The United Arab Emirates is a relatively young federal state. The Federation was established on December 2, 1971. The structure includes 6 emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm Al Quwain, Ajman and Fujairah. The Emirate of Ras al Khaimah became part of a year later, in 1972. Thus, the history of the United Arab Emirates covers the last 50 years. This story is fast and impetuous, unparalleled in terms of speed and pace of development. In a very short period of time, the country has turned from a desert into a developed state, where the most daring dreams and ideas come true. But more on that later.

Historical finds

Now I would like to go back many centuries and see what the territory of the modern United Arab Emirates was like in the past, who inhabited these lands, and what interesting history can bring us.

Let me start with an amazing discovery made by a group of German scientists from the University of Tübingen in the northeast of the United Arab Emirates. This discovery has expanded our understanding of the prehistoric period in the UAE. In the hilly range of Jebel Faya, an hour's drive from the Emirate of Sharjah, stone tools were found. The age of these tools is estimated at 120-130 thousand years. The owners of the found tools are modern people - Homo Sapiens, who penetrated the Arabian Peninsula through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Scientists attributed these finds to the prehistoric period "Homo sapiens of the Middle Paleolithic." Also, not far from the Emirate of Sharjah, archaeologists have found artifacts dating back to the Neolithic, Iron and Bronze Ages.

The discoveries made on the territory of the United Arab Emirates turned the ideas of modern scientists about the path of human migration from the African continent upside down. Previously, most scientists believed that the first migration to Asia occurred 40-60 thousand years ago. Now this time period has doubled, reaching the figure of 120 thousand years ago.

From the depths of centuries

Now let's fast forward to ancient times. The United Arab Emirates is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf, the coast of which was inhabited as early as the 5th millennium BC. e. Presumably, these were pastoral tribes from northern Arabia and the Syrian desert.

In the third millennium BC. The United Arab Emirates became part of the Magan civilization, which this moment practically not studied by modern historians. Presumably, this civilization was originally from Iran or Pakistan. The state of Magan actively traded copper with Mesopotamia.

Later, in the I-II centuries BC. on the territory of the modern United Arab Emirates lived ancient Semitic tribes, from which the ancient Arab people subsequently developed.

The territory of the United Arab Emirates is a sandy desert, where it is difficult to find water, where there is practically no vegetation. Only in rare green oases can you find water and grow date palms , where of the animals there are only camels. It was camels that became the basis for the survival of the inhabitants of these lands. Camels made it possible for the Bedouins to lead a nomadic life, helping them to travel long distances in search of water and food. Clothing was made from camel hair. Camel meat and milk were the main food of the Arabs.

The ancient history of the United Arab Emirates before the adoption of Islam is called by the locals “the time of jahiliyyah”, which means “time of ignorance” in Arabic. Islam came to these lands in the Middle Ages. In the 7th century AD small sheikhs located along south coast Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman, became part of the Arab Caliphate, which spread among local residents Islam. During this period, the cities of Dubai, Sharjah, El Fujairah arose.

As the Caliphate weakened, the sheikhs received more and more autonomy. In the 8th century, many territories left the Arab Caliphate, becoming different time either wholly independent or partially dependent states. It was at this moment that the emirates, small states, were formed.

So the local sheikhs (emirates) lived until the 16th century, when they began to fall under the control of European powers. Initially, the territory of the UAE was captured by the Portuguese, and then by the British. European powers controlled maritime trade and port cities.

Bedouins, caravans, desert

While the world was developing, the local people mostly lived in the desert and traded with the help of camel caravans. The Bedouins survived as best they could and no one, in a rapidly developing world, did not care about them. They suffered from a very high temperature, they were tormented by thirst, they ate very simple, meager, monotonous food. The Bedouins had practically no educational institutions, there was no health care system, life expectancy was very short. During these times, Dubai was a small village, where the height of the houses did not exceed two floors.

The pearl trade helped the Arabs to survive. It was the pearl trade that occupied the lion's share in the economy of the emirates, accounting for approximately 95% of all revenues to the treasury. Dubai has been called the "pearl coast". But only divers for pearls know how hard it was to get it. The danger of being eaten by predatory fish in the Persian Gulf, sea salt that corroded the eyes, pressure drops, all this affected the health of the diver, leading to deafness and blindness. The life of a pearl diver was short, and the profession passed from generation to generation.

The two world wars, the crisis of 1929 and the introduction of synthetic Japanese pearls took a toll on the pearl industry in the United Arab Emirates.

Oil changed everything

In the 50s of the twentieth century, oil was found on the territory of the United Arab Emirates. It was the second key moment in the history of the country. No one even imagined that there was at least a drop of oil on the territory of the United Arab Emirates. But there was oil. And it was enough to exist comfortably.

By this time, the League of Arab States was actively fighting for the right of all Arab peoples for independence. International pressure forced the British to withdraw. But the British left these territories only by 1971. It was at this moment that the history of the UAE as an independent state began. In 1971, 6 emirates announced the creation of an independent state - the United Arab Emirates.

The rapid growth of the UAE economy, the sharp rise in prices for "black gold" in 1973 gave impetus to the country's unprecedented rapid development. The UAE has become one of the countries with the highest standard of living.

With a barrel price of $75, oil revenues were about $150 million a day. The government of the United Arab Emirates, headed by Sheikh Zayed, used this money very wisely. First of all, a course was taken to improve the lives of local residents. In the Emirates, they began to build houses, hospitals, schools, and began to import food. Enormous funds were spent on the construction of desalination plants. Now the United Arab Emirates ranks second after Saudi Arabia in terms of desalinated water produced.

Harmonious oasis of the future

The United Arab Emirates can be safely called a country of millionaires. It is simply impossible for a local resident to become poor, only in the case of a conscious rejection of all the benefits that the state provides him. Free water and electricity in homes, $100,000 wedding gifts for newlyweds, a piece of land, and a $20,000 birth subsidy for each child are just some of the examples of how the government of the United Arab Emirates cares about its citizens.

The country has shown itself financially and militarily on the world stage. The latter made it possible to prevent military encroachments from neighboring countries. Iran once took advantage of the formation of a single state of the UAE and took three oil-rich islands for itself and never returned them to the Emirates.

In order to avoid dependence on the “oil needle”, the government of the United Arab Emirates made a wise decision to differentiate the economy and invest Money in various projects around the world.

Huge investments are directed to the construction and tourism sectors, to the development of agriculture and trade. Many international companies have opened subsidiaries and representative offices in the United Arab Emirates.

At the moment, oil revenues account for 18% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates, tourism brings about the same amount to the country. The main source of income for the UAE is trade and financial transactions.

Differentiating the country's economy, the United Arab Emirates wanted to create something durable and stable, and, it must be admitted, they succeeded in this.

High revenues from oil exports and far-sighted management of money ensured the prosperity and development of the UAE in all areas of the economy. Now the United Arab Emirates is one of the richest countries in the world. And although the majority of the population of the United Arab Emirates at the moment are immigrants, local residents control all sources of income in the country.

Now it’s hard for all of us to imagine that just recently, instead of roads with multi-level interchanges, luxury hotels, beautiful parks and unique sights, there was an endless desert and lonely Bedouin villages.

Transcription of geographical names is given according to the Middle East and directories of the USSR and the Russian Federation

The territory of the UAE has long been inhabited by humans. Archaeologists have discovered traces of people living here who lived in the 5th millennium BC. The ancient Sumerians and Assyrians called the area of ​​the Gulf Dilmun, believing that there is a paradise, and took the bodies of the dead for burial on the island of Bahrain. The ancient Greeks called the bay “Thylos”, which means “pearl”, because such valuable pearls were mined in its waters. Iranians call it Persian, Arabs call it Arabian, and in the rest of the world they most often use the word “Gulf”.

The British on their maps designated the coast of the future Emirates as the "Pirate Coast", and from the middle of the 19th century. after the signing of a number of peace agreements with local sheikhs - "Treaty Oman". The ancestors of the inhabitants of the UAE called their land Es-Syr” - “homeland”, and the coast - “Es-Sif”. By the way, Es-Sif is called the embankment along the bay-creek in Dubai on the side of Bar Dubai and the embankment in El Kuwait). The inhabitants of southern and southeastern Arabia called these lands "Esh-Shimal" ("north").

In the toponymy of the Emirates can be found geographical names, reflecting the history of the settlement of the country in the middle of the 18th century by Yemeni tribes. That period was a time of great upheaval for Arabia. Three dry years in a row, inter-tribal wars over springs and pastures, plague and cholera epidemics caused the migration of tribes from various parts of the peninsula to the Gulf coast. The ancestors of the inhabitants of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the Emirates settled on the deserted coast at that time. Yesterday's Bedouins became "marine Arabs" - fishermen, sailors, pearl divers and shipbuilders.

Constant tribal clashes forced the Arabians to unite, creating a kind of military blocs. Some such alliances numbered tens of thousands of warriors, for example, the Anaza confederation could field 60 thousand warriors. Among them was the association of Bani Yas, which included more than 15 Yemeni tribes numbering about 15 thousand men. The Bani Yas tribes were not rich: they had only 180 horses and 400 camels. The founder of Bani Yas is considered to be mentioned in the manuscripts of the mid-16th century. Yemeni Sheikh Mohammed Yasi. Bani Yas literally translates as “sons of Yasi”.

The Bani Yas tribes first settled in the chain of small oases of Liwa and Salva, and then began to develop the coast. The name of the large island-reserve Syr Bani Yas in the south of the UAE shows that the tribes lived on it for some time. Today, the name of Bani Yas is a town 40 km east of Abu Dhabi, streets and squares of various cities in the country.

Abu Dhabi

In literal translation, the name of the emirate and the capital of the UAE means “father of the gazelle”. There is a legend that in the middle of the 18th century. a local hunter wounded a gazelle (“dabi” in the local dialect). In the heat of the chase, he crossed the sea channel that separated the deserted lifeless island, which the Bedouins called “Maliha” (“Salty”) from the mainland, and, getting lost there, died of thirst. Not far from his body and the dead gazelle, the tribesmen found a spring, which they called “Abu Dhabi”. This spring key, 2 km south of the Corniche, is still preserved.

Subsequently, people found several more sources of water and began to settle around them. For the first time, the village of Abu Dhabi is mentioned in the notes of an assistant British political agent in Bombay who traveled in 1761 across the Gulf. He counted in it about 400 “barasti” huts made of reeds, or rather, from palm leaves, and indicated that the inhabitants were engaged in fishing.

There is another, more prosaic, but most likely plausible version of the appearance of the name “Abu Dhabi”. In the Eastern Arabian dialect of Arabic, the word "Abu" - not only "father", but also "rich" in something, is often used to denote the abundance of something. You yourself can translate, for example, “abu dollar”.

Local residents have long noticed that at low tide, herds of gazelles moved to the island and went to the watering place. Therefore, “Abu Dhabi” means “a place abounding with gazelles”, or simply “gazelles”. This version is also supported by the fact that the island was originally called “Umm Dhabi” (“mother of the gazelles”, or see above). Located near Abu Dhabi, the island is called Umm Nar - "Fiery". The village, and then the entire island and the territory of the current emirate of Abu Dhabi, began to be called by the name of the source.

Dubai

The name of the second-largest emirate and its capital of the same name comes from the Arabic name for a juvenile of one of the locust species - the sixth locust (in Arabic, the locust is “dibba”, and the diminutive derivative word is “dubai”.

How does it sound in Russian - "locust"?. Perhaps this name is due to the fact that here was a place of periodic breeding of locusts, which love moist soil. Judging by the preserved name of the urban area “Bur Dubai” (“Locust Well”), there was once a well here. By the way, the locust is immortalized in the name of another Emirati city - Dibba on east coast. Another district of Dubai - Deira in the local dialect simply means "village".

Sharjah

The name of the city and the emirate comes from the Arabic word "sharq" - "east", which in the local dialect is pronounced as "sharj".

Ajman

The name of the smallest among the Arab Emirates, most likely, was given in honor of the once strong Ajman tribal confederation, in which there were about 5 thousand warriors. There is another version: in Arabic “ajm” means “non-Arabs, foreigners, Persians”. In this interpretation, "Ajman" can be translated as "non-Arabic, hostile place."

Umm El Qaiwain

The locals pronounce the name of the city and the emirate Umm al-Ghaywin, which in the local dialect means “place of two lowlands” (“hollows”), which reflects geographical relief peninsula of the same name, where the city is located.

Ras Al Khaimah

"Cape of the Tent". According to legend, the leader of one of the local tribes once chose a cape for his headquarters, pitching his tent there. According to legend, the Queen of Sheba stopped at this place for the night while traveling to Solomon.

fujairah

Derived from the name of a large mountain spring, which still supplies water to several villages in the emirate. Derived from the Arabic word with the root “fajara”, meaning “to overflow, gush, gush (of a source)”.

Tatyana Solomatina

Country UAE: luxury in the desert

If you are going to visit the country for the first time, you just need to know the initial information, so I recommend that you read the article to the end.

UAE stands for United Arab Emirates. The name speaks for itself, the state consists of seven emirates. Abu Dhabi is the largest of them, its emir is the president of this country, and the city of Abu Dhabi is the capital of the state. The country of the UAE has good oil reserves, which is the main source of income for the country.

The UAE is located in the east of the Arabian Peninsula, partly washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. The main part of the country is occupied by the largest desert, Rub al-Khale. The northern and eastern regions are dominated by mountainous terrain.

The government of the country has developed a special program for the creation of green oases, which is being successfully implemented. V major cities a lot of green vegetation brought here from municipal parks.

Climate

It is very hot in the UAE, there are often sandstorms. In summer, the air temperature is about +45 degrees, in winter +20 - +22 degrees. Precipitation is rare, mostly in winter. At night, the temperature drops slightly.

Population and religion

The UAE is a Muslim country with a population of 9 million people, while indigenous people is only 11%. The rest of the residents are immigrants from Pakistan, India, Nepal and other countries who came here to work. Most of the people living here are not citizens of the state.

Language and currency

The official language of the UAE country is Arabic. However, many residents communicate in Hindi, Farsi and English. Because of the abundance Russian tourists, employees of some shops and hotels know a little Russian.

Since 1973, the official currency has been the dirham (Dh).

Visa

In order to enter the country, a visa is required and it is expensive. Moreover, the price directly depends on the time of stay in the country. A regular tourist visa for a trip up to 30 days will cost 8,000 rubles. The transit card is valid for 96 hours and costs 5,500 rubles.

Get the coveted stamp at the UAE Embassy (website http://www.uae-embassy.ru/rco01.htm), is possible only for holders of a diplomatic passport. Ordinary citizens draw up documents through visa centers, special services of airlines or use the help of a travel operator.

When processing documents, it should be borne in mind that single girls under 30 years old, unaccompanied by male relatives, will not be given permission to enter the country.

Important addition!

From February 1, 2017 to citizens Russian Federation planning tourist trips to the United Arab Emirates, visas are not required in advance.

Upon arrival at any airport in the UAE, citizens of the Russian Federation issue a visa on arrival for a period of 30 days free of charge. A visa can be extended once for 30 days by contacting the immigration department in the UAE in advance, for an additional fee.

V South-East Asia, in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula there is a rather young, but developing state at a crazy pace - United Arab Emirates.

UAE is the embodiment of all facets oriental flavor with ultra-modern level of services and services. The country literally strives to become the first in everything: here are the most best hotels in the world, like mushrooms in a rainy autumn, handsome skyscrapers grow one higher than the other, the tight wallets of Arab sheikhs have long been the subject of envy. Variety and scale shopping centers beckon and drive shopaholics from all over the world crazy, and jewelry stores will tuck the most colorfully decorated New Year tree into their belts - gold is piled up here in mountains, for every taste and budget. At the same time, the UAE pleases with excellent endless beaches with the purest sand, warm, crystal water of the Persian Gulf, paradise oases right in the middle of the desert, excellent sunny weather all year round. Choice excursion routes amazes with its variety, the range of entertainment nullifies even the slightest possibility of a boring pastime, both day and night.

An anecdote involuntarily comes to mind: “When passing by the building of the GazNeft company, you understand that you are passing by a beautiful life. Rather, a beautiful life is passing you by. V UAE for the natives, everything is exactly the opposite. The Father of the Nation, Sheikh Zayed, with feeling, with sense, with the arrangement, took care of the happy and comfortable fate of every indigenous person, thus rewarding them for past suffering.

Story

The history of the Emirates is rooted in a very distant past. But the real breakthrough happened only in the middle of the twentieth century. Being a British colony, not yet united United Arab Emirates were absolutely unremarkable - a typical backward state, with a poor and illiterate population. It was the British at the end of the 50s who discovered the untold riches of the subsoil, which became the main locomotive, in an unprecedented short time stretched the state to the TOP of successfully developing countries.

Geographical position.

The UAE is located on the territory of 83,600 square kilometers, surrounded by wealthy neighbors, to match itself - the Kingdom Saudi Arabia, the State of Qatar and the Sultanate of Oman.

CLIMATE in the United Arab Emirates is dry subtropical. To see the rain here, you have to try very hard. The number of rainy days in a non-dry year can reach 10, but it also happens that precipitation for a whole year does not fall at all. The air temperature in summer reaches +35 ... +43, in winter it does not fall below +13. The water in the bay warms up to +33 in summer, and cools down to +16 in winter.

State device.

UAE- one of the richest countries in the world, and the fact that it is a little over 40 years old only adds respect and admiration! The country's first financial successes are associated with the start of production and export of "black gold" in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1962. And already in 1971, 6 Arab emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Fujairah and Sharjah) decided that only together they would have a dizzying future and united into a confederation - the United Arab Emirates. A year later, another emirate of Ras al-Khaimah joined them. The capital is Abu Dhabi. The administration of the state is in the competence of the Supreme Council, and each emirate is governed by a local sheikh. They speak in the Emirates, mainly in English, but official language is Arabic.

Customs.

In a country with fairly strict regulations, there are naturally restrictions on the importation of certain goods. So, without problems, you can carry no more than 10 blocks of cigarettes or 400 cigars, or 2 kg of tobacco. For alcoholic products - no more than 2 liters of wine and 2 liters of more strong drinks. All these limits apply to every adult non-Muslim tourist. Cosmetics / perfumes can be carried within reasonable limits of personal needs.

Very carefully you need to collect a tourist first aid kit - codeine and codeine-containing drugs are strictly prohibited. Prescription drugs can only be carried with a translated prescription. In the post-Soviet space, codeine is often used in antipyretic, antitussive and painkillers, so the first-aid kit should be given special attention in order to avoid trouble at the UAE airport. Not everyone is checked, selectively, but in Lately more often.

There are features of the policy of entry into the country. Tourists from Israel are not allowed to enter the UAE. Also, with a high probability, they may refuse a visa to unmarried girls under 30 years old traveling on their own. Only with mom / dad or already with her husband.

Money.

Dirham (AED) - national currency United Arab Emirates, equals 100 fils. It has been stable against the dollar for many years (the exchange rate is 1 dollar = 3.67 dirhams). Even at the airport there is such a course, which in general is a rarity in our harsh everyday life. In everyday life there are banknotes in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 dirhams. Also in use are coins in denominations of 5, 10, 25 fils and 1 dirham. It is better to bring dollars with you, if you wish, you can pay with them, but you will be given change in dirhams. Import / export of both foreign and national currency - without restrictions.

Cloth.

The UAE is a Muslim country, the moral rules of the locals are high and highly respected, it is strongly not recommended for tourists to violate them, even for desperate tourists from the post-Soviet space. Therefore, you need to pack your suitcase in the Emirates wisely, do not be zealous with short T-shirts, skirts, shorts, tight-fitting things and put aside all clothes with a deep neckline until a more suitable occasion. Swimming trunks and swimwear are allowed only on the beach or by the pool in a hotel; it is not permissible to move around the city in this form, even in a pareo. Sunglasses and hats will also come in handy.

Transport.

Public transport poorly developed, most of the natives have their own iron horses, tourists often use taxi services. Buses are used primarily by visiting workers. In the cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, a bus service has been established between the main shopping centers. All buses are modern, always with air conditioning, they run strictly according to the schedule. Tickets are sold by the driver at stops, in a Dubai bus the fare is 1.5 dirhams, entrance is only through the front door. Some emirates' capitals also have bus service.

All self-respecting hotels provide their tourists with buses that will take them to the city center, shopping centers and beaches with a breeze and completely free of charge.

The most common and popular transport is a taxi. The cheapest way is to stop a passing taxi. A little more expensive (a few dirhams) to take a taxi from the hotel. The counter may be absent, then the price of the trip must be agreed in advance. Trade is appropriate. There is an Airport Taxi service at airports, the fare is fixed, quite high, and bargaining is not accepted here.

Car rental.

This service is popular with tourists. The registration procedure is simple, the requirement for the driver is the age of 21 and a driver's license. The price of the issue depends on the brand of the car and on the size of the company that provides it. In small companies it is $30-60 per day, in large companies it is $60-300. The minimum rental time is 24 hours. The cost of gasoline is paid extra. Compliance with traffic rules is fixed by radar here, therefore, if you are caught in a violation, it is useless to argue, the verdict is not subject to appeal.

National features.

Some prohibitions are incomprehensible and far-fetched, but this will not save you from liability for violation. So you can't:

Photograph local women, men (you can only if they agree), government agencies, sheikhs' palaces and police stations;

Appear "in people" in the nude, nowhere, never and under no circumstances;

Drink strong drinks in public places (this does not apply to hotel bars - you can there). In the emirate of Sharjah, you can't even stay in a hotel. There is a strict dry law;

litter on the street;

It is unnecessarily urgent to show attention in public places to the beautiful half of humanity, even to one's own wife;

Hamams in life and lovers of a strong word will also have to learn to behave with dignity and express themselves without using profanity during their stay in the country;

Worst of all drug addicts. Use is punishable by prison, import and sale - death penalty.

During Ramadan (the Muslim holy month, fasting), it is advisable, as a sign of respect for faith and solidarity with the locals, not to eat food, drinks in public places before sunset, and also to refrain from smoking.

Kitchen.

V UAE the local population prefers mainly Arabic dishes, excluding pork and generously seasoned with all kinds of spices. In high esteem veal, poultry, seafood, eggs. For tourists, there is a choice of almost all cuisines of the world, fortunately, there are a myriad of restaurants here.

Not every restaurant sells alcohol, so where they still offer drinks, you will have to pay more for food.

Coffee connoisseurs will be able to treat themselves to invigorating drinks prepared according to a wide variety of recipes. There is a whole cult of coffee in the Emirates, so it is unlikely that you will be able to meet frankly bad coffee. Ayran drink is also popular among the natives, but it tastes like an amateur.

Power supply.

Mains voltage 220-240V. Sockets in UAE predominantly non-European, so an adapter is required. In hotels it is often provided free of charge. Sold in any store.

Features in hotels.

In 5* hotels and in some 4* hotels, upon check-in, it is necessary to make a cash deposit for the duration of the stay, for the convenience of internal settlements at the hotel. They accept both cash and credit cards. Upon check-out, unused funds paid in cash are returned (only in dirhams), while the amount blocked on the card becomes available after a few days.

Tips.

In catering establishments, they are usually included in the bill and make up 10-15%. If generous gratitude is not included in the bill forcibly, it is customary to leave the waiter 10% of the order amount. Porters at the airport will help move luggage for 5-10 dirhams. Tips are not accepted in taxis.

Purchases.

Trade is the main activity in the Emirates. Here you can buy everything that your heart desires. As in any Arab country, bargaining is common in the UAE. Moreover, this whole art and the ability to do it well is appreciated by sellers, and helps to reduce the price by up to 50%.

Telephone communications.

International code countries +971. The communication system in the United Arab Emirates is modern and well established. You can call anywhere in the world from a street pay phone using coins or plastic cards, the latter can be purchased in shops and gas stations. The call will cost less if you buy a Prepaid card. According to it, the cost of a call will be minimal even from a hotel. mobile connection also developed, but somewhat more expensive.

Time.

In the UAE, there is a transition to summer / winter time. Therefore, from the last Sunday of September to the last Sunday of March, the time in the UAE is one hour ahead of Moscow. In the "summer period" time coincides with Moscow.

Police.

If a policeman stopped you on the street for a violation, you should not make excuses and argue. Useless. Laws work and are the same for everyone.

In the event of an accident, the issue is resolved immediately on the spot, the verdict of the police officer is final.

Privileges for local residents.

For any project, a native Emirati has the opportunity to take an unlimited, perpetual and interest-free loan. And if for some objective reasons the project was not successful, then in Ramadan the unfortunate businessman can approach the sheikh, describe in detail his situation and the scale of the tragedy, and he, if he believes and is imbued, can pay the debt from his own funds.

Public schools and universities conduct educational programs for local residents absolutely free of charge. Moreover, for those who have particularly distinguished themselves and who wish to continue their education in prestigious foreign universities, full payment for these classes by the state is provided.

A foreign enterprise can start its activities in the territory UAE only on condition that the founders will be a resident of the Emirates. At the same time, it is not at all necessary for him to work, he will simply receive a “salary”, at least $ 1,500.

It is impossible to obtain a residence permit or Emirati citizenship. Foreigners work as long as the work visa is valid. They either do not pay taxes at all, or pay a meager amount, therefore, upon reaching retirement age, they pack their bags and go on a well-deserved rest to their native land.

Good day! In this section, we consider the countries of the world, and now we will talk about one more of the many countries, which is called the United Arab Emirates (UAE). There are many interesting things in this country, so let's get started and study everything carefully.

The name of this state is due to the name of the administrative-territorial units that form the federation.

Full title: United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as UAE.

Capital: Abu Dhabi.

Area: The territory of the state, according to various calculations, occupies 77,830 km2 and 83,600 km2. This difference is due to the fact that some sections of the borders passing through the deserts are not exactly marked.

Population: 2,407 thousand people

Location: The UAE is located in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula, it is in the West. Most of the country is an oil-bearing but barren desert. In the north, the UAE is washed by Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; in the east - it borders on the Sultan of Oman; in the west - with Qatar; in the south - with Saudi Arabia.

Administrative division: The Federation of the Arab Emirates consists of 7 emirates: Sharjah, Dubai, Ajman, Abu Dhabi, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Qaiwann and Al Fujairah. Previously, these emirates were small settlements on the shores of the Persian Gulf.

Flag and coat of arms of the UAE:

Form of government: Monarchical (the federation includes 7 subjects).

Head of State: President, who is elected for 5 years.

The highest body of state power: Supreme Council of Emirs.

Supreme advisory body: Federal National Council.

Supreme executive body: Council of Ministers.

Major cities: Ras al-Khaimah, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain.

Official language: Arab.

Religion: Most of the population is Muslim.

Ethnic composition: Arabs - 90%; Indians - 6%.

Currency: Dirham = 100 fils.

Climate: Most of the state is desert, and on the coast Persian Gulf- subtropical. T air temperature during the year fluctuates from +10°С to +48°С, and the water temperature in coastal waters does not fall below 20°C. The number per year is 100 mm, and in the mountains - 300-400 mm.

Flora: The UAE is a flat, rocky desert, among which there are rare oases with acacias, date palms, lemon trees, grapes, tamarisk, etc.

Fauna: Animal world countries are also poor. Here you can meet jerboas, hares, gazelles, snakes and lizards. In winter, migratory birds from Central Asia and Siberia.

Rivers and: No permanent ones.

Sights: Oil exhibition, modern architecture, duty-free shops, famous oriental bazaars, Kornichi shipyard.

In numerous archaeological sites found its reflection ancient history emirates. There are old fortresses and palaces of rulers in each of the capitals of the emirates. And the ocean coast, which is especially beautiful in Fujairah, attracts tourists.

The United Arab Emirates is a wealthy state whose ruler invests a lot of money in its infrastructure. Thanks to this, we can observe many skyscrapers here, which are the highest in the world, as well as many other beautiful architectural masterpieces...