It is a well-known fact that the Crimean peninsula has a unique climate. Crimea, whose territory occupies 26.9 thousand km 2, is not only a well-known Black Sea health resort, but also a health resort of Azov. The waters of these two continental seas wash its shores. In addition, Crimea is endowed with significant potential for the development of irrigated agriculture: horticulture and viticulture.
The peninsula has a multi-level relief. In the north and in the center, the steppe relief prevails, it occupies ¾ of the territory of Crimea, in the south it is limited to three ridges of gently sloping sedimentary Crimean mountains, stretching in a strip 160 km long. The southern coast pleases with its resort opportunities. Accordingly, in terms of climate, the peninsula includes three recreational zones:
The most demanded - subtropical;
Millions of tourists in the summer become guests of his friendly cities: Kerch, Feodosia. This - Largest cities peninsula, short description we will present some of them below. According to statistics, at present, 5-6 million tourists visit the peninsula during the season. Is it a lot or a little? For comparison, resorts in Turkey in 2011 were visited by 31.456 million tourists. It's all about infrastructure and promotion. As you can see, Crimea has something to strive for…
Population of Crimea
Population Crimean peninsula, according to Krymstat data as of 01.01.2014, is more than 2.342 million people and tends to increase. The reason is the migration attractiveness of the Crimea. At the same time, urban residents have a share of 62.7% on the peninsula, and rural residents, respectively, 37.3%. In national terms, according to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is represented mainly by Russians (58.3%), Ukrainians (24.3%), Crimean Tatars (12.1%), Belarusians (1.5%). The remaining nationalities in the population of the peninsula occupy a much smaller share - less than 1%.
By the way, the 2001 Crimean census showed interesting fact: there are more Izhors (a small Finnish-Ugric people) living on its territory than in their historical homeland.
Cities of Crimea
The cities of the Crimean peninsula are not numerous. There are currently 18 of them. Imagine brief characteristics some of them.
Administrative, cultural and industrial center Crimea is the 360-thousandth city of Simferopol. In Greek, its name sounds like "city of benefit." This is the most important transport hub. It is through it that roads lead to all the settlements of the peninsula.
The industry of Simferopol is significant: about 70 large enterprises, among which are the factories "Photon", "Pneumatics", "Santekhprom", "Krymprodmash", "Fiolent" and others. Accordingly, the population of the city is quite qualified. The main universities of the peninsula are located in the city, so it is called scientific center Crimea. We also recall that Simferopol is the birthplace of academician Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov, actor Roman Sergeevich Filippov, singer Yuri Iosifovich Bogatikov.
The city of Sevastopol was built by decree of Empress Catherine II as a fortress. It is of strategic importance in the Black Sea region as an ice-free port and naval base. Since 2014, according to the Russian Constitution, Sevastopol has federal significance, being the main base of the Black Sea Fleet.
In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, Sevastopol was endowed with a special status. The industrial potential of the "city of Russian sailors" is determined by the local fishing port, fish cannery and plant, Inkerman winery, shipbuilding and shipyards. The city of Sevastopol, in addition, is a significant resort center on the southern coast of the Black Sea, with about 200 sanatoriums and 49 kilometers of beaches.
One of the oldest cities in the world is Kerch, in its place in the 7th century AD. e. Hellenes founded the city of Panticapaeum. The industry of Kerch is represented by mining, metal processing, shipbuilding, construction, and fishing enterprises. with a population exceeding 100 thousand are Evpatoria and Yalta, more than 83 thousand inhabitants in Feodosia. A map of the cities of the Crimean peninsula shows that most of them are located on the coast. The exceptions are Simferopol, Belogorsk and Dzhankoy.
It should be noted that the existing urban structure of Crimea is historically balanced. Further urbanization of the peninsula is hampered by its limited water resources.
The recent past. All-Union health resort
Crimea, the Black Sea... these words were well known to every Soviet person. How many people rested on the peninsula? It is difficult to find exact statistics. The official figure is 10 million. However, it was compiled based on data from sanatorium-and-spa institutions.
At the same time, very significant flows of vacationers traveled to the Crimea on their own and organized their holidays themselves. However, they were not included in the official statistics. We are talking about the so-called "savages". One of the authors of Literaturnaya Gazeta made a joke about them in the 1960s. He said that this way of recreation became so popular in the USSR that the press began to use the word "savage" without quotation marks.
In their suitcases lay a map of the Crimean peninsula, and they chose the route and place of rest themselves ... How to count them? To account for the number of citizens who have a rest on their own, an informal "bread" technology was used. The calculation is simple: almost all citizens consume bread every day. One person per day, on average, accounts for 200-250 grams. The growth in bread consumption during the holiday season made it possible to determine the number of "savages". Impressive statistics were obtained: if in 1958 there were about 300 thousand of them, then in 1988 - 6.2 million people.
In this way, Soviet Crimea during the holiday season (from May to September) provided its recreational resources for 16 million Soviet people. And if we take into account that the Turkish holiday season is twice as long, then we come to the conclusion: Crimea in the 80s of the last century provided rest for a flow of people commensurate with modern Turkish, however, if we take into account the "savages".
Natural resources
Crimea is endowed with significant deposits of natural gas, oil, mineral salts, and iron ore. Preliminary calculations estimate the total volume of gas deposits as follows - more than 165 billion m 3, oil - about 47 million tons, iron ore - more than 1.8 billion tons.
Despite the efficient extraction of minerals, the Crimean Peninsula, according to experts, has a much greater potential due to its unique natural resources, promising for the creation of a year-round base for medical rehabilitation of the international level.
Their fullest use is a strategic task for the entire Crimean economy.
This peninsula is original and able to surprise. On 5.8% of its territory there are objects and lands related to protected funds.
Fresh water reserves of Crimea are the subject of many discussions. Although the map of the Crimean peninsula shows the presence of 257 local rivers, the largest of which are Alma, Belbek, Kacha, Salgir, but almost all of them have a limited supply from the mountains and dry up in summer. 120 Crimean rivers are no longer than 10 km, they are more like mountain streams than rivers. The longest of all is Salgir (204 km).
There are many lakes on the peninsula, more than 80. However, these reservoirs marine origin, they are lifeless due to the high salinity of the water. Such lakes do not contribute to the development of agriculture, oppressing the soil.
On the one hand, the region's significant climatic agricultural potential, and on the other hand, insufficient water resources have determined the need for human intervention in this imbalance. Of decisive importance for water supply is the North Crimean Canal, which supplies Dnieper water to the peninsula. Its volume in 2003 was 83.5% of the total water supply of Crimea.
Thus, the artificial construction of three stages of the canal compensated for the shortage of water, which objectively could not be provided by either the own rivers of the Crimean Peninsula or its lakes. By the way, the share of rivers in the region's water supply is only 9.5%.
The steppe part of Crimea extracts drinking water from artesian basins. Its share is also low - 6.6% of the total. Although clean, high-quality water is extracted from wells.
Statistics show that one resident of Crimea has an average daily volume of water 4.7 times less than for a resident middle lane. In addition, the cost of water in the Crimea is also traditionally higher.
Flora of Crimea
If in the center and in the north of the peninsula there are arable lands, then in the mountains there is a riot of primordial flora. There, to the delight of specialists, 240 species of unique, endemic plants grow. The northern slopes of the Crimean Mountains are covered with dense deciduous forest, oak groves grow below, oak and hornbeam groves grow above. The southern slopes of the mountains are covered pine forests. Among conifers - endemic Crimean pine.
The nature of the Crimean peninsula is exceptionally favorable for the creation of cultivated arboretums of the southern coast, numbering hundreds and thousands of plants harmoniously planted by specialists. If wild vegetation is represented by shrub thickets (shibliak), then cultivated seaside parks are man-made pearls of this ancient land. A special place among them belongs to the oldest Nikitsky botanical garden which presents plants from all over the world to tourists. However, Massandra, Livadiysky, Forossky, Vorontsovsky parks also have masterpieces of dendrological collections of hundreds of plants. And this is not a complete list of Crimean dendrological plantations.
Story. Ancient world
The history of Crimea is attractive and eventful. Its territory has long attracted conquerors. Some of the original inhabitants, the Cimmerians, who lived as early as the 12th century, were supplanted by the Scythians. Other indigenous people, the Taurians, who lived in the foothills and mountains, assimilated with the conquerors. Crimea became part of the Scythian state.
In the 5th century BC. e. Hellenes used the Crimean peninsula to establish on its south coast(Tavrika, as they called it) of their colony cities: Chersonese, Kafa, Panticapaeum. At this stage, it was not about the statehood of the peninsula, but rather about the Greek colonization of the coast. At the same time, the Scythians owned the steppes.
Recall that the Crimea is also called the cradle of Russian Orthodoxy. It was here, on the land of Chersonesos, in the 1st century AD. e. Apostle Andrew the First-Called landed, preaching to the Taurians and Scythians.
63 AD e. was marked by the annexation of Crimea by the Roman Empire, which took control of the cities built by the Greeks. After the fall of this mighty power, the peninsula was subjected to several attacks. In the 3rd century A.D. e. Crimea was conquered by immigrants from Scandinavia - the Goths, and in the 4th century A.D. e. they were replaced by later aggressors - the Huns, nomads from Asia.
Since the 6th century, Turkic-speaking tribes have dominated the Crimean steppes, forming the Khazar Khaganate. We will recall this fact again in this article.
Crimean city-colonies on the coast fell under the jurisdiction of the heiress of Rome - Byzantium. The Byzantines strengthened Chersonese, new fortresses grew: Alushta, Gurzuf, Eski-Kermen, Inkerman and others. With the weakening of Byzantium on the coast, the Genoese form the Principality of Theodoro.
Middle Ages
Christianity developed on the peninsula in the Middle Ages as well. Saint Prince Vladimir was baptized in Chersonesus, who subsequently spread the Christian faith throughout all of Russia.
From the 8th century A.D. e. in the steppe part of the peninsula, Slavic colonization took place, which was limited in time, since the attention of Kievan Rus was given priority to the western borders, and the nomads pursued an active and aggressive policy of raids.
In the XII century, the Crimean peninsula becomes Polovtsian. This era is illustrated by individual Polovtsian names that have survived to our time: Ayu-Dag (“Bear Mountain”), Artek (the name of the son of the Polovtsian Khan).
After the conquest of the entire peninsula, including the Tatar-Mongols in the XIII century, the city of Solkhat (located on the territory of modern small town Old Crimea). The peninsula is part of the vast Tatar-Mongolian state of the Golden Horde.
New story
In the period when the peoples finally became sedentary and nations began to be created, the indigenous nation of the peninsula, the Crimean Tatars, took shape. In 1475, the peninsula was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and Kafa became the capital of Crimea. The Turkish state of Porta became an ally of the Crimean Tatars, who were vassal dependents on it. Ottoman Empire built its military bridgeheads on the peninsula. On Perekop, the conquerors built the strategic fortress of Or-Kala.
The history of the Crimean peninsula of modern times (its countdown goes back to the Renaissance) is connected with the wars of Russia against the Crimean Khanate. In particular, in 1736 by the army of Christopher Antonovich Minich, and in 1737 by the army of Pyotr Petrovich Lassia, it was significantly weakened. Khan Kyrym Giray, politically trying to create an alliance with the states of the West, died suddenly in 1769.
During the Russo-Turkish War on 06/14/1770 and 07/29/1770, the Second Army under the command of General-General Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov won two strategic victories over the Crimean Tatars: on the Perekop line and at Cafe. The statehood of the indigenous inhabitants of this region was lost. The map of the Crimean peninsula from 1783 instead of the Crimean Khanate displayed the Taurida province, which belongs to Russia.
Crimean California
In the 20th century, already in Soviet times, this region became the object of controversial geopolitics. On October 18, 1921, the Crimean ASSR, a component of the RSFSR, was formed here.
Meanwhile, the problem of the development of the region arose before the Soviet government. If the Black Sea turned out to be quite densely populated, then this could not be said about its steppe part. The Crimean steppe clearly lacked human resources. The idea arose of creating agricultural Jewish settlements to turn the semi-desert steppe into cultivated lands. The history of the Crimean peninsula, as we see, had an alternative development perspective.
In 1922, the Jewish International Organization "Joint" approached the Soviet government with a lucrative offer. She undertook to invest in agriculture on 375 thousand hectares of the Crimean peninsula, and for this, the RSFSR, accordingly, was offered to realize the old dream of Jews seeking the promised land - to establish a Jewish ASSR here.
This proposal had historical roots. In the VIII-X century, which existed on the territory of the peninsula, professed Judaism.
In the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, under the Council of Nationalities, a separate committee was created for the land employment of Jews. The Committee developed a 10-year plan for the placement of up to 300,000 Jewish settlers in the steppe part of Crimea.
On February 19, 1929, an agreement was signed between the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR and the "Joint" on the development of the Crimean lands. In the world, this project is better known under the name "Crimean California". For its implementation, an international Jewish organization issued securities worth $20 million purchased by American and European private capital. In total - $26 million (according to the current exchange rate - approximately $1.82 billion) of investments passed through the Agro-Joint branch opened in Simferopol.
In 1938, Stalin canceled the project, but the issue was raised during World War II. Joint stockholders wanted compensation. At the Tehran Conference, they were expressed to Stalin by American President Roosevelt. However, during the Cold War, the dispute was resolved by General Secretary Khrushchev using the Gordian knot method. On February 19, 1954, the Crimean region was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR from the RSFSR. The agreement between the USSR and the "Joint" was no longer valid: the subject of the dispute did not belong to the RSFSR.
Crimea within Ukraine
The territory of Crimea, having become part of the Ukrainian SSR, required significant resources for its development. About 300 thousand people were deported from this region the day before, there were clearly not enough workers. In the fighting of the Great Patriotic War, a significant part of the male population died. The agriculture of the peninsula alone could not get out of the crisis and reach the pre-war level. There were not enough roads.
In 1958, the Ukrainian SSR allocated funds from its budget for laying the longest trolleybus route in the world, linking Simferopol with Alushta and Yalta. In 1961-1971, a strategically important artificial canal was also built, irrigating the steppe lands of Crimea at the expense of the water of the Kakhovka reservoir of the Dnieper. Since then, viticulture and horticulture began to develop in a planned and progressive manner.
However, after 1991, a dangerous downward trend emerged in the development of agriculture on the peninsula. The reason is the high cost of acquiring modern agricultural technologies for peasants and the lack of state support for agriculture in this problematic region. As a result, the sown area has more than halved and, accordingly, the water supply by the North Crimean Canal has decreased.
Crimea today
The current political crisis in relations between Russia and Ukraine is largely affecting the economy of the peninsula. Guided by the results of the referendum of the Crimean population (2014), the RSFSR annexed it as a subject of the federation. Ukraine, for its part, did not recognize the legitimacy of this referendum and considers Crimea annexed.
The imbalance of economic ties, generated by the Russian-Ukrainian "trade wars", depresses the economy of the region. In fact, the holiday season failed. Agriculture suffers due to inconsistency in its water supply. However, the population of the peninsula is waiting for these temporary difficulties to be overcome. the Russian Federation, for its part, is building its state infrastructure in Crimea. After all, it is not enough for a nominally new republic to be added to the map of Russia. The Crimean peninsula is currently going through a difficult path of economic and legal integration into Russian society.
Ukraine and the G7 countries, as already mentioned, did not recognize the legitimacy of the referendum. Hence the difficulties in obtaining a proper international status for the peninsula. There are also questions related to the position of the Crimean Tatars, that is, the indigenous population.
However, the story continues, and the population of Crimea, of course, expects federal investment in the economy of their region. In many ways, his choice of statehood was determined by the expectations of the development of the region. What will be the future for the unique peninsula? The question is still open.
Conclusion
What are the prospects for this wonderful land? Let's remember the lessons of history. At a time when one of the last general secretaries of the USSR, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, was trying to “strengthen labor discipline” by intensifying control over absenteeism and preventing theft, more constructive processes were taking place in the country located on the other side of the Black Sea ... The Crimean peninsula at that time had more powerful sanatorium base than Turkey.
In the 80s in Turkey, the international investment process in the resort industry was clearly economically planned, legally defined and launched by the entire state machine. The country, whose GDP fell by 10% during the global crisis, was building a new promising revenue item in the budget - the resort business. International agreements were reached on the regime of capital investments for private investors, equal in rights with residents.
At the same time, foreign investors were not only exempted (partially or in full) from taxes and duties when making capital investments in sanatoriums, but also received the right to unlimited equity participation in them. They were also guaranteed a refund and repatriation of capital if the investment "failed".
Obviously, the Crimean peninsula should be economically developed in a similar way. Photos of his resorts after such investments will be able to compete with pictures taken in sanatoriums and water parks in Turkish Antalya.
There are many options for maps of Crimea. This section presents how topographic so and tourist maps of Crimea. The same section presents detailed map of Crimea for motorists.
Speaking of Features maps of Crimea, you involuntarily recall the analogy of the peninsula as a world in miniature. In fact, the map of Crimea is also a kind of miniature reflection of everything that is on the peninsula. For a person going to rest in the Crimea, a map is a very useful thing. And it doesn't matter how you arrive in this blessed land. But if you are by car, then you simply cannot do without a map. Actually, for those traveling by any type of personal transport, and for those who prefer hiking, the card will also not be superfluous.
topographic, interactive map Crimea from Google:
Topographic, interactive map of Crimea from Yandex:
You can download all the maps to your computer and view them in the maximum size! To do this, you just need to save the desired map by clicking on it with the left mouse button (save image as ...).
The most detailed tourist map of Crimea with all the sights.
It reflects all the originality of the nature of the Crimean peninsula. All the variety of natural gifts, which fit in a relatively small area, will appear to the eyes of tourists. It remains only to choose:
- grottoes and caves
- waterfalls and gorges
- monasteries and fortresses
- museums, palaces and gardens
Everything that Crimea is rich in is available for visiting. Crimea generously gives everyone the perfect vacation.
Another detailed tourist map of Crimea with all the sights: 
General tourist map of Crimea with attractions: 
detailed map Crimea for motorists: 
Download tourist map mountain forest zone of Crimea
For travelers and hikers Crimean mountains recommended install the maps.me application on your smartphone where to download the map of Crimea. By enabling geolocation on your smartphone, you will always know your location in Crimea. This map shows not only roads, houses and sights, but also numerous hiking trails.
Allows you to: search for objects - (area, street, house number, etc.). Zoom. Switch display modes: scheme, satellite, hybrid. measure distances.
Contains the following data: the cities of Evpatoria, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Yalta, Alushta...; street names; house numbers. Airports, railway stations, bus stations, river stations and other objects. If you didn't find something, try the Google Map of Crimea
Map of Crimea - detailed with streets, houses, districts, roads and other objects of cities and towns of the peninsula.
You can send a link to a selected location on the map(the reference point is a marker in the center of the map, position and scale are taken into account). This is useful if you need to specify with the help of the Internet: the meeting place, the delivery address for the order, the location of the club, shop, cinema, market, etc. Anyone who opens the link will be able to determine the specified place by the marker.
don't forget about friends:
To change the scale, use the mouse scroll wheel, you can also change it using the slider in the lower right corner (+ -), or the "Zoom in" button in the upper left corner of the map. To change the display mode - select the appropriate menu item in the upper right corner. To measure the distance - click the ruler and draw points on the map.
The proposed scheme is based on the online service "Yandex-maps", it allows you to zoom, plot routes and switch to a satellite view.
The Crimean peninsula is first of all a health resort
Its territory is about 26.5 thousand square meters. km. It is located a large number of resorts and resort establishments offering recreation services with health improvement. Such institutions are also called health resorts. Therefore, the Crimean peninsula is most often associated with the words resort and health resort. On its territory are located the city of Sevastopol, Autonomous Republic with the same name and part of the Kherson region. The peninsula is 326 km wide (west-east) and 205 km north-south. On its territory there are 50 lakes with salt water and 257 rivers flow.
In the past, this land was called Tauris. Then, the province of Russia, located on the Crimean peninsula, was called Tauride
The coast of the peninsula is one of the most popular areas of tourism, recreation and resort treatment in Ukraine. It has numerous resort villages. The main factor of positive influence on health improvement is the Mediterranean subtropical climate. The winter of the Crimean coast is rainy, with a predominance of cloudy weather, relative humidity 71%. Severe winds and storms are likely. In spring - more windy, relative humidity is about 70%. The Crimean summer is sunny and dry, the average daytime temperature is ~27С, the relative humidity is 56%. The Crimean autumn is dry and sunny, lasts until the end of November. The minimum amount of precipitation is in September and August. average temperature during the day about 20C, relative humidity 61%.
The Crimean peninsula is quite well detailed in various cartographic services. Whether it's Yandex or Google - the information is provided in some detail. Even such a relatively recently well-known map service as OpenStreetMap has quite a decent number of objects in almost every locality peninsulas. The main reason is, of course, the popularity of these places, and therefore the scheme on each service is replete with information. After all, many services have the opportunity when their (actually ours) card can be replenished with information from network users. Hence, various details of services in popular regions, including Crimea, arise.
We offer detailed maps of Crimea. As a rule, they are all with cities and towns, some with streets and house numbers, in Russian. Here is a satellite map updated in real time and relevant for 2019, and static data - physical, contour, with sights, with districts, with resorts, of the Crimean coast and other types of cartographic data.
Crimea on Google.Maps
Crimea on OpenStreetMap
Crimea on Wikimapia
For you, we have selected only the best cartographic services in Russia and abroad, working online and offering really useful, the latest satellite maps high resolution, so that you can take a closer look at the Crimean peninsula, its coast, sights, cities, towns and villages with house numbers along the streets, resorts and natural resources.
If you need a detailed map of Crimea with the freshest, regularly updated satellite information, sometimes even in real time, then your choice is Yandex maps. The default is to load a hybrid image - satellite and schematic, although you can select a specific layer. Google Maps- also a good service, on the diagram, which can be changed to display in the "satellite" mode, you can see a lot, although less than on the previous resource. Reason - Google is more designed for Western Europe, and not to Russia, although the trend is changing.
Maps of Crimea differ from the other two services from Google and Yandex, since everyone can accept them in their creation, which is why they are very detailed. Open Street Maps is a unique project where it is easy to find even the most unknown sights of the Crimean peninsula, especially natural ones (waterfalls, rocks, mountains, caves, etc.). Map from Wikimapia is also an interesting thing, showing details such as interesting places, routes, even fields planted with a certain grain are shown here. And it's all online!
The best static maps of the Crimean peninsula
Attractions map 
Road map 
Physical map
Map of districts 
Resorts map
Here to your attention the most detailed physical, highways, attractions and resorts maps of Crimea. To view the desired option in detail, click on the desired thumbnail. If you need to download a map of Crimea, then click on its image, and then save it to a folder on your computer. If you have interesting cards or diagrams of the Crimean peninsula, then you can send them to . We will gladly publish them, perhaps they will be of great benefit to someone.
Detailed maps of cities, towns, villages and resorts
| A - I | K - T | U - I |
The map of the southern coast of Crimea is provided by Yandex. Cards. Let's take a closer look at popular resorts on the map of the Crimean southern coast. Weather for today in Yalta and Sudak.
Detailed map of the coast of southern Crimea
According to climatic regimes, this part of the peninsula is divided into 2 parts: western and eastern. East End stretches from Feodosia to Alushta. Western - from Alushta to Cape Aya.
Meet Crimea - Map south coast detailed informs us about such popular resorts in the cities of the area as:
- Sudak - youth resort town with stunning pebbles and rocky beaches(especially in its vicinity). washed by clear waters Black Sea.
- Yalta is the most famous and expensive resort in Crimea. A resting place for wealthy respectable people. Pebble and deep-sea beaches of Yalta are more suitable for adults.
- Alushta - located 47 km from Sudak. The beaches here are small pebbles, as elsewhere on the south coast. However, you can also find gravel sections of the beach. People of all ages vacation here.
Alupka - the city is located on the southern coast of Crimea, is part of the Yalta City Council. The population is over 860 thousand people. Sights of Alupka: Church of the Archangel Michael, Vorontsov Palace and etc
- Feodosia is the city center of the Feodosia region of the eastern part of the peninsula. It is located 44 kilometers from Sudak. It is famous for its golden sandy beaches. For many, it serves as a transit point to Sudak and Koktebel.
- Koktebel is an urban-type settlement. It is famous for its attractions: Jazz Festival, Karadag nature reserve, Koktebel nudist beach. From Feodosia at a distance of 15 km.
Thus, on a detailed map of the Crimean coast, everyone can find a resort to their liking - with the right beach and a contingent of vacationers.
