Chistoprudny Boulevard
The boulevard got its name from the Chisty Pond located on it. From the boulevards built on the site of the walls of the former white city and constituting a green necklace around the most ancient part of Moscow, Chistoprudny Boulevard is the most attractive: in summer - with a dense shadow of its alleys, in winter - with a skating rink on its pond.
The boulevard was built in the first half of the 19th century, but the area occupied by it has been known since the 16th century, when the Animal Yard was located nearby - a market where cows, sheep and pigs were brought for sale. In the 17th century, the Sovereign Battle Yard and the Sovereign Mytny Yard stood near this market. On the first one, cattle were beaten for meat, on the second, a duty was levied on the cattle brought to the market. The market stayed here for a long time, and only in 1723 it was transferred to Zamoskvorechye, to the Kaluga Gates. Butchers who lived in a settlement on Myasnitskaya Street sold meat in shops near the Butcher's Gate. They bought cattle at the Animal Yard and, not wanting to pay for the slaughter at the state fighting yard, they themselves killed it at their shops, butchered it for meat, and threw the waste into the nearby ponds, which is why they were called “Bad” at that time: the stench and stench from them, especially in summer, infected the whole neighborhood.
Bones from cattle and pigs were thrown into the "neutral zone" - at the boundary with Sretenskaya Sloboda, where Kostyansky lane now passes.
A. D. Menshikov, a favorite of Peter I, acquired in 1699 a large property near the Myasnitsky Gate, now occupied by the Post Office, built stone chambers in it, a magnificent church, known as the “Menshikov Tower”, planted gardens with greenhouses and ordered to clear the ponds. Since then, they have become known as "Chistye Prudy".
In 1710, the butcher shops were removed from the Butcher's Gate outside the Zemlyanoy Gorod (ring Garden streets). Fartina (tavern), taverns, shops and courtyards of merchants appeared in their place. Further, between Lobkovsky Lane and the Pokrovsky Gates, there were Forest Rows, in which various building materials were sold: timber, brick, lime, etc. , Bolshoi Ivanovsky and other lanes; the stream flowed into the Moscow River near the former Orphanage.
Before Chistoprudny Boulevard was built, two-story houses of “the same facade” were built at its ends to accommodate hotels. One of these houses, later rebuilt, still stands at the Pokrovsky Gate. The other one was demolished in 1934 and the lobby of the Chistye Prudy metro station was built in its place.
At the end of the 18th century, the Forest Rows were moved beyond the Red Gate, but in place of the White City wall there were still pits and stacks of bricks chosen during its dismantling. This landscape could be observed by two-year-old A. S. Pushkin, who lived in 1801 in modern home No. 7 on Chistoprudny Boulevard (No. 2 on Bolshoi Kharitonevsky Lane), when the nanny took him outside for a walk (this old house has not been preserved).
On March 1, 1831, Pushkin and his wife, shortly after their wedding, were here on Chistye Prudy, in a modern house number 12 at the Pashkovs and participated in a luge ride arranged by the owners. In the same sleigh where the Pushkins were sitting, there were 12 people, including the owners Pashkovs and the young niece of the owner E. P. Sushkova, later the famous poetess Countess Rostopchina. It was for Maslenitsa.
In house number 9 on Chistoprudny Boulevard, which Pushkin time belonged to General Yakovleva, lived from September 1826 to May 1827, the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz, who may have visited Pushkin. The house has not survived.
In 1849-1854, for 377 sazhens from Myasnitsky to Pokrovsky Gates on the sides of the boulevard, there were 8 courtyards on the right, even side, each of which had an average area of 2172 square sazhens, or about one hectare. On the left, odd, side, there were 17 yards with average area in each - 541 square sazhens, or about 0.25 hectares.
The yards on the even side belonged at that time to the Post Office, the 4th District of Communications, the State Reserve Pharmacy, the Order of Public Charity, the Church of the Trinity on Gryazy, two colonels and one merchant. Of the 17 courtyards on the odd side, 9 belonged to petty nobles and officials, 7 - to merchants, and only one - to the princess.
The development of the boulevard on either side of it also differed. On the even - there were large two-story stone houses with vast yards and gardens. On the odd side, there are one-story wooden houses with small yards and no gardens.
The house where A. S. Pushkin lived in childhood was on the left, odd side of the boulevard.
In 1907, at the Butcher's Gate, at the beginning of Chistoprudny Boulevard, a platform was formed for moving from one side to the other, shortening the boulevard by 15 sazhens. It still exists - behind the lobby of the metro station.
In 1912, a panorama of the battle of Borodino by the artist F. A. Rubo was arranged on Chistye Prudy in a specially built round building, but in 1915, due to the war of 1914–1918, it was curtailed and taken away from Moscow. In the 1920s, a huge house of the Ministry of Procurement was built in its place.
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Only own photographs were used - date of shooting 19.05.2013
The address: Moscow, Chistoprudny Boulevard, metro station Chistye Prudy, Sretensky Boulevard.
The area occupied by the boulevard has been known since the 16th century, when slaughterhouses settled here - the Animal Yard, later the Sovereign Battle Yard. The meat trade gave the name to the adjacent Myasnitskaya Street, and its waste, dumped into the nearest swamp, gave the name to the Pogan Pond. The brook Rachka flowed from the swamp, flowing south and flowing into the Moscow River at the Orphanage.
Since 1699, the corner property at the Butcher's Gate belonged to A.D. Menshikov, who built the Menshikov Tower in the back of the courtyard. The meat trade on Myasnitskaya was curtailed in 1710, and in 1723 the slaughterhouses were moved away from the house of the Most Serene.
After the fire of 1812, the remains of the wall of the White City were demolished, the pond was cleared, and two hotel buildings were built at the ends of the resulting boulevard.
The hotel at the Pokrovsky Gate has survived to this day, and at the Myasnitsky Gate it was demolished in the 1930s. In its place is the lobby of the Chistye Prudy metro station and the monument to A.S. Griboyedov.
During the 19th century the development of the boulevard was clearly divided - inner side was built up with two-story houses of the nobility and state institutions, the outer one - with one-story houses is poorer. At the end of the century, the boulevard was built up with three-four-story tenement houses; in 1945-1952 most of these houses were built up to six or seven floors while maintaining the overall architectural appearance.
"House with animals" (Chistoprudny Boulevard, 14) - profitable house of the Church of St. The Life-Giving Trinity, on the Mud
(photo from the family archive of the Dmitrevsky family was taken between 1908-1917)
 The building of the Stasov hotels (the very beginning of the 19th century) |
 Chistoprudny Boulevard, 23 - profitable house of N.D. Teleshov, 1900, architect S.V. Barkov. Initially four-story, in 1947 it was built up to 7 floors. The F.M.Dostoevsky Library on the first floor of the building has been operating since 1907. In apartment 2 in 1920-1934. S.M. Eisenstein lived. |
 Chistoprudny Boulevard, 14 - the profitable house of the Church of the Trinity on Gryazeh (1908-1909) - a monument of the late "national" modernist style. The house, designed by architects L.L. Kravetsky and P.K. Mikini, is decorated with fabulous animals by S.I. Vashkov. Initially, the house was four-story, and in the post-war years it was built up to the current 7 floors. Animals, for the most part, survived. |
 Chistye Prudy |
 Chistoprudny Boulevard, 19a - Moscow Sovremennik Theatre. Built in 1914 by R.I. Klein as a cinema "Coliseum"; worked under this name until 1970; theater opened in 1974. |
Clean ponds. Multifunctional complex on Chistye Prudy "White Swan". |
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Chistye Prudy |
 Fountain "Singing Crane" |
 One of the first Moscow tenement houses built in the Art Nouveau style in 1898-1899. buildings, the owner of the grain merchant Rakhmanov. |
 Monument to Abai Kunanbaev (1845-1904) - Kazakh poet, writer, public figure, founder of modern Kazakh written literature. Opened in 2006, sculptor M. Ainekov, architect V. Romanenko. |
Chistoprudny Boulevard, 10 building 1 - The estate of E.P. Kashkin - A.A. Durasova (1876, architect A.E. Weber) |
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Chistoprudny Boulevard on the Yandex panorama
Chistoprudny Boulevard - a boulevard in the Basmanny district of the Central administrative district Moscow. It is located between Myasnitsky Gate Square and Pokrovka. The length of the boulevard is 822 m.
Chistoprudny Boulevard in Moscow - history, name
Once upon a time, a river called Rachka flowed here. It began in Poganaya puddle, flowed along Kolpachny and Podkopaevsky lanes, crossed Podkolokolny lane, Solyanka street and flowed into the Moscow River near the Yauza. In the Census of Courtyards of the Patriarchal Sloboda in 1630, the "puddle" is referred to as Pogany Pond: the Sloboda Church was called the Church of "Gabriel the Great, on Pogany Pond." After in 1703, by order of Menshikov, the pond was put in order, it began to be called Chisty. In this form, the pond gave the name to the boulevard - Chistoprudny.
There are several versions regarding the origin of the name Filthy Pond.
The most common "blames" the settlement of butchers for everything. Allegedly, the butchers dumped waste into the pond, which made him famous throughout the district. But... First of all, the city did not shine with cleanliness: there were many applicants. Nevertheless, it is difficult to remember other "unsanitary" names. Secondly, the pond was not the closest place for waste. The current Kostyansky lane got its name precisely because the butchers dumped a lot of things there, it was closer.
The second version recalls that the word "filthy" comes from the Latin paganus - "rural". In the process of "introducing" Christianity into ancient rome the greatest gains have been made in the cities. The villagers remained pagans for a long time. This led to the fact that the words "rural" and "pagan" became synonymous. Initially, it simply stated confessional affiliation. Later, when Christianity began to wage a real religious war with paganism, the word acquired a modern meaning, since everything related to paganism was outlawed. The second version is that in ancient times, pagan idols stood by the pond, which, when the era of Christianity came, found their last refuge in it. But this is a deep antiquity.
Recent research suggests that Pogany Pond was elsewhere.
Now about the second part of the name - "boulevard". Chistoprudny Boulevard was broken up in the 1820s. on the site of the fortress wall of the White City. Other boulevards have the same "serf" origin. The custom to arrange alleys with flowers, bushes and trees on the site of the fortress walls came to us from France, where they were called boulevards. In turn, the French boulevard comes from the German Bolwerk - "fortress wall". So, while offering to walk along the boulevard, we suggest walking along the fortress wall. Chistoprudny Boulevard is part of the Boulevard Ring.
In the 1950s on Chistoprudny Boulevard there was a boat station in summer and a skating rink in winter. In the morning, children and junior schoolchildren were let into the skating rink, by the evening it was opened for high school students. The skating rink was surrounded by a high board fence, so it was difficult to get into it in the evening without going through the entrance. It remained to cling to the crack in the fence and look at the falling snow, the garlands of lanterns and, as it seemed then, adults rolling around. In 1958 the boat station was closed. Swans and ducks were launched instead of boats. Then the skating rink, which had been a children's rink for a short time, was also closed.
V. SOROKIN, honorary member of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, member of the "Old Moscow" society. Photo by I. Konstantinov.
Viktor Vasilievich Sorokin, who devoted his whole life to studying the history of Moscow, has been sharing with the readers of the magazine the most interesting archival finds for almost four decades, writing about the history of the streets located in the White City. Topics of recent publications: Neglinka (Nos. 5, 6, 1993), Rozhdestvenka (Nos. 11, 12, 1994; Nos. 1, 3, 4, 1995), Lubyanka (Nos. 11, 12, 1995) g.), Myasnitskaya (No. , , , 2000).
To decorate the house number 4 on Chistoprudny Boulevard, the architect A.P. Popov used elements of ancient Russian architecture.
The two-story wing of house No. 10 on Chistoprudny Boulevard was rebuilt in 1876 by the architect A. E. Weber. The facade is decorated with decorative wreaths, rosettes, mascarons and flying doves.
Science and life // Illustrations
Stucco decorations on house number 10 on Chistoprudny Boulevard.
Memorable places Chistoprudny Boulevard and adjacent lanes (within the White City). Artist M. Averyanov.
The carved stone decorations of this building (Chistoprudny Boulevard, 14) are based on the decoration of the Dmitrovsky Cathedral in Vladimir.
House number 7, located in Potapovsky Lane, in the past was part of the Pashkov Palace, the facade of which looked towards Chistoprudny Boulevard.
Arkhangelsky lane, house number 15a. The Church of the Archangel Gabriel (Menshikov Tower) is an architectural monument of the 18th century.
Science and life // Illustrations
Details of sculptural decorations on the western façade of the Menshikov Tower.
The stone fortress wall of the White City was built to protect against foreign invaders in 1585-1593 by the "sovereign master of the Order of stone affairs" Fyodor Savelyevich Kon. The fortifications began at the Kremlin's Vodovzvodnaya Tower and passed through the territory of the modern Boulevard Ring. The wall, reaching a height of 10 meters, was built of white stone and large bricks. Of the 27 fortress towers of the White City, 10 had gates.
The topic of this publication is "In the White City at Chistye Prudy (between Myasnitsky and Pokrovsky Gates)". In the 16th century, there were slaughterhouses outside the Butcher's Gate. Meat waste fell into the ponds formed from the dam of the river Rachka flowing here (crayfish were found in it). The river flowed past the Trinity Church on Pokrovka, along Kolpachny and Podkopaevsky lanes, crossed Podkolokolny lane and Solyanka street, then flowed into the Moscow River above the mouth of the Yauza. Currently enclosed in a tube. Dirty ponds were called "Bad".
During the reign of Peter I, traffic on the streets passing through the Myasnitsky and Pokrovsky gates became more lively. One road led to the palace village of Preobrazhenskoye and Nemetskaya Sloboda, the other - from the Ilyinsky Gate - to the palace villages of Rubtsovo, Semenovskoye, Izmailovo. Between these roads, under the protection of the wall of the White City, there was an old Gavrilovskaya patriarchal settlement with a church, houses, gardens and kitchen gardens of parishioners. The courtiers paid attention to these lands. A. D. Menshikov began to buy yards from the residents of Gavrilovskaya Sloboda, built a new church of the Archangel Gabriel (see "Science and Life" No. 4, 1989), laid out gardens, put in order the ponds, which since then have become known as Pure. In the house of the translator of the embassy order Andrei Krevet, next to the Menshikov Tower, the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences founded by Peter I was originally located.
Chistoprudny Boulevard
2. Ownership of the Moscow city post office (see "Science and Life" No. 11, 2000). In the late 1820s and early 1830s, blacksmith workshops, sheds for carriages and postal carriages began to be attached to the corner property of the Moscow Post Office from Chistye Prudy. The yard was surrounded by an iron fence. In the 1840s-1850s, according to the project of the architects A. Kavos and G. Bosse, more convenient premises were built for serving visitors. Later, two-story buildings were built up to six floors. In the 1860s, the Society of Art Lovers settled in one of the courtyard wings (under the chairmanship of A. S. Uvarov), where exhibitions of paintings were held, and public art readings were held. Famous authors read their works: A. N. Ostrovsky, A. N. Pleshcheev, A. F. Pisemsky, A. A. Fet, A. N. Maikov and others.
4. The three-story house at the Moscow Post Office was founded in May 1895 according to the project of the architect A. Popov. Construction cost 23 thousand rubles. The main façade overlooking Chistoprudny Boulevard is made in the so-called "brick" style using elements of ancient Russian architecture: columns, capitals, diamond-shaped inserts, kokoshniks. Initially, the brick was not plastered, later it was painted. The building housed the "House of Charity for Honored Elderly Members of the Postal and Telegraph Department". In the courtyard of the house in 1913 there was a veterinary clinic of A. A. Petrov. After 1917, the house was adapted for institutions and apartments. In 1922, the "Dry Cleaning Labor Association" - the "Gamma" artel - was located here. In one of the apartments in 1929 lived Alexander Vasilievich Sveshnikov, who was then the choirmaster of the Second Moscow Art Theater. Then the departmental polyclinic of the Moscow Post Office moved into the building.
6. The area on which this house is located was well developed even before the construction of the stone walls of the White City at the end of the 16th century. The site was part of the Gavrilovskaya Patriarchal Sloboda, first mentioned in a charter of 1551. On the surviving plans of the 18th century, this segment was occupied by servants of the church. In 1793, the head physician Ivan Martynovich Kreizel settled here with his daughter Eleanor. Then the state councilor, an outstanding Moscow physician, the author of the three-volume work "History of Medicine in Russia" Wilhelm (Vasily Mikhailovich) Richter (1765-1822) acquired the house. He was born in Moscow in the family of a Lutheran pastor. He graduated from Moscow University and became a professor there. He founded a hospital for students at the Noble University Boarding School, worked as the director of the maternity ward at the Moscow educational home, later became a life doctor. During the war of 1812, his home was also damaged. In 1817, the territory of this possession was acquired by Countess Elizaveta Fedorovna Musina-Pushkina (1758-1835), the widow of Alexei Semyonovich Musin-Pushkin (1730-1817), real Privy Councilor and diplomat. Her marble crypt, decorated with four columns, is still preserved at the Moscow Vvedensky cemetery (section 3). Elizaveta Fedorovna erected a building that contemporaries called the palace. In 1835, the plot with the house passed to Colonel Ivan Petrovich Musin-Pushkin (1783-1863), and then to his son Ivan, whose wife was a philanthropist and an honorary member of the Council of Ladies' Guardianship of the Poor.
In the mid-1870s, the owner allowed the then popular Doctor of Medicine Viktor Stepanovich Bogoslovsky to open a "Pneumatic Hospital" with permanent beds and a "Hydropathic" in this house. In 1891, the property was acquired by the Society of Moscow - Kiev-Voronezh railway. Then, according to the project of architects D. Chichagov and S. Sokolov, the building was rebuilt, and in 1896 the third and fourth floors were built on. After 1917, the Office of the Moscow Central Radio Center and several faculties of the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers were located here.
In 1925, the building was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR. A. V. Lunacharsky was the People's Commissar of Education, and M. N. Pokrovsky was his deputy. N. K. Krupskaya was appointed a member of the political and educational committee. A variety of groups worked in the science sector (former Glavnauka): natural science, socio-economic, pedagogical, scientific and artistic, local history, training on scientific business trips, a committee for the study of Mordovian culture. A great deal of work was carried out by the expert commission for improving the life of scientists (TSEKUBU), whose chairman was M. N. Pokrovsky, and the deputy - O. N. Schmidt. For teachers, magazines were published: "On the Way to a New School", "Communist Education", "What to Read in the Village", "Red Librarian", "Be Prepared", "Club", "Soviet Art". The All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature united 1200 people. Within the walls of the current house number 6, a library on pedagogy issues arose, but soon its funds increased, and it moved to another building (now it is the Central Pedagogical Library named after K. D. Ushinsky). In the 1930s, the building housed the All-Russian Beethoven Society. The club hall of the People's Commissariat of Education accommodated 300 people. The house is associated with the name of the writer Mikhail Bulgakov, who visited here on literary and theatrical business. In the novel "The Master and Margarita" there is a mention that the "Acoustic Commission" was allegedly located in this house. In 1934, the writer Herbert Wells visited Narkompros. There are two memorial plaques on the wall of the building: one - in memory of N. K. Krupskaya (1959), the other - in memory of A. V. Lunacharsky (1986).
8. The first information about the development of this territory dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when there were five independent possessions on it. A significant part of the area was occupied by gardens with ponds, the buildings were mostly wooden, but the main ones were built of stone. It is known that until 1756 there was the property of Vasily Kuzmich Dumashev (1695-1753), the palace servant of Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. From 1756 to 1780, the owner of the property was the Armenian merchant Aron Izrailevich Izrailev, then the prince, Privy Councilor Ivan Andreevich Vyazemsky. In 1774, the property was acquired by Nikolai Maksimovich Pokhodyashin, a proviant master, owner of copper smelters, famous for his wealth. His brother - Grigory Maksimovich Pokhodyashin - was a freemason and assistant in the affairs of the famous educator, book publisher Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov. From him in 1785, ownership passes to Evgeny Petrovich Kashkin (1736-1796), a participant in the Russian-Turkish war. He was the governor-general of the Tobolsk province, then the governor of the Yaroslavl, Vologda, Tula and Kaluga provinces. His son Dmitry (1771-1843) is a major general, writer and translator, and his grandson Sergei Nikolaevich Kashkin (1799-1868) is a Decembrist, a member of the Northern Society and the secret Decembrist organization "Practical Union". In the 1780s, two more properties adjoined this property - Ekaterina Mikhailovna Protasova, the general's widow, and Ekaterina Ivanovna Bakhmeteva. In 1803, the possessions passed to Agrafena Alekseevna Durasova (b. 1775), the wife, and then the widow of Lieutenant General Mikhail Zinovievich Durasov (b. 1772). The facade of the main building of the Durasovs is recorded in the "Album" by M. F. Kazakov. Since the end of the 18th century, the main house has been located in the center of the estate, which still exists today. In 1833, the property was bought by the "Commission for the construction in Moscow", which by 1850 was replaced by the Board of the IV District of Communications. After 1917, the property was used for publishing and printing activities.
In 1930, a five-story building for a printing house was built in the depths of the site. In the 1950s, the building, erected on the old foundation, was built up to six floors and connected with the newly built one (architects I. Bibikov, A. Nazarov and others). The Moskovsky Rabochiy publishing house, founded in 1922, was located here, until 1991 it published literature on Moscow studies. Magazines were published: "Urban economy of Moscow", "Architecture and construction of Moscow". In 1970-1980, the local history editorial office published several popular series ("Biography of a Moscow House", "Biography of a Moscow Monument"), local history literature on the Moscow region, and guidebooks around Moscow were published.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the city wall of the White City went through the passage from the Butcher's Gate to the Pokrovsky Gate. According to the "act books" of Moscow of that time, one can trace how residential areas began to form here. Possession of artillery controller Grigory Fedorovich Korin - 75 fathoms along the street and up to 30 fathoms in the boundaries. In 1752, the possessions of Dr. L. L. Blumentros and Sergey Ivanovich Svinin were located, and the property of Vasily Dumashev adjoined on the third side. From 1752 to 1780, the owner of this territory was a lieutenant, then captain Sergei Vasilyevich Sheremetev, after him a certain warrant officer Kozlov, and from the beginning of the 19th century, Sergei Stepanovich Ovchinnikov, a Moscow merchant of Barashevskaya Sloboda, the father of a large family, became the owner. In 1863, the estate passed to the family of the merchant Tupitsyn (until 1917).
The Tupitsyn family was engaged in flour trade for many years and bore the title of hereditary honorary citizens. The vast territory of the property was occupied by a garden and various outbuildings in the yard, stables, sheds and residential outbuildings along the street. The modern two buildings along Chistoprudny Boulevard arose in 1871-1873 according to the design of the architect August Egorovich Weber. The first building is two-story, and the second - three-story (up to six floors). At the beginning of the 20th century, the property housed: the Russian Telegraph Office, the Karl Ernst Medical Institution, the Morgan Joint Stock Company, which delivered graphite. There lived an artist of the opera troupe of the Moscow Imperial Theater Alexander Nikolaevich Gerasimenko. The apartment was occupied by the merchant Rudolf Levinson, who supplied buyers with linen and various haberdashery. His son Nikolai (1888-1966) became a Moscow historian, archaeologist, and Pushkinist. He studied at the Moscow real school at the Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Michael, a member of the "Old Moscow" society. He devoted his life to the repair and restoration of historical monuments in Moscow and the Moscow region. After 1917, he did a lot of work to save confiscated private collections, was engaged in saving museum estates, Moscow mansions of the 17th-19th centuries. From 1926 to 1930, being an expert at the Department of the Commission of Museums in the People's Commissariat of Education, he examined about 500 estates. Since 1932 he worked at the State Historical Museum (in the department of metal products). He took part in archaeological work during the construction of the subway. In the 1930s, together with N. P. Chulkov and P. N. Miller, he wrote the book "Pushkin's Moscow" (published in 1937), which was a great success. During the demolition of the Red Gates, he personally pulled out a copper figure of a trumpeting "fama" (angel) removed and prepared for scrap from a pile of bricks and brought it to Historical Museum. He also delivered valuable blacksmith's metal products found during the dismantling of ancient walls and buildings to the Historical Museum. He died in 1966 and was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow.
10a. On the mansion, on the right side of the extension, attention is drawn to the artistic decor with miniature rosettes, wreaths, in the center of which is a flying dove supported by ribbons.
12. In the middle of the XVIII century this territory was occupied by several possessions. On the surviving plan of 1763, we see in the center the courtyard of the family of Lieutenant Pyotr Alekseevich Chirikov. Behind adjoined the garden of Ivan Fedorovich Michurin (1700-1763) - the famous architect. He participated in drawing up the general plan of Moscow (1734-1739), in the construction of the bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra (since 1740), built St. Andrew's Church in Kiev (designed by V.V. Rastrelli in 1748-1763). On one side was the courtyard of Ekaterina Saltykova, and on the other, there was the garden of the pharmacist Suls, behind it, next to the Michurin garden, was the courtyard of Prince Baryatinsky. In the yard of the Chirikovs, there were mainly wooden buildings. The eastern half of the site was a garden, in the middle of which there was a large pond, and next to it were baths and a smithy.
In the 40s of the 18th century, this was the property of Prince Dmitry Vasilyevich Golitsyn. The second property adjoining it belonged to Lavrenty Lavrentievich Blumentrost (1692-1755), a famous physician. He was born in Moscow; A contemporary spoke of him as follows: "Mr. President Blumentrost is a man of great learning, exceptional intelligence and rare courtesy." Appointed Senior Physician of the Moscow General Hospital and Director of the Moscow Hospital School. Prepared a large number of doctors for Moscow. In 1754, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna inscribed in a resolution on the project of Moscow University: "And the curators should be chamberlain Shuvalov and Lavrenty Blumentrost." Then his possession passes to Ekaterina Alekseevna Saltykova (nee Princess Troekurova), the widow of Major General Count Vladimir Semenovich Saltykov (1705-1751). After her, Andrey Yakovlevich Maslov became the owner, and by 1790 all this united territory passed from him to Daria Ivanovna Pashkova, the wife, and then the widow of the collegiate assessor Alexander Ilyich Pashkov. Their heirs: son Ivan Alexandrovich (1758-1828), grandson Sergei Ivanovich (1801-1883) and his wife Nadezhda Sergeevna, nee Princess Dolgorukova (1811-1880). A. S. Pushkin was familiar with this family.
On the site of the outbuildings that stood along the boundaries of the property, the Pashkovs arranged a front yard. In 1789-1792, the main house was built in the style of classicism, with a portico on both facades and a driveway in the center. smashed new garden, in the southern part, an overgrown pond was preserved and ennobled.
The Pashkovs' house was famous for its hospitality. The poetess Dodo Sushkova (1811-1858), the wife of Count Rostopchin, lived here. Having lost her mother early, she was brought up by her grandfather and grandmother - Ivan Alexandrovich and Evdokia Nikolaevna Pashkov. The Pashkovs celebrated Maslenitsa every year and arranged "luge rides" for acquaintances. March 31, 1831 A. S. Pushkin and his wife were in the same sleigh with Dodo Sushkova. Pushkin was delighted with his interlocutor. Their friends often gathered at the Pashkovs'. V. M. Bulgakov wrote to his brother in January 1832: “Yesterday the gypsies sang at the Pashkovs. It must be admitted that their choir has something extraordinary and harmony, amazing singing, some kind of incomprehensible mixture of dull and cheerful, sometimes sad, sometimes from a chair raises: so he would go to dance.
Frequent feasts with the invitation of musicians, artists, numerous acquaintances from the literary environment and an almost daily game of cards deprived Pashkov of his huge fortune. The property goes to the treasury, which transfers it to accommodate the state reserve pharmacy. Architect E. D. Tyurin adapts the mansion for an office and a warehouse for medicines. By the middle of the 19th century, the wings of the main house received extensions along the boundaries of the courtyard. The pond in the garden was almost overgrown by this time. The district engineering department placed the axis in the rebuilt estate. On the sides of the boulevard, multi-storey buildings were erected. From the neighboring Potapovsky lane (house 7) one can still see the remaining walls of the Pashkovsky mansion.
12a. On the site of the pond that was here in the year of the centenary of the battle of Borodino, according to the project of military engineer P. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov, they began to build a wooden building for the panorama "Battle of Borodino". The artist - the founder of the Russian school of panoramic painting Franz Roubaud (1856-1928). The finished panorama canvas, 113 meters long and 15 meters wide, was delivered from the artist's Munich workshop. It captures the moment of the battle at 12:30 pm on August 26, 1812, when our troops gained significant advantages over the enemy. On August 29, 1912, the grand opening of the Borodino panorama, as it was then called, took place, and two days later it became available for public viewing. After the festivities, the leadership of neighboring institutions began to seek the demolition of the wooden building, as it was extremely dangerous in terms of fire. In early 1918, the building fell into disrepair, and the painting was removed. It became available to the public again only on the eve of the 150th anniversary: on October 18, 1962, a new museum was opened on Kutuzovsky Prospekt. In 1925-1927, a six-story house was erected on the site of the dismantled panorama building, and then another floor was built on. In the group of buildings erected on the territory former estate Pashkov, includes an administrative building (1926, architect A.P. Golubev), built for the leather syndicate (later the building of the Ministry of Procurement of the Republic) with apartments for employees. In 1929-1931, a building for military families was built here. Many famous artists lived in houses No. 12 and 12a.
14. The tenement house of the Church of the Trinity on Gryazi was designed in 1908-1909 by the architect Lev Krovetsky, and built by the architect Pyotr K. Mikini, the artist - S. Vashkov. The decor is based on the carved stone decoration of the ancient Dmitrovsky Cathedral in Vladimir. The reliefs depict a bizarre animal world(fantastic animals and birds). Initially, the four-storey house had an expressive silhouette and was crowned with two hipped towers. The facade is decorated with a terracotta bas-relief, stylized in a somewhat grotesque manner, made by the Murava art team. Decorator S. Vashkov settled in the house, where he died in November 1914. In 1945, the house was built on two upper floors, which led to the destruction of a number of upper bas-reliefs, and violated the compositional unity of the plan.
16. In the middle of the 18th century, there was a large part of the vast estate of the outstanding architect of that time, Ivan Fedorovich Michurin. In the eastern part of the property there was a pond, small stone chambers and wooden outbuildings. After Michurin's death, the property passed to his son, who in 1770 retained only part of the property adjoining Pokrovka, and sold the rest to retired major N. I. Tolmachev. The sold part of the property by the beginning of the 19th century increased the territory of the Pashkovs. The pond was drained, the old chambers were demolished. A mansion appeared with an outbuilding, which was built on the second floor in 1843. The then owners were A.P. Marten, and then I.N. Yartsov. In the 1850s, a third floor superstructure appeared. In 1871, according to a spiritual will, the owner E. V. Molchanov, who bought two more small properties, donated the property to the Trinity Church on Gryazy. In 1908, a four-story house was built, the facade of which was decorated by the artist S. V. Malyutin based on the ancient Russian miniature. The building, built at the end of the 18th century, has also been preserved.
A historical and, frankly, atmospheric place for a walk in the center of Moscow is Chistye Prudy. A labyrinth of streets with old houses and signs on them with the names of people who were born, created masterpieces or simply stayed here for a while, form a kind of museum under open sky. So everything here is permeated with the spirit of history and creativity. Well, go ahead: we reach the Chistye Prudy metro station and here they are, protected spiritual places, stretching from Myasnitskaya to Pokrovskaya Square.
History of Chistye Prudy
There are several versions of the history of Chistye Prudy. A more well-known version is that in the 17th century there was a slaughterhouse in the area, and the sewage merged into local reservoirs, then there were three such ponds, called filthy ones. After the order of Peter I, these lands were granted to his favorite, Prince Menshikov. Part of the reservoirs, by order of the prince, was drained, and the largest of them was cleaned, at the same time a ban was imposed on water pollution. From that moment on, Chistye Prudy became the historical name of the place, retaining the plural form in the name, as a tribute to the past. 
Today it is a walking area and a cultural and historical park. Chistoprudny Boulevard is a wide park alley for walks, which extends to the Chistye Prudy health-improving center, and behind this building, to Pokrovsky Gate Square, there is the pond itself. You can rent a bike to tour the nearby historical sites or walk along the pond, feed the ducks and watch the swans. 
Cultural and historical places of the Chistye Prudy park
Let's go through the most iconic places favorite route for tour guides. The beginning of the park zone of Chistoprudny Boulevard begins at the monument to Griboyedov, the author of the classic work Woe from Wit. On the pedestal you can see a high relief depicting the heroes of comedy. The monument was created by sculptor Apollon Manuilov and installed in 1959 on the site of an abstract sculpture by Russian anarchist Mikhail Bunin. The latter was dismantled at the request of members of the public for an incomprehensible futuristic approach to its creation. Griboyedov himself lived for some time on Myasnitskaya Street, at number 42, where he completed the well-known comedy, and therefore the place was chosen logically. 
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A walk along Chistoprudny Boulevard, on the left side, will lead us to house 19. The historic building, created by the architect Roman Klein in the early twentieth century in the neoclassical style, was the premises of the previously famous cinema "Coliseum". And in 1974, the building housed and now houses the Sovremennik Theater. One of the founders and the first artistic director of the theater was Oleg Efremov, who largely determined the stylistic feature of the theater - to speak with the audience about eternal truths in the language of contemporary art. 
Moving along Chistoprudny in the direction of the Pokrovsky Gates, geographically completing the Chistye Prudy district, you can go to the Church of the Trinity on Gryazakh, which is located on Pokrovka Street. Next to it is another architectural masterpiece - a tenement house that previously belonged to the church, built at the beginning of the 20th century. Its design is curious: bas-reliefs on the levels from the 2nd to the 4th floor depicting fantastic animals, birds and trees. Designed by S. Vashkov and P. Mikini. Thanks to these images, the building received the name "House with animals." The upper floors were added in 1945, so the building looks fragmentary unfinished. Partially, this house is visible in the frames of the film "The meeting place cannot be changed." 
"House with animals" is adjacent to the modern cinema "Rolan", located in the house number 12. It bears the name of the talented actor Rolan Bykov. Previously, the Borodino Panorama was located here, now it has been moved to Kutuzovsky Prospekt. 
Further - along Chistoprudny we go to Arkhangelsky Lane, turning onto which we will see the Menshikov Tower. Alexander Menshikov, “a childless minion of happiness,” ordered the construction of a huge stone church near his farmstead on the site of a dilapidated church. The construction of this building was carried out with the participation of Italian architects. The temple tower, built in the Baroque style, surpassed the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in height. But the “semi-powerful ruler,” as Pushkin called Menshikov, did not calm down on this. Alexander Danilovich bought a chiming clock in London for a fabulous sum, which they installed on the temple. The clock chimed the hour, half an hour and a quarter - which was not the case on the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower. The celebration was complete, but short-lived. Lightning cut down the spire, and the clock - their age turned out to be short - was dismantled and brought to the Cannon Yard. 
Modernity of Chistye Prudy Park
A walk along Chistoprudny Boulevard is not only historical monuments and tribute to the past. This is an active recreation area that attracts different generations and representatives of cultures to the alleys. Representatives of the modern underground like to gather here. "At Griboyedov's" is a favorite place for romantic meetings. Both native Muscovites and guests of the capital want to come here to see with their own eyes the stories inspired by the touching melody performed by Igor Talkov, illustrations by masters of painting and works of art. 
