Choosing what to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long trips narrow the range of choices vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular modes of transport.
Public opinion
"What is the safest transportation?" - this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout the time, the opinion of Russians has not changed much. Considered safe:
- Metro - 69%;
- bus and tram - 68%;
- trains - 51%;
- cars -48%;
- trolley bus - 40%;
- ferries - 38%.
It is interesting to see how the attitude of people towards air travel has changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the aircraft as the safest mode of transport. The following year, the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.
Director of the center V. Fedorov notes that information affects the indicators. Major plane crashes 2013 caused a drop in citizens' confidence in aircraft.
Statistics
Official data differ from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the death rate is determined for different vehicles.
There are several methods. The most accurate and common is the calculation of the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.
Each transport group has the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average option "as a whole" is taken. American Bureau of Statistics DERT in 2000. calculated the crude death rate as follows:
- Aircraft - 0.5;
- buses - 0.4;
- trains - 0.6;
- minibuses - 1.2;
- water transport - 2.6;
- cars - 3.1;
- bicycles - 44.6;
- on foot - 54.2;
- motorcycle - 108.9.
Based on the coefficient of flights - 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km in order for him (according to statistics!) to have an accident. According to statistics, the most safe view transport is an airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.
Aviation-safety.net has been tracking aviation accidents since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017 in the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.
In the first five months of this year, in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the safest cars are not able to reduce this number.
According to regnum.ru, for 5 months the trains had the least results: 41 people were killed, 172 were injured.
Planes take to the air every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give a general idea of the number of victims over the same period of time. Yearly from the wreck air transport about 1000 people die railway- up to two thousand.
Aviation
The safest means of transportation is not a car. In addition, the opinion that it is impossible to survive in a plane crash is also erroneous. If we refer to the resource table for registering incidents, we can see that in most cases there were no casualties. 500 accidents in the United States over 20 years accounted for 5% of deaths.
If we take from the sum only major crashes, then the mortality rate will be about 50%.
In 2007, Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on an airplane. The journalists analyzed the data of the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on the place.
The number of aircraft survivors as a result of accidents, depending on the landing site Nearly 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. Survive 56% of those sitting above the wing. The main impact in a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.
There are also statistics on the safest aircraft. Here are the top five:
- Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type have been produced in 24 years. During 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and no one was injured;
- Airbus A330 - 577 copies. 1 accident per 14 million flight hours. Total lost 8 pieces, 346 deaths;
- Boeing 747 - 1 accident in 17.5 million departures. 941 ships are in operation, 51 are lost as a result of accidents, 3732 people died.
- Boeing 737 NG - since 1997 3 tragedies occurred (1/17 million hours).
Interesting fact: Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to the destination, without emergency landings.
The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 copies since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. In the entire history, one ship has been lost. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account hostilities and terrorist attacks..
Motor transport
Oddly enough, the car familiar to us is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about your safety in the car. The testauto.ru resource publishes the data of the largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.
In the column overall score, “excellent” is given to Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedess E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee.
Such popular brands as BMV 3 series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.
The main criteria for scoring are frontal and side impacts, coups, child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other assessments in detail on the indicated site, but we have listed all the excellent students. most safe car in the world the source calls the Volvo XC90 with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.
Interestingly, in the evaluation system of some crash tests there is an indicator "pedestrians". Unfortunately, if you look at the table, it becomes clear that these road users are practically not protected by anything. Be careful on the roads!
Safe seats in the cabin
Automobile
Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced it's behind the driver's seat. If the vehicle is hit in the side, then the chances of salvation will be equal for the driver and the passenger sitting behind.
The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. So the middle between the two rear seats is considered the most safe place in car.
Public transport
Least dangerous to occupy central places public transport. The logic is similar: the highest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.
It is also not recommended to sit on the back four rows. On the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.
Other payment options
This article considers one option for calculating safety, in terms of passenger-kilometers. The question can be answered in terms of the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, the buses will come out in first place, and the planes will go down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will move to seventh place.
All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Extras use different algorithms. It is enough for us to know that it is safer to travel by land for short distances, and by air for long distances. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is unbeatable in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.
We introduced you to the transport safety calculation systems, introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the word is yours. What is your preferred means of transportation? We are waiting for your comments!
Statistics and public opinion on this issue vary greatly. One thing is for sure: There are no absolutely safe modes of transport.. Nevertheless, many fears of passengers before using this or that mode of transport are unfounded.
According to a survey conducted by the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) in 2006, aircraft are in last place in terms of safety, and railway transport got in first place.
A positive assessment of it is given by 70% of respondents, and only 15% consider it “certainly dangerous”. Aviation received negative reviews. 84% of respondents believe that such travel is dangerous, and 33% - that it is very dangerous. Similar assessments were water transport: 44% perceive it as a dangerous way to travel, and only 39% as safe. And the most popular form of transport - road - is rated ambiguously: 48% consider it safe, 50% - dangerous.
The statistics say otherwise. Aircraft is considered the safest, followed by water and rail transport.. But cars are considered the most dangerous means of transportation. The data are calculated based on the number of victims when using a particular mode of transport.
We feel most secure in. But according to statistics, the number of accidents is much higher than in. Usually they are not so massive and receive less public outcry.
According to ICAO (International Organization civil aviation- the UN agency that establishes international standards for civil aviation), there is one accident per million departures, which cannot be said about car and other accidents. But any plane crash, even the smallest aircraft, immediately attracts media attention. This contributes to the formation of a negative opinion about aviation as a very dangerous form of transportation.
However, the investigation of air crashes suggests that they occur due to a combination of the rarest circumstances, the possibility of which is minimal (air crash statistics).
The probability that a passenger boarding a plane will die in a plane crash is approximately 1/8,000,000. If a passenger boards a random flight every day, it will take him 21,000 years to die.
It is also erroneous to think that in the event of a plane crash, the chances of surviving are minimal. According to the results of the analysis of 568 aviation accidents that occurred in United States from 1983 to 2000, fatalities account for only 5% of total passengers on board. According to these statistics, out of 53,487 people involved in air crashes, 51,207 survived. As a result of a more detailed study of 26 serious accidents, accompanied by strong impacts of the liners on the ground, breaking them into pieces and fires, it turned out that about 50% of the people on board were saved in these disasters (how to survive in a plane crash).
The probability of survival of the crew of passengers and pilots is increased if the aircraft makes an emergency splashdown, even if it was not designed for such measures. Experts say that splashdown increases the chances of people surviving by 50%.
Against the background of the statistics of air crashes, the statistics of accidents on the roads does not look very rosy. Only in Russian Federation 203,603 traffic accidents occurred in 2009, resulting in 26,084 deaths and 257,034 injuries.
Of course, if we take as a basis the number of kilometers traveled, then the safest mode of transport can be safely considered space. In the entire history of development, only 3 spaceship did not reach the ground (2 for the Americans and 1 for us). By the way, space tourism, despite its cost, is becoming increasingly popular, and the number of people wishing to visit space is constantly growing.
Despite the dry statistics, people always remain in their opinion and think that it is safest to move around. ground transport. In fact, this is not at all the case, but the frequent and terrible air crashes have settled in the minds of hundreds of thousands of people. Today there will be another attempt to convince you that it is safest to fly by plane.
3. Road transport
This mode of transport accounts for the most accidents and deaths. So, taking into account statistical data, the death rate in road transport is:
1.5 car drivers or 42 bikers per 160 million kilometers traveled.
Hence another conclusion: Mortality of motorcycle drivers in 28 times higher than the death rate of car drivers.
Rail transportation is in second place in terms of safety.
The proportion of deaths on the railway is 0.9 passengers per 160 million kilometers.
1. Planes
The safest mode of transport is air. Planes go through tough pre-flight preparation are constantly being modified, their safety is enhanced by new developments. According to statistics, the death rate in American civil aviation is 0.6 people per 160 million kilometers, in domestic aviation: 0.7 people per 160 million kilometers. The site presents
calculate, what mode of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, finding this data is not difficult, because thanks to tickets, each person is taken into account. But there are problems with road transport. Tracking the movement of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store is not possible - after all, no one passes registration to leave on the threshold of their home.
Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from the data of the National Union of Insurers, which keep statistics on registered insurance cases from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.
> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km
Although the number of motorcycle accidents has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle still remains one of the most dangerous modes of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of the way are paid for by the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.
A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. The reason is non-compliance with the rules of the road, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.
5.75 people per 1.6 billion km
In second place in terms of the number of road accidents are private cars. In total, at least 5.75 people die in 1.6 billion kilometers of the way.
The reasons are both the unwillingness of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration in the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that road transport in Russia will not be safe for a long time to come.
9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers
Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international, but intercity. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those parts where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is the reason for such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. Have to fall from high altitude, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.
5 dead per 1.5 billion km
Fixed-route taxis are by no means the safest form of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion kilometers traveled by a minibus are paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named both the work of drivers for wear and tear, and the design miscalculations of minibuses, the condition of the roads, the unwillingness to follow the rules of the road and driving while drunk.
2.84 injured per 1 million transported
In 2018, there were several major accidents involving intercity buses, including a tragic accident in the Voronezh region, when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. injured or killed at least 2.84. In total for 2018 trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.
2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total for 2018 during maritime and river travel there were 62 incidents that ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers carried, there are 2.3 accidents.
Passengers on sea and river vessels are threatened not only by the elements of water, but also by fire. One of the most common causes of transport accidents is a sudden outbreak of fire on board a vessel, usually caused by a faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that the Russian domestic fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the ships have celebrated 40 years of operation.
Probability of dying: 1:11,000,000
The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Association of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the risk of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.
That's why the plane is the safest mode of transport: according to statistics, the odds of dying in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. For comparison: the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!
0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains. In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven accidents were registered. Unfortunately, there were no deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.
More and more people prefer to use one of the safest modes of transport, and this cannot be explained by price alone. After all, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 in trains long distance transported almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.
0.09 cases per million transported
Trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, there are only 0.09 accidents for every million passengers carried. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.
The reasons for the low injury rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In a collision, for example, with a car, the car will have much worse. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.
0.04 affected out of 1,000,000 people
The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million arrivals from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:
- it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
- less noisy;
- completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
- of all urban transport causes the least harm to the environment.
Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which is simply unable to support a separate line. In total, over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest mode of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?
