Here is a map of countries in Russian and a table with sovereign states, as well as dependent territories. They include completely independent states and territories dependent on various European countries. In total, there are 50 sovereign states and 9 dependent territories in the European part of the world.
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According to the generally accepted geographical definition, the border between and Europe runs along Ural mountains, the Ural River and the Caspian Sea in the east, mountain system The Greater Caucasus and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles in the south. Based on this division, the transcontinental states of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey have territories both in Europe and in Asia.
The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) and is on the Anatolian Plate, but is often considered part of Europe and is a current member of the European Union (EU). Armenia is also entirely in Western Asia, but is a member of some European organizations.
While providing a clearer division between and Europe, some have traditionally European islands, such as Malta, Sicily, Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands, are located on the African Continental Plate. Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which crosses the Eurasian and North American plates.
Greenland has socio-political ties with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but geographically closer to. Sometimes Israel is also seen as part of Europe's geopolitical processes.
Other territories are part of European countries but geographically located on other continents such as French overseas departments, Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla on the African coast, and the Dutch Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
There are 50 internationally recognized sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or members in international European organizations, of which 44 have their capitals within Europe. All but the Vatican are members of the United Nations (UN), and all but Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Vatican are members of the Council of Europe. 28 of these countries have been EU members since 2013, which means high integration with each other and partial sharing of their sovereignty with EU institutions.
Political map of Europe with country names in Russian
To enlarge the map, click on it.
Political map of Europe with state names/Wikipedia
Table of European countries with capitals
States of Eastern Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Belarus | Minsk |
2 | Bulgaria | Sofia |
3 | Hungary | Budapest |
4 | Moldova | Kishinev |
5 | Poland | Warsaw |
6 | Russia | Moscow |
7 | Romania | Bucharest |
8 | Slovakia | Bratislava |
9 | Ukraine | Kyiv |
10 | Czech | Prague |
States of Western Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Austria | Vein |
2 | Belgium | Brussels |
3 | Great Britain | London |
4 | Germany | Berlin |
5 | Ireland | Dublin |
6 | Liechtenstein | Vaduz |
7 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
8 | Monaco | Monaco |
9 | Netherlands | Amsterdam |
10 | France | Paris |
11 | Switzerland | Berne |
Nordic states |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Denmark | Copenhagen |
2 | Iceland | Reykjavik |
3 | Norway | Oslo |
4 | Latvia | Riga |
5 | Lithuania | Vilnius |
6 | Finland | Helsinki |
7 | Sweden | Stockholm |
8 | Estonia | Tallinn |
States of Southern Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Albania | Tirana |
2 | Andorra | Andorra la Vella |
3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo |
4 | Vatican | Vatican |
5 | Greece | Athens |
6 | Spain | Madrid |
7 | Italy | Rome |
8 | Macedonia | Skopje |
9 | Malta | Valletta |
10 | Portugal | Lisbon |
11 | San Marino | San Marino |
12 | Serbia | Belgrade |
13 | Slovenia | Ljubljana |
14 | Croatia | Zagreb |
15 | Montenegro | Podgorica |
Asian states that are partly located in Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Kazakhstan | Astana |
2 | Turkey | Ankara |
States that, taking into account the border between Europe and Asia along the Caucasus, are partially located in Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Azerbaijan | Baku |
2 | Georgia | Tbilisi |
States that are located in Asia, although in terms of geopolitics closer to Europe |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Armenia | Yerevan |
2 | Republic of Cyprus | Nicosia |
Dependencies |
||
№ | Titles | Capital Cities |
1 | Åland (autonomy within Finland) | Mariehamn |
2 | Guernsey (a British Crown Dependency that is not part of the UK) | Saint Peter Port |
3 | Gibraltar (British overseas possessions disputed by Spain) | Gibraltar |
4 | Jersey (a British Crown Dependency that is not part of the UK) | Saint Helier |
5 | Isle of Man (British Crown Dependency) | Douglas |
6 | Faroe Islands (an autonomous island region that is part of Denmark) | Torshavn |
7 | Svalbard (archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, which is part of Norway) | Longyearbyen |
Europe is part of the world, which, together with the other part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. On its vast territory there are 44 independent states. But not all of them are part of Foreign Europe.
Foreign Europe
In 1991, the international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) was established. Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are singled out. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of a state that are not formally its territory: Akrotili and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (UK), Faroe islands(Denmark), Svalbard (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).
In addition, this list does not include unrecognized countries: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.
Rice. 1 Map of Foreign Europe
Geographical position
The states of Foreign Europe occupy a relatively small area - 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5000 km, and from west to east - more than 3000 km. The extreme point in the north is the island of Svalbard, and in the south - the island of Crete. This region is surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south it is washed by the waters Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Foreign Europe is divided into regions:
- Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
- Northern : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
- South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
- Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.
From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west, it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km away from the water, and in the east - 600 km.
general characteristics
The countries of Foreign Europe vary in size. Among them are large, medium, small and "dwarf" states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population, one can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. According to the form of government, the vast majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last step in the singular - the theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.
Rice. 2 Developed countries of Europe and their capitals
Socio-economic classification
In 1993, the idea of European unification received a new breath: that year the treaty establishing the European Union was signed. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries that make up the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by the name. First of all, they "confess" general economy(single currency), common domestic and foreign policy, as well as security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and uniform. It has its leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:
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- First : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden;
- Second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
- Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.
In 2016, the UK held a referendum to leave the EU. The majority (52%) was in favor. So, the state is on the verge of a difficult process of leaving the big "European family".
Rice. 3 Rome is the capital of Italy
Foreign Europe: countries and capitals
The following table lists the countries and capitals of Overseas Europe in alphabetical order:
The country |
Capital |
Territorial device |
Political system |
|
Federation |
Republic |
|||
Andorra la Vella |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Brussels |
Federation |
A constitutional monarchy |
||
Bulgaria |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Theocratic monarchy |
||||
Budapest |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Great Britain |
unitary |
A constitutional monarchy |
||
Germany |
Federation |
Republic |
||
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Copenhagen |
unitary |
A constitutional monarchy |
||
Ireland |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Iceland |
Reykjavik |
unitary |
Republic |
|
unitary |
A constitutional monarchy |
|||
unitary |
Republic |
|||
unitary |
Republic |
|||
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Liechtenstein |
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
||
Luxembourg |
Luxembourg |
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
|
Macedonia |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Valletta |
unitary |
Republic |
||
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
|||
Netherlands |
Amsterdam |
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
|
Norway |
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
||
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Portugal |
Lisbon |
unitary |
Republic |
|
Bucharest |
unitary |
Republic |
||
San Marino |
San Marino |
unitary |
Republic |
|
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Slovakia |
Bratislava |
unitary |
Republic |
|
Slovenia |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Finland |
Helsinki |
unitary |
Republic |
|
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Montenegro |
Podgorica |
unitary |
Republic |
|
unitary |
Republic |
|||
Croatia |
unitary |
Republic |
||
Switzerland |
Federation |
Republic |
||
Stockholm |
unitary |
constitutional monarchy |
||
unitary |
Republic |
What have we learned?
In this article, we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Foreign Europe is a region of Europe. What is included in its composition? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for the states belonging to the CIS. On the territory of foreign Europe, there is an association of the European Union, which has united 28 states under its roof.
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If you do not take into account dependent regions and not fully recognized states, then Europe for 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.
In contact with
States of Europe
The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Svalbard) for 5 thousand kilometers. The European powers are, for the most part, comparatively small. With such small sizes of territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border on each other or are separated by very small distances.
The European continent is divided territorially into parts:
- western;
- eastern;
- northern;
- southern.
All powers located on the European continent belong to one of these territories.
- There are 11 countries in the western region.
- In the east - 10 (including Russia).
- In the north - 8.
- In the south - 15.
Let's list all the countries of Europe and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.
Western
List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:
The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they are distinguished by an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural growth of inhabitants. In Germany, there is even a decline in population. All this has led to the development Western Europe began to play the role of a sub-region in the global system of population migration, it has become the main center of labor immigration.
Eastern
List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:
The states of Eastern Europe have a lower level of economic development than their Western neighbors. But, they better preserved cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographical center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.
Northern
The list of states that make up northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:
The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in northern part Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the entire European composition. Sweden is the largest country in the G8 and Iceland is the smallest. The population density in these lands is less in Europe - 22 people / m 2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m 2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.
South
And finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part, and the capitals of European states:
The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these South European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. In agriculture, the main efforts focused on the cultivation of food products, such as:
- grape;
- olives;
- pomegranate;
- dates.
It is known that Spain is the world's leading country in the collection of olives. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro.
European Union
The idea of creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or rather after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) took place only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the number of members of the European Union has expanded, and now it includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with the European foundations and principles of the EU, such as:
- protection of the rights of citizens;
- democracy;
- freedom of trade in a developed economy.
Members of the EU
The European Union for 2017 includes the following states:
There are now applicant countries to join this foreign community. These include:
- Albania.
- Serbia.
- Macedonia.
- Montenegro.
- Turkey.
On the map of the European Union, you can clearly see its geography, the countries of Europe and their capitals.
Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners
The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely through the territory of all allies.
The European Union has common governing bodies for member countries, which include:
- European Court.
- European Parliament.
- European Commission.
- The audit community that controls the EU budget.
Despite unity, the European states that have joined the community have full independence and state sovereignty. Each country has its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.
It should be noted that since its founding, only one power has left the European community. It was Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas introduced by the European Union for fishing. You can also recall the sensational events in 2016 referendum in the UK, when the population voted to leave the country from the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.