the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. Moose, hares, wild boars, wolves live in these places.

A local attraction is the dancing forest. It is formed by dozens of pine trees with interesting curves. If you go along the route called "The Height of Efa", you can go to the crest of the dune and listen to the "singing sands". The trail is named after a scientist who studied moving sands.

To visit the Curonian Spit, you need to go by bus from Kaliningrad. You can get from Svetlogorsk.

"Pillars"

Speaking about the reserves and national parks of Russia (the names are listed in the article), we should dwell on this. It is located in the very heart of Siberia. Its area is about 500 sq. km.

The reserve consists of 189 high rocks. Since the 19th century, the place has been valued by climbers. Fans of this sport often risked their lives by performing tricks without insurance. A memorial was opened in the reserve in memory of the dead extremals.

Numerous walking paths traversing the protected area are accompanied by rest areas. To get to this unique place, you need to take a bus from Krasnoyarsk.

"Valdaisky"

The list of names of national parks and reserves in Russia is complemented by this corner of nature, located on the Valdai Upland. Here are the sources of the rivers Volga, Western Dvina, Dnieper. There are also many lakes on the territory of which you can conduct sports hunting and fishing.

This area is known for the fact that rare birds recorded in the Red Book live here. Also live foxes, wolves, wild boars, lynxes.

You can get to the park by bus from St. Petersburg.

Pechoro-Ilychsky

Continuing to talk about reserves and national parks in Russia with names, it is worth paying attention to this one. It is located in the Northern Urals.

In the reserve there is a monument of geology - Manpupuner with "Mansiysk blockheads". These are seven pillars that are sacred objects for the Mansi people.

Helicopters from Perm and Ukhta fly to the reserve. There is also a bus from Troitsko-Pechorsk to these places.

Sikhote-Alin

We continue to give examples of nature reserves and national parks in Russia. Sikhote-Alin is a system of mountains with three winding ridges. Territories are difficult to access for human visits. Himalayan and brown bears, lynxes, Amur tigers, and seals live here.

In the untouched cedar forests, there are ecological paths leading to the habitats of seals and unique birds on Lake Blagodatnoye.

Getting to the reserve is difficult. From Vladivostok there is a bus, the travel time on which takes 14 hours.

I wonder what other reserves and national parks are in Russia?

Baikal

The main object of this reserve is the picturesque Lake Baikal. Hundreds of species of animals live in the surrounding forests. In Baikal, there is a freshwater seal - a seal.

The reserve has been given international status.

Altaic

We continue to consider the list of reserves and national parks in Russia. Altai Biosphere is located in the Altai Republic.

Its area is 2000 hectares. The reserve is located on the shores of Lake Teletskoye.

Waterfalls and alpine lakes adorn this natural area.

Kronotsky

This reserve is located in Kamchatka, the way to it lies through the sea or by air - by helicopter.

The state has protected the territory since 1934. In the reserve there are mountain ranges, a valley of geysers, formidable volcanoes.

In this natural area, you can hunt sable.

Caucasian

The reserve is located in the Stavropol Territory. The year of its foundation is 1954, the area is 282.5 thousand hectares.

This protected corner of nature is located on the slopes of the Western Caucasus. It is filled with a network of mountain landscapes. There is always snow on the mountain peaks, glaciers and avalanches often descend. Most of the territory is covered with forests.

Big Arctic

The reserve is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. Its area is huge - 4169.2 thousand hectares. The reserve consists of seven cluster sections and 35 contours formed by islands, peninsulas, bays, bays.

Reindeer, geese, gulls, partridges are protected on this territory.

The main part of the land is classified as arctic tundra, the northern territories are classified as arctic deserts.

Far Eastern Marine

This territory is located south of Vladivostok and includes 11 islands. Rocky capes, bays and peninsulas are located on the coastal areas.

Visitors are presented with beautiful sandy beaches, habitats for seabirds and animals, unusual rocks, picturesque forests, streams and wetlands.

More than 3,000 species of animals live here, more than 200 species of fish. There are even sharks and sea snakes. Mollusks, jellyfish, anemones, octopuses are also interesting.

So, we have listed the main names of reserves and national parks in Russia, gave them a description and indicated the features inherent in these places.

The natural national parks of Russia are those pieces of wild life of animals and plants, miraculously preserved and allowing you to observe nature in all its glory.

In past centuries, people did not think about the protection of flora and fauna; many species of living beings were ruthlessly exterminated. And only at the beginning of the 20th century this problem came to the fore.

Natural parks of Russia: history of origin

At the beginning of the 20th century, V.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky proposed the creation of about 50 national parks and reserves on the territory of Russia, taking the American example as a prototype. This list included natural parks, reserves of Russia, it covered almost all zones and landscapes of our country. In later years, on the basis of this list, a huge number of the most beautiful monuments of wildlife were created, which are popular to this day.

Most of the protected areas were created in the 90s of the last century. These are Losiny Ostrov, Samarskaya Luka, Sochi, Bashkiria and many others. All popular tourist routes were covered.

The stage of expansion and development of Russia's natural monuments began at the beginning of the 21st century. During this period, no new parks were created, but many laws were adopted to stimulate the further development of reserves and strengthen their protection.

What is the difference between a national park and a nature reserve

In those distant times, when the protection of wildlife was only in its infancy, these two concepts were identical. And yet, there are differences.

National parks are territories where human activity, in particular economic activity, is limited to protect the environment. However, as a rule, hiking trails are allowed.

Natural parks in Russia were created in those places that had a special aesthetic, historical, educational or research value.

In the reserves, any human activity is completely prohibited. They were created to protect animals and plants that are threatened with complete or partial extinction.

In the reserves, not only the living world, but also water and soil are protected. They cannot hunt animals, fish, build housing facilities, plow the land or mow grass. Even picking berries and mushrooms is prohibited.

Where can you hunt

As mentioned above, hunting is strictly prohibited on the territory of the reserves. But in a number of national parks, subject to the deadlines, hunting is still possible. True, in recent years there are fewer and fewer such parks.

For example, in the national park "Ugra" you can hunt, but for this you need to obtain a number of permits.

You can watch animals in national parks. In the absence of hunting, they cease to be afraid of people, coming closer to them.

Park management even warns tourists not to get close to wild animals in order to avoid attacks and injury.

Every year, many local and foreign tourists visit Russia's natural parks.

List of names of some national parks and reserves

Many parks have a similar history and type of formation, but they also have many differences between them. They differ in size - from 7.9 thousand hectares to 150 thousand hectares, according to the specifics of the natural area - the variety of landscapes, according to the date of formation.

Also, all the parks of our country can be conditionally divided into natural monuments that are under special protection, ordinary national parks and reserves, each of which deserves special attention.

Here are some examples of national parks in our country.

Moose Island. It is located in Moscow, its area is 117 sq. km. It was created in 1983 simultaneously with the Sochi park.
Meshchersky National Park is located in the Ryazan region, its area is 1034 sq. km. Approximately one third of this natural complex is made up of meadows and settlements where people continue their economic activities.
Pribaikalsky National Park is located in the Irkutsk region, it was founded in 1986. The park includes the shores of Lake Baikal. The lake itself is a natural monument and is under the protection of UNESCO.
Shushensky forest. One of the smallest objects is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, its area is only 327 sq. km. V.I. also hunted in these places. Lenin. Since then, a reserve was first organized there, and then a park.
The Shantar Islands were organized in 2013 and are located in the Khabarovsk Territory, on the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk. These islands grow unique varieties of trees.

In total, the list includes more than 50 national parks.

Reserves of Russia

In the reserves, any human activity is prohibited, so nature is completely untouched there. There is a problem of poaching, but this phenomenon is being fought hard.

Bryansk forest. The unique biosphere reserve, located in the Bryansk region, was founded in 1987. This is the only place where all 10 species of woodpeckers live.
The Sayano-Shushensky Reserve has a mountainous relief. Ungulates, wolves, hares, foxes live on its territory. It is noteworthy that there is a hydroelectric power station on the territory of this reserve. The load on the ecosystem during its construction was enormous. But already 12 years after the launch of the station, all living things adapted.
Pillars in the Krasnoyarsk Territory were founded a long time ago, back in 1925. The flora and fauna of this wonderful place, very beloved by tourists and rock climbers, is mainly taiga. A lot of birds listed in the Red Book live here.
The Sikhote-Alin Reserve was also founded in the last century, in 1935. Dozens of mosses, lichens, reptiles, animals and birds are registered on its territory. The famous Amur tiger lives in these parts.
The Prisursky reserve is located in Chuvashia, its area is about 9150 hectares. Mixed forest prevails, there are elements of meadow steppe. More than 190 species of mammals live on the territory of the Prisura Reserve.

Only an insignificant part of the reserves of Russia is described here. You can talk about them endlessly.

The oldest national park in Russia

The Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve is the first reserve created on the territory of our country in 1916. It is located on the shore of Lake Baikal. Prior to its creation in Tsarist Russia, there were only private reserves owned by the nobility.

The Biosphere Park is a reserve where, in addition to nature protection, research activities are carried out, animals and birds are studied.

The largest natural park in Russia

It is known that all natural monuments, national parks, natural reserves of Russia differ in the occupied territory. The largest park is Yugyd-Va, which is located on the territory of the Komi Republic. In translation, this name means "Pure Water". It is truly a magnificent example of nature. The area of land alone is 1,891,701 hectares. To this should be added several tens of thousands of hectares of water area. The park is practically untouched by man, every day it can take about 10 thousand people. On its territory there are entertainment attractions, recreation centers and much more. Hunting and fishing are prohibited there.

Natural monuments of Russia under the protection of UNESCO

Historical and natural sites are subject to special protection and are included in the UNESCO World Fund.

The natural parks of Russia, the list of which can be seen above, meet many of the requirements of this organization. About a dozen of them are subject to special protection, receiving funding not only from federal programs, but also from UNESCO. The same number of objects are currently under preparation for obtaining the status of "World Heritage".

Zabaikalsky Reserve.
Altai reserve.
Lazovsky Reserve.
Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad".
Samarskaya Luka.
Curonian spit.
Smolensk Lake District, etc.

The current stage of development of national parks

In the 21st century, the foundation of new parks has practically stopped. However, the search for territories is still ongoing. The Far East, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories have not yet been sufficiently studied. It is in these places that the close attention of environmentalists is directed today.

At the end of the 19th century, the world community came to the conclusion that if no measures are taken to protect the environment, then the earth may lose many species of flora and fauna. Our planet may lose most of the natural formations that have adorned the earth for centuries. The national park serves to preserve the reserves of natural lands owned by the sovereign state.

No matter how different the national parks of individual countries are, they have a common idea - to preserve wildlife for future generations - as a symbol of national pride. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) today states that there are 6,555 national parks in the world.

For the first time, Mackinac National Park, northern Michigan, became an officially designated national park; then the Royal National Park, in 1875 - Australia. The largest national park in the world, according to the IUCN, is the Northern Greenland National Park, established in 1974.

The main national parks and reserves of the world

Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park is the first public park in the world. Discovered in the Rocky Mountains in the United States back in 1872. Millions of tourists come to see the beauty of pristine nature with bizarre hot geysers. The park is home to an almost lost species of bison;

In 1971, clear criteria were established for evaluating the national park:

Minimum size 1000 ha in zones;

Regulatory legal protection;

Budget and sufficient staff to provide effective protection;

Prohibition on the exploitation of natural resources.

The main national parks and reserves of the world that fall under the special criteria of the IUCN - TOP category

1. Swiss National Park, Switzerland: IUCN Ia - Strict Nature Reserve

2. Everglades National Park, USA: IUCN Ib - Wilderness Area

13. Serra dos Órgãos - National Park.

14. Guanacaste National Park, Costa Rica

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