The scope of the current until 2015 FTP "Socio-economic development Kuril Islands for 2007-2015" is 21 billion rubles.
The bulk of this amount is allocated from the federal budget. The Sakhalin Region also plans to attract funds from private investors for the development of the Kuriles. Private investments in the economy of the islands now amount to a billion rubles a year, and by 2015 they will increase to 6 billion. details about the new infrastructure of the Kuril Islands (many photos) The Kuril Islands include 30 large and many small islands. The population lives permanently only in Paramushir, Iturup, Kunashir and Shikotan. The population of the Kuril Islands 18,735 people Kunashir island- the southernmost island of the Great Ridge of the Kuril Islands. The population is about 8000 people. Yuzhno-Kurilsk- the administrative center of the South Kuril district. 
social housing 
In August 2012, a ceremony was held in Yuzhno-Kurilsk to hand over warrants and keys to new apartments. The 10-apartment building was built with funds from the regional and local budgets under one of the regional programs. 
House of Culture (medical and educational expedition "Frontiers of Russia", August 2010) 
New Kindergarten Port of Yuzhno-Kurilsk New deep-water berth 
The commissioning of modern deep-water berthing complexes in Kunashir and Iturup will lead to a qualitative improvement new level transport infrastructure in the Kuriles and improve the quality of life on the islands. Motor ship "Igor Farkhutdinov" moored for the first time at the new berth (February 2011) 
Funded by the federal program for the socio-economic development of the Kuril Islands and the budget Sakhalin region construction in progress sea station on the territory of the constructed berthing complex in the South Kuril Bay. In this building, in addition to passengers, various services will be located - a border checkpoint, a customs post, port supervision, administration and a control room. seaport. Completion of construction is planned for 2012. 
Airport "Mendeleevo" The airfield was built by the Japanese when the island of Kunashir was still under the control of Japan and has not been rebuilt since then. In 2006, it was closed due to the complete deterioration of the infrastructure and the destruction of the runway. During the reconstruction, within the framework of the Federal Target Program for the socio-economic development of the Kuril Islands, a new passenger terminal, taxiways, a new apron, a runway (RWY), a landing system and lighting equipment were put into operation. The island operates Mendeleevskaya GeoTPP(geothermal power plant), which provides the island with heat and electricity. The energy of a volcano as a source of heat and light for a person is the principle of operation of this station. Commissioning in 2007 of the second stage of the station provided 100% of the heat demand of Yuzhno-Kurilsk. The planned modernization of the Mendeleevskaya GeoTPP will increase its capacity from 3.6 MW to 7.4 MW. 
On about. Kunashir has two fish processing plants - LLC PKF "South Kuril Fish Processing Plant" and LLC "Delta". of 25 people successfully copes with large volumes of incoming raw materials.In 2011, the first kilometers of asphalt were laid on Kunashir Island. 
Iturup Island- the island of the southern group of the Great Ridge of the Kuril Islands, the most large island archipelago. Population - 6387 people. Kurilsk is the administrative center of the island. In the village of Kurilsk, a modern microdistrict "Severny" has been built in recent years. Within its boundaries it is planned to build Grand Palace culture and sports, under the roof of which there will be a sports complex, a swimming pool, a cultural center and other institutions. In 2006, a modern fish processing complex "Reidovo" was launched on the island.. 
Six air-freezing chambers ensure the release of 74 tons of finished frozen fish products per day. 
On about. Iturup also has a fish processing plant "Yasny", equipped with a one-of-a-kind freezer tunnel for air freezing of fish, which allows you to continuously freeze 210 tons of finished fish products per day. There is a caviar shop, where 3 tons of caviar are produced per day. In addition, a salting shop with a capacity of 25 tons per day and a refrigerator with a capacity of 2300 tons of one-time storage. There are several more fishing enterprises, the largest of which are Skit, Bug, and Continent. The buildings of the Kuril secondary school for 250 students have already been built on the island, as well as a modern central district hospital with 50 beds with a polyclinic for 100 visits per shift. New hospital 
sports complex 
landscaping work 
In February 2012, two 8-apartment buildings were commissioned 
New airport Iturup is located on the sunny side of the island, which will allow you to easily get to the island even in bad weather. The extended 2.2 km long runway will accommodate all types of aircraft operating in the region. There is a geothermal spring with radon waters near Kurilsk. 
A few years ago, the springs consisted of two concrete vats for salting fish, in which vacationers took baths, not forgetting to dot the neighborhood with broken bottle glass. Improved geothermal springs by Gidrostoroy company 
Shikotan island- the largest island of the Lesser Ridge of the Kuril Islands. Malokurilskoe is the administrative center of the island. The population is about 2100 people. A deep-water pier has already been built and operated at the funds of the federal program in the Malokurilskaya Bay on Shikotan, and in the neighboring Krabozavodskaya Bay on the same Shikotan, the construction of a berth is nearing completion on the terms of co-financing - the own funds of CJSC Gidrostroy and the regional budget. 
Fish processing complex "Krabozavodsk" is equipped with the most modern equipment. 
the capacity of the workshop allows to receive and process up to 300 tons of raw fish daily. 
New kindergarten for 70 places (2010)
A few years ago, the Russian government drew attention to the Kuriles as a Russian outpost on Far East, deciding to create (first of all, on Iturup and Kunashir) an updated military and social infrastructure - on the basis of the one that existed since Soviet times.
Construction work in the active phase began in the second half of 2014. In a relatively short time, the forces of contracting organizations: Spetsstroy Rossii and Instrakt-Proekt carried out a preparatory stage for the normal operation of construction units. Temporary comfortable housing was prepared for workers and engineers (two residential towns are now functioning). Meals are organized in canteens, a bathhouse and laundries with dryers ( important point in the Kuril Islands with their unstable and dank weather). Delivered, mainly from the mainland, and placed the necessary contingent of qualified specialists: from drivers to concrete carpenters. They brought building materials, fuel and lubricants and the necessary new construction equipment: truck cranes, excavators, bulldozers, dump trucks and more. And the construction process began - both in the village of Goryachiye Klyuchi and in Burevestnik.
Pit pits appeared and the foundations of buildings began to be built. But then, for some time, there was a pause in construction work due to the fact that the Russian Ministry of Defense decided to increase the number of construction projects in all areas of the military social infrastructure in the Kuriles. And this led to the need to expand the built-up areas and, accordingly, to conduct additional surveys and design work.
Construction has resumed today. In Goryachichi Klyuchi, a residential complex of two-story buildings continues to be built. At the first stage, six such buildings should be built. The basis for them are steel frames sheathed with light hinged panels. Such structures are safe during earthquakes: they are designed for tremors with a force of up to nine or more points. In parallel, all engineering networks are connected to them: electrical, thermal, plumbing and sanitation.
It is planned to start construction of the Leisure and Sports Center in the near future, next in line is a hospital with 100 beds (medical and paramedical staff are already being recruited), a school and a kindergarten. Outdoor sports grounds will also be created. That is, everything will be done so that military personnel and their families, as well as civilian service personnel, do not feel cut off from the mainland. One thing will be required of them - to serve and work more efficiently than in the past. In order to intensify construction work in the future, we must mount another household camp for 150 people (now more than 300 people work) and add the number of construction equipment in anticipation of the already beginning warm season. But in order to accommodate the above objects, that is, to prepare construction sites for them, according to the construction management, it is necessary to demolish a number of existing old buildings and transfer engineering networks.
In addition to social facilities, active construction of military training campuses, parks for military equipment, warehouses and warehouses for various purposes. It is planned that some objects will be presented for acceptance by the state commission by the summer of this year.
It should be noted that more than 30 years have passed since the Soviet period of the construction of military camps on the Kuril Islands. People with such experience have been out of work for a long time, and a new generation of military builders is only gaining their experience in conducting construction work in a distant region with its own special climatic conditions. Of course, no one is pleased with the delay in the supply of building materials. It is on the delivery of materials that a significant share of construction costs falls. Most of them are absent on the island, and those that are available on Iturup, for example, inert materials, according to the laboratory conclusions of Spetsstroy of Russia, are not suitable for use everywhere because of their insufficient strength and frost resistance. Local materials can be used for filling, for some types of bases, for example, road. They cannot be used in the manufacture of critical structures, so military builders are forced to import the same crushed stone from across the sea, from Vladivostok. It is clear that such logistics are very expensive, although the material itself is quite inexpensive.
The bulk of building materials arrive on the island through the port terminal "Kurilsk", which allows JSC "Gidrostroy", which serves it, to earn decent money on unloading ships. The port's cargo turnover in 2015 amounted to about 70 thousand tons, of which building materials for military builders took about 45-50 percent. A number of island entrepreneurs who have their own trucks make money on the transfer of goods from the port to Goryachiye Klyuchi and Burevestnik (not the shortest shoulder by local standards). Of course, this is good for all participants in the delivery of materials. However, this situation does not suit the organizers of the construction, and it is clear for what reasons. Let me remind you that in the years of the USSR, cargo ships were unloaded almost next to construction sites in Kasatka Bay, temporary mooring facilities were used, which, by the way, did an excellent job with the tasks. Today we are talking about the need to build a capital deep-sea berth, similar to what is in the port of Kurilsk (after all, cargo must be imported not only for construction, but also for the regular supply of troops), and such a decision, according to our information, has already been made. In a good way, such a berth was needed "yesterday", but better late than never.
Builders are faced with the age-old Kuril problem - sending people to rest when changing shifts and going on vacation. As always, there are difficulties with the purchase of tickets in both directions, both for air transport and for sea transport. The management is trying to get around them, at least by organizing expensive charter flights, but this is not always possible, since everyone knows the situation with the availability of free "boards" in the Aurora airline.
It cannot be said that due to the reduction in the winter of 2015-2016. construction work in Kurilsk and Reidovo, some people with construction specialties went to work in Spetsstroy Rossii in Goryachiye Klyuchi. Of course, his personnel service does not take everyone who wants it, but makes a selection, but there is an opportunity for employment for the local people. Information about vacancies is submitted in Kuril center employment.
Significant for the island budget is the fact that Spetsstroy Rossii has registered its Iturup construction subdivisions (Main Department No. 2 and Spetsstroy-Service) in the Kuril region. So income taxes individuals working in these organizations will come to the district.
We add that the forces of Spetsstroy of Russia are carrying out construction on the neighboring island of Kunashir in almost the same volume.
At the end of March, it was announced that in the near future on the islands disputed by Japan, the Big Kuril ridge a basing point for ships of the Russian Pacific Fleet may appear. Earlier, there were statements about a serious strengthening of the Eastern Military District and garrisons on the disputed islands. Our Version figured out why, with the growing military threat on the western borders, there is a significant strengthening of the Russian military group in the Far East.
According to Sergei Shoigu, already in April the Navy will conduct a three-month expedition to the islands of the Greater Kuril ridge, the purpose of which will be to study the possibilities for creating a new Pacific Fleet base in the Kuriles. According to the Minister of Defense, the islands have an important military-strategic location to ensure territorial integrity and national security Russia, which is why the deployment of bases here "will help the country to more effectively solve these problems." Earlier, the Ministry of Defense emphasized that a planned rearmament of the forces stationed in the Kuril Islands is being carried out. In 2016, it is planned to transfer powerful and modern weapons to the region, including the Bal and Bastion coastal missile systems, as well as new generation drones.
At the same time, the Russian leadership understands that such activity will complicate relations with Japan. It is no coincidence that Viktor Ozerov, a former military man and now head of the Federation Council committee on defense and security, has already urged Tokyo not to consider the possible deployment of Russian warships in the Kuril Islands as a threat. However, he noted at the same time that the number of ships of the Pacific Navy that can be deployed in the Kuril Islands will depend on the quality of relations with Japan and other states of the Asia-Pacific region.
Japan already today can return the Kuriles by force
The dispute between Russia and Japan over the "northern territories", as the South Kuriles are called in Japan, has been going on for more than 60 years, and so far no compromise has been reached through diplomacy. Therefore, in response to Shoigu's statements in Japan, they immediately stated that the strengthening of military infrastructure in the disputed territories was of concern to them. The main reason is that the Kuril Islands are of great economic and military-strategic importance for the entire region. And above all for Russia: the deep-water strait between the islands of Kunashir and Iturup, which does not freeze in winter, is the only way out to the ocean for the Pacific Fleet. That is why the question of the return of the islands to Japan, in principle, can hardly be resolved positively.
Today, none of the parties intends to concede, it seems that political methods have been exhausted, but no one believes in the prospect of a fourth war between Japan and Russia. Although, as recent events show, the situation in the world can change dramatically in a matter of weeks. So the military potentials of countries can play an important role in this dispute. And here, unfortunately, much is not in favor of Russia. According to experts, too few forces are concentrated in the east, while the units are scattered at a great distance from each other. Another problem for the Eastern Military District, which ensures the security of the Kuril ridge, is its remoteness, which does not allow to increase the grouping of troops in a short time. Therefore, experts believe that, theoretically, Japan is already today capable of carrying out a lightning war by quickly landing on the Kuriles, capturing harbors and anchorages, and covering all this from the sea and from the air. That is why Russia's attention to the military component of the Kuril Islands is so great. Moreover, it arose against the background of the strengthening of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. So, in mid-July, amendments to the law were adopted in the Land of the Rising Sun, which allow the use of the Japanese army to help protect their allies outside the country. The amendments also expanded the ability of Japanese forces to conduct peacekeeping operations abroad.
In addition, in recent years, the Japanese have significantly strengthened their armed forces. Today, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force is one of the most powerful in the Asia-Pacific region and is more than 2 times superior to the Russian Pacific Fleet. In total, the Japanese Navy has more than 250 modern warships and auxiliary vessels and boats, including one light aircraft carrier and four destroyer-helicopter carriers. Most destroyers are equipped with anti-submarine helicopters and anti-ship missile systems with American Harpoon missiles. Landing ships are represented by pennants of the Osumi type, tank landing ships Miura, Atsumi, small landing ships of the Yura and Yusotei types. With them, the Japanese are able to transfer up to one brigade of ground forces at a time. There is even a light Hyuuga-class aircraft carrier.
There are 20 diesel submarines in service: 7 of the Harusio type, armed with Harpoon anti-ship missiles (ASMs). The Oyashio submarines are silent, with a 20-knot underwater course, capable of firing from six bow torpedo tubes (533 mm) with torpedoes or Sub-Harpoon missiles. There are two boats of the Soryu type - with an increased diving range.
Alexander Khramchikhin, head of the analytical department of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis:
- The re-equipment of the Eastern Military District and the division on the Kuril Islands, of course, is taking place as part of the planned re-equipment of the Russian Armed Forces, this has been talked about for a long time. Apparently, within the framework of this, the Kuril group will be re-equipped, perhaps special attention will be paid to it. The reason for this re-equipment is obvious - these islands are disputed by Japan, while they are very isolated in geographical reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to have a grouping there that is capable of fully autonomously repelling an enemy attack for some time.
The Pacific Fleet is recovering, but slowly
At the same time, the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, battered by the post-Soviet timelessness, is not recovering as rapidly as we would like. Today, about a hundred ships remain of its former power, and a third of them are under repair, reserve or conservation. At the same time, the Pacific Fleet is divided into two groups, which are based in Kamchatka and in Primorye. The part remaining in Primorye, in fact, has turned into a small flotilla of heterogeneous forces, where the main combat power is the Varyag missile cruiser, which has crossed the 20-year mark.
Submarines are stationed in Kamchatka. The 16th squadron of submarines is armed with Project 949A Antey submarine cruisers of the same type as Kursk, Shchuka-B nuclear torpedo boats (Project 971), diesel-electric Varshavyanka and strategic boats 667BDR.
The Kuriles are directly defended by the 18th machine gun and artillery division of 3.5 thousand people. The 46th machine gun artillery regiment is located in Kunashir, the 484 machine gun artillery regiment is located in Iturup. At the same time, the division is extremely poorly connected with the mainland, especially in winter time. This means that the garrison is highly dependent on the weather, the delivery of ammunition, food and medicine from the mainland will be difficult. All weapons and equipment of the regiment are obsolete, according to various estimates, up to 80% of equipment and weapons require overhaul or should be decommissioned. Only last year there were reports that the division received T-80 tanks, this, of course, is not the most modern weaponry, but if we recall that earlier IS-2, IS-3 and T tanks dug into the ground were used to create strongholds -34, then this is a serious progress.
According to some information, last year on disputed islands The coastal anti-ship missile system "Bal", adopted by the RF Armed Forces in 2008, was deployed. It is designed to control territorial waters and strait zones, protect naval bases, other coastal facilities and coastal infrastructure. It is also reported that in this moment there is a modern air defense system in the Kuriles - the Tor and Buk complexes are constantly on alert. There have been repeated statements that the Ministry of Defense is considering the option of deploying modern S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems in the Kuril Islands, but so far this is in the plans.
However, it looks like they will now be accelerated. IN Lately announced the creation modern infrastructure. The construction of military camps and the re-equipment of units based there have begun in the Kuril Islands - by the end of 2016, 392 objects of various purposes will be built in Iturup and Kunashir. Thus, the Ministry of Defense is preparing to seriously strengthen the "eastern front" of the country, problems on which in the event armed conflict can arise much more than in the western.
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Ruslan Tsalikov / Photo: function.mil.ru
Yesterday, Deputy Defense Minister Ruslan Tsalikov and Director of Spetsstroy Alexander Volosov checked the construction of infrastructure facilities for military camps on the Iturup and Kunashir islands of the Kuril chain.
During the working trip, R. Tsalikov and A. Volosov inspected the construction sites of infrastructure facilities of the machine gun and artillery division stationed on southern islands Kuril ridge.
“During the construction of new military camps, technological solutions are used that take into account the climatic and seismic features of the region of deployment”
The construction of military and social facilities on the islands of the Kuril chain has not been carried out since the late 1960s. At present, Spetsstroy of Russia in Kunashir and Iturup has launched a large-scale construction of two base military camps according to standard designs. Under the terms of state contracts, a phased construction of residential and barracks zones, a utility and warehouse zone and sectors of club and sports facilities is envisaged.
Next year, the builders will have to complete the reconstruction and new construction of more than 220 facilities, including more than 40 residential buildings and hostels, 2 schools, 2 kindergartens, 2 universal sports complex with swimming pool, ice rinks, canteens, hospitals and clinics, shops, cafes, as well as combat training facilities and supporting infrastructure.
The commissioning of infrastructure facilities for military camps will be carried out in stages, as the launch complexes are ready. During the construction of new military camps, technological solutions are used that take into account the climatic and seismic features of the region of deployment.
Following the results of the trip, R. Tsalikov instructed to increase the pace of construction work and optimize the processes associated with the passage of state examinations. He recalled that the construction of military infrastructure facilities on the Kuril Islands is monitored weekly by the leadership of the military department during thematic conference calls in National Center defense management.
Construction of military facilities / Photo: function.mil.ru
reference Information
Currently, more than 250 complex facilities are being built and reconstructed on the territory of the Central and Eastern Military Districts, including housing construction for 16.8 thousand apartments in Syzran, Vilyuchinsk, Engels, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Ulan-Ude and other cities.
In addition, in accordance with the plans for the development of the Armed Forces, more than 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation are equipping the existing and building a new infrastructure for quartering troops, and active construction is underway in the Arctic zone.
The construction and arrangement of military camps is carried out according to standard projects using the technologies of pre-fabricated steel structures and awning mobile shelters.
MOSCOW, Press Service and Information Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
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The Japanese Foreign Ministry has already responded to this information, saying that Tokyo is "closely monitoring the movement of Russian troops" and is studying the issue of building a Russian Navy base in the Kuril Islands. So why would Russia need a base in the Kuril Islands, the appearance of which will certainly provoke discontent on the Japanese side, and where will it be located?
Let's start with the fact that from a military point of view, the Kuriles should be considered a strategic territory, if only because we still do not have a peace treaty on these borders with our closest neighbor Japan, and the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan, Iturup and the Habomai archipelago Tokyo still considers its "northern territories". At the same time, the United States has its military installations on the territory of Japan itself.
In particular, of great strategic importance for the United States is japanese island Okinawa. In fact, this is an outpost of the Pentagon in the Pacific Ocean. It deployed a whole network of military bases, training grounds and airfields. There is a US military air base Kadena, which plays an important role for the American presence in Southeast Asia. In addition, about 16,000 American marines. In total, about 30,000 US troops are stationed in Okinawa - about half of the total US military contingent in Japan.
Even if it is theoretically assumed that a potential enemy captures the Russian Kuriles, this immediately opens up for him a direct path to the entire territory of Russia from Pacific Ocean. That is why in Soviet times the Kuriles were reliably protected by large groupings of troops. In particular, a powerful division of the Marine Corps was stationed there. But then, with the collapse of the Union, the number of troops in the Kuriles began to rapidly decrease. It was expensive to supply troops from the center, the authorities rarely got there for inspections, and numerous reformers preferred to “cut” and “optimize” rather than prove the need to strengthen the Far Eastern group. So, in fact, the current decision to create a naval base here is just a restoration of the "status quo" - the previously existing situation.
It is known that today the 18th machine gun and artillery division, numbering up to three and a half thousand people, is based in the Kuriles. It is well equipped with self-propelled artillery, air defense systems, rocket artillery and tanks. An attack from the sea on the island of Kunashir is capable of repelling the Bal complexes, and on the Iturup island - the Bastion complexes.
In addition to missile systems, coastal units are reinforced with Leer-3 universal highly automated systems, which include control stations and Orlan-10 drones, which can use various types of troops - from motorized riflemen and tankers to electronic warfare units.
However, according to the military, for the antiamphibious defense of the islands, as well as for a more tangible military presence of Russia in the area, especially given that the Japanese still claim them, it is still necessary to strengthen the naval grouping.
Now parts of the Pacific Fleet there are actually divided into two components - one is based in Vilyuchinsk, the other - in Vladivostok. "An intermediate base is absolutely necessary," said Alexander Khramchikhin, deputy director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis.
It is not yet clear which of the Kuril Islands will become the site for the deployment of a new military facility of the Russian fleet. But the military department has been thinking about this task for a long time. Our sailors have repeatedly carried out many months of expeditionary trips around the islands of the Great Kuril ridge with the aim (Sergey Shoigu himself told about this) to study the possibility of a promising basing of the forces of the Pacific Fleet.
In particular, a joint expedition of the Ministry of Defense and the Russian Geographical Society (by the way, like the military department, it is also headed by Sergei Shoigu) visited Matua island, which the Japanese used as a naval and air base during World War II.
Matua is an island in the middle of the Kuril chain, formed by volcanic activity. By the way, Japan does not claim it, which is important if we consider the island as a potential site for the base of the Russian Navy. From this point of view, Matua is very well located. There are still three runways left from the Japanese. And the participants of the joint expedition were very surprised when they found that, taking into account the wind rose, even the most modern aircraft in almost all weather conditions.
According to a number of military experts, it is this island that is most likely to be considered as the location of the new Russian naval base.
