Himalayas. View from space
Himalayas - "abode of snow", Hindi.
Geography
Himalayas - highest mountain system the globe, is located in Asia (India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan), between the Tibetan Plateau (in the north) and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (in the south). The Himalayas range from 73°E in the northwest to 95°E in the southeast. The total length is more than 2400 km, the maximum width is 350 km. The average height is about 6000 m. The height is up to 8848 m (Mount Everest), 11 peaks are more than 8 thousand meters.
The Himalayas are divided into three levels from south to north.
- Southern, lower step (Pre-Himalayas). Sivalik mountains, they are made up of the Dundwa, Chouriagati ranges ( average height 900 m), Solya Singhi, Potvar plateau, Kala Chitta and Margala. The width of the step lies in the range from 10 to 50 km, the height is not more than 1000 m.
Kathmandu valley
- Small Himalayas, second stage. Extensive highlands 80 - 100 km wide, average height - 3500 - 4000 m. Maximum height - 6500 m.
Includes part of the Kashmir Himalayas - Pir-Panjal (Kharamush - 5142 m).
Between the outlying ridge of the second stage, called Dauladar "White Mountains"(average height - 3000 m) and the Main Himalayas at an altitude of 1350 - 1650 m lie the valleys of Srinagar (Kashmir Valley) and Kathmandu.
- The third stage is the Great Himalayas. This step is strongly dissected and forms a large chain of ridges. The maximum width is 90 km, the height is 8848 m. The average height of the passes reaches 4500 m, some exceed 6000 m. The Great Himalayas are subdivided into the Assam, Nepal, Kumaon and Punjab Himalayas.
- The main Himalayan range. The average height is 5500 - 6000 m. Here, on the site between the Sutlej and Arun rivers, there are eight out of ten Himalayan eight-thousanders.
Behind the gorge of the river Arun main ridge slightly lowers - the peak of Jonsang (7459 m), a branched spur with the Kanchenjunga massif departs from it to the south, four peaks of which exceed a height of 8000 m (maximum height - 8585 m).
Between the Indus and the Sutlej, the Main Range divides into the Western Himalayas and the Northern Range.
- Northern Ridge. In the northwestern part it is called Deosai, and in the southeastern part it is called Zanskar ("white copper") (the highest point is Kamet Peak, 7756 m). To the north is the Indus Valley, beyond which to the north is the Karakorum mountain system.
Recognized as the highest mountain system in the world. It separates the Hindustan Peninsula from the rest of Asia. In total, there are 109 peaks in the chain, most of which reach an altitude of 7300 m above sea level. The highest peak - Everest (in Nepalese "Chomolungma", which means "mother goddess of snows") - is recognized as one of the most beautiful mountains our planet.
The length of the Himalayan mountain range along northern border Hindustan is more than 2414 km. The Karakoram Mountains included in it begin in the northwest of Pakistan and stretch to the southeast, passing through Kashmir to the northern region of India. And, turning to the east, they pass through the territories of several states (Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan), as well as through the territory of the province of Aru-nachal-Pradesh, located in the northeastern part of the state of Assam. In the north of these regions lies a mountain watershed, beyond which the Chinese regions of the Tibetan mountains and Chinese Turkestan begin.
In 1856, interesting data were obtained in the department of land use of one of the countries located on the territory. An analysis of photographic documents taken in 1849-1850 showed that the height of peak number XV, located on the Tibetan-Nepalese border, was 8840 m above sea level. Then the peak with number XV was recognized as the highest and named after the chief topographer of India, George Everest. Now there are very few people who have never heard of the highest peak of our planet and do not know the name Everest.
With the discovery of a new peak, climbers had a completely logical goal - the conquest of the highest mountain. In the 20s of the XX century, several successful attempts were made to conquer the approaches to Everest. Then the climbers went mainly from Tibet, since Nepal was a closed state at that time, and therefore did not accept tourists. After the Nepalese government opened the doors of their country to tourists, numerous groups of climbers rushed to the southern slopes.
The Himalayas are a mountain range located in the southern part of Asia. The Himalayas are part of such states as Nepal, India, Pakistan, Tibet and Bhutan. This Mountain chain is the highest in the world, reaching an altitude of almost 9000 meters above sea level. The Himalayas separate the Indian subcontinent from the interior of Asia. The very word "Himalayas" means "house of snow".
There are 14 mountains in the Himalayas that exceed 8,000 meters in height, among them K2, Nanga Parbat and Mount Everest. The height of the last 8848 meters makes it the most high mountain in the world. The Himalayas stretch over 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from the Indus Valley in the west to the Brahmaputra Valley in the east. Their width is from 100 to 250 kilometers.
Many mountain peaks are sacred to the people who live in the surrounding area. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims go here and pray to God.
How the Himalayas were formed
The Himalayas are among the youngest mountain systems in the world. They were formed when the Indian subcontinent, which was originally part of the southern plate, moved north and crashed into Asia. This movement began about 70 million years ago and continues to this day. The Himalayas are still getting taller, growing at about 7 cm per year. Earthquakes and volcanoes are proof of the region's high activity.
Rivers and lakes
Glaciers and permanent snowfields cover the highlands of the Himalayas. They are the source of the streams that flow into the two large rivers of this region. The Indus flows back and forth through Pakistan into the Arabian Sea. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra flow east and join in Bangladesh. They form the world's largest river delta. 
Climate
Almost any type of climate is found at different altitudes in the mountains. The lower slopes in the south are home to tropical plants and tea. The trees grow up to a height of 4000 meters. Wheat and other cereals grow in higher areas.
The Himalayas influence the climate in both India and Tibet. They form a barrier against the monsoon winds that blow from indian ocean through India. It rains heavily on the outer side of the mountains, while a dry wind blows on the plains of Tibet.
Population
The Himalayas are very sparsely populated due to the harsh climate. Most people live on the low Indian slopes. Many people make their living as Sherpas, guiding tourists and climbers to the peaks of the mountains.
Mountains have been a natural barrier for millennia. They stopped people from China and the interior of Asia from mixing with Indian population. Genghis Khan, Emperor of the Mongols was stopped from expanding his empire south due to the height of the mountains.
Most of the roads that cross the Himalayas are at an altitude of over 5,000 meters. In winter they are covered with snow and almost impassable.
Tourism
Climbing has become the main direction of tourism in Himalayan mountains Oh. It started almost at the end of the 19th century when many climbers started climbing the peaks. In 1953, mountaineer Edmund Hillary and Tibetan Sherpa Tenzing Norgay were the first to conquer the high point our planet - the top of Everest.
Description of Everest
Everest, or Chomolungma, or Sagarmatha- this is the highest peak of the globe with a height of 8844 m, located in the Himalayas and is part of the highest mountain range in the world. It is located on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region), but the peak itself lies on the territory of China.
Divine Mount Chomolnugma
Chomolungma - translated from Tibetan means "Divine". Nepalese name Chomolungma - Sagarmatha means "Mother of the Gods". The English name Everest (Everest) was given in honor of Sir George Everest, the head of the Survey of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by J. Everest's successor Andrew Waugh, when it turned out that this peak is the highest in the region and in the whole world. Goraya is partly part of national park Sagarmatha in Nepal.
Conquest of Sagarmatha
Everest was first seen in the 30s of the last century, and conquered since 1921. But all attempts ended either in failure or even tragically. The first ascent of the mountain was made on May 29, 1953 by travelers Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary.
How to get to Everest?
For all the time after the opening of the peak, more than 4,000 people climbed Chomolungma along the easier southern slope, located in Nepal, or along the northern one, starting in Tibet.
Everest trip starts in the Nepalese capital Kathmandu. From here climbers go to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and from there they go on foot to the camp at the foot of Everest. It is worth remembering that due to the difficult political situation between China and Tibet, visiting the Tibetan autonomous region allowed only with special permission from the Chinese authorities, and from time to time it may be completely prohibited. The cost of climbing Everest is from $10,000 to $65,000 and is charged by the country from which the ascent is made. The cost of climbing from Tibet is cheaper.
At the top of Everest, the wind blows from 200 kilometers per hour or up to 55 meters per second, and the temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius. At the top of the mountain there is practically no air suitable for breathing, so the ascent is made with special oxygen equipment. Every year about 200-500 people try to conquer Everest, and the number of those who visit the mountain is several thousand a year. Climbing to the top of Everest takes about two months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Weight loss after climbing - an average of 10-15 kg, but sometimes more.
Lost on Everest
For fifty years, more than two hundred people have died on the slopes, and the total mortality of all those who died during the ascent is 11%. In May 1996, due to a storm that began on the southern slope of the Chomolungma, 5 people died at once. On April 18, 2014, an avalanche killed 13 people and 3 people went missing.
Cellular and Internet
At the top of Chomolungma, there is a cellular connection from ChinaMobile and the Nepalese operator Ncell, there is high-speed Internet access.
The highest mountains in the world
Most of the most high mountains the world are located in mountain ranges Himalayas, in Asia in the region of Nepal and Tibet.
Everest or Chomolungma (8848 meters)
Chogori (K2) - the second height of Chomolungma (8614 meters)
Kangchenjunga (8586 meters)
Lhotse (8516 meters)
Makalu (8516 meters)
Cho Oyu (8201 meters)
Dhaulagiri (8167 meters)
Manaslu (8156 meters)
Nanga (8126 meters)
Annapurna (8091 meters)
In this article I will tell you about the most beautiful, most bewitching and most stunning
mountains of our vast planet. This - Majestic Himalayas .
There are no such mountains anywhere else in the world.
Himalayas - this harsh land snowy peaks rising above the ground. The mighty peaks of the Himalayas are in the zone of eternal snows. During the day, in the rays of the bright sun, their snow-white hats sparkle, at sunset their peaks are painted with a soft red color, where on the pink crests of the mountains you can observe a bizarre play of light and shadow. With the advent of night, peaked peaks are drawn against the background of a blue-black starry sky.
Himalayasis not only one of the most beautiful places, created by nature itself, it is Holy Land, on the inhabited by Buddhist and Hindu deities. Himalayan mountains – it is the largest mountain system, with a length of 2400 kilometers. From cold white pyramid of Namcha Barwa in the forests of northern Assam in the east, this "abode of snow" stretches west along the border of the Tibetan Plateau through Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Ladakh.
They end in Pakistan with the powerful western bastion of Nanga Parbat. The peaks of the southern Sivalik Mountains rise a maximum of 1520 meters above sea level. On the to the north they border small Himalayas, their average height is 4,570 meters.
The basis of the whole system is Great Himalayas, reaching their highest height in Nepal. There, in a small space, there are 9 of the 14 highest faiths. 
tires, including Everest (8846 m), Kangchen Junga with a height of 8598 m, and Annapurna (8078 m). north of the Greater Himalayas mountain range, called the Tibetan Himalayas (called Tethys), with the vast Tibetan Plateau. Geologists have established that the emergence of the Himalayan mountains occurred in at least three stages. The Great Himalayas were the first to form (about 38 million years ago); followed by the Lesser Himalayas (about 26 and 27 million years ago); and finally, in the third stage, the Sivalik Mountains appeared (approximately 7 million years ago). Over the past 1,500 million years, mountains have grown by 1,370 meters. In Hindu mythology, this region is called Deviabhuni - the land of the gods. According to legend, the great god Shiva and his wife De lived on the top of Gaurishankar. 
vi and Himawat's daughter. Shiva
- one of the supreme gods included in the divine trinity, "master of animals." Therefore, his dwelling is located among the eternal snows of the Himalayas and three great rivers of Asia flow from it - Indus, Brahmaputra and ganges. However, judging by the ancient Hindu and Buddhist legends, the god Shiva and his wife are not the only deities inhabiting the Himalayan mountains.
The legends say that here, in the center of the Earth, stands Mount Meru, around which the Sun, Moon and stars revolve. And it is here that Kubera lives - the god of wealth, the owner of earthly treasures and the lord of supernatural beings called yakshas. Also (according to legend) on Mount Meru lives the most important of the early Hindu gods, the Thunderer. The god Indra who gives rain and fructifies the earth. In 400 B.C. In search of religious truth, the Chinese monk Fa Xian came to the Himalayas. And the French geographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Harville compiled the oldest accurate map in the 30s of the 18th century. However, at that time, Baptiste was not able to correctly determine the height of many mountain peaks.
Early X 
In the 9th century, the British, hunters of large animals (tigers and bears), returning from the Himalayas, retold local legends about strange footprints in the snow. This was the first mention of the existence of Bigfoot. In the 50s of the 19th century, the highest top of the world was known to the West simply as Peak XV. The Indians called it Sagarmatha - "heavenly peak"; for the Tibetans it was Chomolungma - i.e. "Mother Goddess of the Earth". In 1862, the peak was named Everest by the British, in honor of Sir John Everest, Governor General of India. Six years earlier, Sir J. Everest had led an expedition to map Himalayan mountains.
TO late XIX century Tibet and Nepalclosed their borders to Europeans. And in 1921, with the permission of the Dalai Lama, one expedition did visit the country. But, they could only get to the foot of Everest and mapped only its lower slopes. Three years later, in 1924, George Mallory (participant in the last expeditions) undertook
desperate attempt to climb the highest peak peace. Mallory and his friend Andrew Irwin were perhaps the first people to stand on the summit of Everest. They were almost at their peak when the cloud covered them. After that, they were never seen again.
30 years later, Everest was conquered by the British 
expedition led by John Hunt. But, he did not manage to reach the top.
The last assault was made by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Nepalese Norgay Tenzing. They were the first to stand where no man had stood before them.
The attractiveness of Everest for climbers is undeniable, althoughmany attempts to reach the summit ended in failure, and sometimes the death of expedition members. However, nothing stops climbers. And to this day they continue to storm the highest peak. But so far, only 400 of them have been able to reach the top and stand on the "roof of the world."
Himalayas and Everest carefully guard their secrets, and today they remain the only snow kingdom of its kind - the abode of the gods.
And man will never comprehend these mysteries.
The greatest mountains of the world will forever remain a mystery to mankind ...
However, these unique mountains are inhabited by some creatures that are not afraid to settle on the snowy peaks of the Himalayas.
Watch an amazing documentary about the inhabitants of the Himalayan peaks.
