There are skyscraper hotels and bungalow hotels, there are hotels in caves and even ship hotels. But only in Montenegro there is an island hotel! And Montenegro is the only one of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, on the territory of which not a single shot was heard over all these years.
The name of the country was given, it turns out, by the Turks, who for five centuries tried to conquer this wonderful corner of southern Europe, but failed to the end. The mountains in Montenegro are really suitable for holidays in Montenegro almost to the very Adriatic Sea, which explains the wonderful climate in the country's seaside resorts. Here the current begins, washing then other countries of the Adriatic, and that is why the cleanest sea water is near the coast of Montenegro. The nature of Montenegro is so well preserved that it even received the status of "ecological country". Sandy and pebble beaches The Adriatic stretches for 73 km, and the "Velika Plaža" in Ulcinj has a length of 13 km.
On the only fiord in southern Europe - the Bay of Kotor - there is a resort with its own microclimate and therapeutic mud, which helps in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The city located here with towers and palaces of the 7th - 8th centuries and ancient shipyards reminds of the historical ties between Montenegro and Russia. Peter the Great sent his future navigators to these shipyards for training, and one of the local Montenegrin sailors became a Russian admiral.
Another unique attraction of Montenegro is Skadar Lake, located below sea level and representing a true bird kingdom. Excursions to the canyon of the Tara River with a depth of 1300 meters and to the mountainous region of Lovcen with the mausoleum of Petar Petrovich Negosh, the spiritual leader and ruler of Montenegro, whose poems every Montenegrin knows by heart, are very interesting. The Ostrog Monastery with the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog makes a stunning impression on Russian tourists, and the embalmed hand of John the Baptist is located in the wall of the Cetinje Monastery in the old capital.
Montenegro is located 3 hours from Moscow by direct flight. Montenegrin resorts Just not far from the airport and lies in the sea is the same island hotel where celebrities such as Sophia Loren, Stallone, Claudia Schiffer and our ex-world champion Karpov rest. The vacationer receives the key to his room immediately upon entering the island, where rooms and apartments of the highest "star" provide all imaginable types of services, but most importantly - the possibility of a quiet, secluded holiday surrounded by pristine nature. Not so expensive hotels are located, for example, in the resort, which was awarded the Grand Prix for the best beaches in Europe. And you can have a royal rest at the resort, which was part of the territory at the palace of the Serbian royal family Karadjordjevics.
Republic of Montenegro is located on the Balkan Peninsula and is an integral part of the Commonwealth of Serbia and Montenegro. In 1991, Montenegro was proclaimed a country of pure, untouched and protected nature. Local unique nature is under state protection.
Climate
In northern Montenegro - temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean. IN central regions countries are always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summer is usually long, hot (+23-25 C) and rather dry, winter is short and cool (+3-7 C). The mountainous regions have moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold (+5 to -10 C), snow-rich winters. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, more than 3000 mm falls in places. In the northern regions of Montenegro, snow lies up to 5 months a year.
When is the best time to go to Montenegro
The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. The tourist season in Montenegro usually starts in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so the swimming season is equal in duration to the tourist one.
Montenegro belongs to the Central European time zone
Moscow +2 hours
Saint Petersburg +2 hours
Kiev +1 hour
Minsk +1 hour
The voltage used is 220 V. An adapter according to the European standard is required.
Montenegro is one of the most popular tourist destinations Europe. Montenegro is mountains and plains, dense forests, crystal-clear waters of the Adriatic, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, piercingly clean air, as well as beautiful ancient cities, where different styles and cultures are harmoniously combined, thereby creating a unique flavor and atmosphere of comfort. The amazing natural wealth of this beautiful country, a wonderful climate, an abundance of historical, architectural and cultural attractions, combined with affordable prices, attract an increasing number of tourists to this little paradise.
Lord George Byron wrote about Montenegro:
“At the moment of the birth of our planet, the most beautiful of the meetings of land and sea took place in Montenegro ... When the pearls of nature were sown, a whole handful fell on this land ...”
The Republic of Montenegro covers the southwestern, coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the west, Montenegro borders on Croatia, in the northwest - on Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north, northeast and east - on Serbia, in the southeast - on Albania. The population of Montenegro is about 650,000 people. The Montenegrin coast has a coastal part with a length of 293 km, along the coast there are 14 islands with 15.6 km. coastline. 
Budva is a city in Montenegro, located in the central part of the Adriatic coast of the country. The city is the center of the municipal district of the same name. Budva was founded 2500 years ago, is one of the most ancient settlements on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. 
Budva and its environs form the Budva Riviera - the largest tourist center in Montenegro, famous for its sandy beaches, nightlife and fine examples of Mediterranean architecture. 
Most of the historical monuments are concentrated in the Old Town of Budva. Located on a peninsula that protrudes sharply into the sea, it is a corner of typical Venetian and Mediterranean architecture. Despite the devastating effects of the 1979 earthquake, by 1987 Old city has been completely restored. The old city is surrounded by a powerful fortress wall and pierced by narrow winding streets that lead to the city citadel, where the museum is now located. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches. 
A beautiful and graceful sculpture of a dancer, located on a rocky stone near Mogren Beach, has become an unofficial symbol of the city. This is the most famous and photographed landmark of Budva. This monument, according to legend, is associated with a romantic legend, and has become a symbol of true love, near which romantic natures like to be photographed and make wishes. 
Fortress walls 
The fortress walls of Budva from the sea 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (founded in the 7th century), with a bell tower - the architectural dominant of the old city. 
The Church of the Holy Trinity (built in 1804) is an Orthodox church built in a typical Byzantine style. characteristic feature is the bell tower "on a spinning wheel" with three bells. The facade of the church above the western gate is decorated with a rosette. A Greek icon painter painted the iconostasis of this church in the 19th century, and it is of exceptional artistic value. 
Budva Citadel (city fortress Kastel), built on a hill on the south side of the city. This is where the city walls begin and end. The fortress was first mentioned in 1425. 
Old town Budva 
Not far from Budva, within line of sight, is the island of St. Nicholas, one of the few islands off the coast of Montenegro. 
Marina for yachts and boats near the Old Town of Budva 
Budva is surrounded by beaches, most of which are either coarse sand or small pebbles. 
Ostrog Monastery is one of the most amazing and wonderful places in Montenegro. This is recognized by everyone who has visited it at least once. Carved into a sheer cliff at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level, the monastery is the embodiment of purity, fortitude and true faith, for which nothing is impossible. Due to its unique architecture and location, Ostrog, like a guiding star in the dark sky, is always clearly visible from afar, day and night. Looking at it, sometimes it begins to seem that the construction of such a temple cannot be the work of human hands, but is the result of divine providence. 
Today Ostrog is a functioning Serbian Orthodox monastery in Montenegro, located in the mountains 15 km from the city of Danilovgrad, at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. Founded in the 17th century. The monastery houses the relics of its founder, Saint Basil of Ostrog, one of the most revered saints of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The imperishable relics of St. Basil of Ostrog are still kept in one of the monastery churches, becoming one of the main Montenegrin relics. These relics are believed to have miraculous healing powers. 
It is believed that this is the third most visited place of pilgrimage for the Orthodox in the world, after the tomb of Christ and the holy mountain in Jerusalem. Ostrog is the only Orthodox active monastery, where not only Christians, but also followers of other religions come for pilgrimage purposes. 
Old Austrian fortress Kosmach. This fortress is perfectly visible from the highway Budva - Cetinje. The Kosmach fortress was built by the Austrians as a defensive structure on the border with Montenegro, which was then a semi-autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, in 1841-50. It is located on the top of Kosmach hill (hence its name). The fortress was a key one in the chain of border fortresses of Austria-Hungary. 
Sveti Stefan is a resort in Montenegro, located on the Adriatic coast, on the Budva Riviera, 5 kilometers southeast of Budva. Located on a small island, an isthmus between land and a natural island, appeared as a result of alluvial gravel layers. A very rare natural phenomenon. The island is closed to non-guests. The village of the same name adjacent to the island has a tourist infrastructure, and apartment prices, although higher than the average in Montenegro, are much more affordable than in a hotel on the island. 
For the first time the fortress was mentioned in the chronicles of 1442, when the inhabitants of the local village of Petrovichi met the Ottomans, who were trying to capture Kotor. After the victory, it was decided to erect a church and a fortress in honor of St. Stephen. Sveti Stefan was an important trading center and transport hub during the times of the Venetian Republic. Sveti Stefan was inhabited in the 15th century and for a long time represented a simple fishing village. Due to the economic crisis, the city began to decline. In the 1950s, 20 residents were relocated to the mainland, and Sveti Stefan turned into a luxurious hotel town. During the reconstruction, the appearance of the buildings, which number about 80, was not damaged. Holidays in Sveti Stefan were popular among many celebrities: at one time, the guests of the resort were Elizabeth Taylor, Sophia Loren, Claudia Schiffer, Carlo Ponti, Kirk Douglas, Bobby Fischer, Sylvester Stallone and others. 
Sveti Stefan Island is one of the most expensive resorts in Montenegro. There are 58 luxurious apartments here, including 8 in the world-famous Villa Milocer. The beaches on the island are about 2 kilometers long and consist of beautiful pink sand. The island is connected to the land by a small isthmus of gravel washed in layers, which in itself unique phenomenon- the isthmus is of natural, not artificial origin. 
Here is the cleanest sea in all of Europe and beaches with dark gray sand or the smallest pebbles. 
The Bay of Kotor is considered one of the most beautiful bays world and confidently ranks first among the most beautiful bays in Europe. Previously, it was even believed that the Bay of Kotor is the most southern fjord Europe. In fact, this is not so, but the landscapes are really very similar. 
Kotor is a city in Montenegro, the administrative center of the Kotor municipality. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, Kotor and the surrounding lands belong to the region of Dalmatia. The old part of the city is under the protection of UNESCO. Kotor is the administrative, cultural, religious, educational and economic center of Boka Kotorska. Throughout the history of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor, the main occupation of the locals was navigation and overseas trade. Therefore, Kotor has become one of the most important trading centers in this part of the Adriatic coast. 
Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Kotor Cathedral Kotor Catholic Diocese. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon has become the center of the spiritual life of the local Croats, who historically make up a significant part of the population of Kotor. This is one of the two Catholic cathedrals in Montenegro, along with the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, located in the city of Bar. The Cathedral of Saint Tryphon, despite numerous reconstructions, is an outstanding example of Romanesque architecture. The cathedral building was consecrated on July 19, 1166 in the name of St. Tryphon, who is considered the patron saint of Kotor. The building faced many trials; one of the most difficult moments in the history of the temple was the catastrophic earthquake of 1667. Its consequences were the destruction of part of the building, as a result of which both bell towers of the cathedral had to be rebuilt. Built of stone from the now Croatian island of Korcula, they acquired some baroque features. Between themselves, they were connected by a wide arch dividing the facade of the building horizontally. On the upper part of the facade there is a fairly large rose window, the arch forms a portico located directly above the entrance to the cathedral. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon is part of the World Heritage Site "Natural and Cultural-Historical Region of Kotor". 
In the northern part of old Kotor there is another building that attracts the attention of not only ordinary tourists, but also those who are interested in the history of Orthodoxy - this is the Church of St. Nicholas. The construction of the church began in 1902 on the foundation of a burned-out building, construction was completed in 1909 - the date of completion of construction is imprinted on the facade of the building. The well-known architect Choril Ivekovich worked on the design of the temple. Built in the Byzantine style, with one nave, with two bell towers on the main facade, the church is remarkably visible from the city wall, which adjoins it closely. The Church of St. Nicholas is the only Orthodox church in Kotor, in which divine services are performed daily. 
The old town of Kotor is rightfully considered one of the best preserved medieval urban centers on the Adriatic, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. cultural heritage. From 1420 to 1797 Kotor and its surroundings were under the control of the Republic of Venice and the Venetian influence remained dominant in the architecture of the city. The city walls were continuously built and rebuilt from the 9th to the 19th centuries. The walls surround the old city and rise to a rocky hill, on the slope of which Kotor is located. Their length is 4.5 kilometers, the height reaches 20 meters, and the thickness is 16 meters. On top of a hill at an altitude of 260 meters above sea level - the fortress of St. John 
The fortress of Kotor is one of the unique sights. The construction of the citadel was begun by the Romans, destroying the foundation and walls that the Illyrians had previously erected here. The Byzantines were the next to capture this strategically important bay: they destroyed the already dilapidated citadel and built a new one in its place. Further, the Kotor citadel was influenced by many different invaders. The Byzantines were replaced by the Arabs in the middle of the 9th century, followed by the Bulgarians, the Venetians and the Serbs. During the period of Venetian rule (15-17 centuries), the Ottomans tried to besiege the fortress. In the 18th century the fortifications went to the Habsburgs, and at the beginning of the 19th century. - The French Empire. True, France did not manage to bring anything of its own to the appearance of the fortress: in 1814, the British occupied the fortress. By decision of the Congress of Vienna, Kotor again returned to the fold of the Austrian Empire. In 1979, the fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
The fortress walls protect the old city from the north and southwest. Their length is 4.5 km, thickness - from 2 to 16 m, and height - 20 m. Amazing power! But the main reason why most tourists want to get here is 1460! steps (someone counted). To climb to the top of the mountain, directly to the fortress itself, they must be overcome. And the path is thorny and long: the first part is the green path (simple), the second is yellow (medium difficulty), the third is red (the most difficult and dangerous). Some steps are destroyed, in some places the road goes right over the cliff. 
View of the fortress walls of the city from the side of the river. 
Perast is an ancient city in Montenegro. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic Sea, a few kilometers northwest of Kotor. Perast lies at the foot of the hill of St. Elias (873 m), on a cape that separates the Risan Bay from the Bay of Kotor (which, in turn, are constituent parts of the Bay of Kotor), directly opposite the Verige Strait, the narrowest part of Boka. 
The name of the city is believed to come from the name of the Illyrian tribe of Pirusts. In the Spila cave above Perast, traces of the Neolithic culture (about 3500 BC) were found. Various archaeological evidences from the Illyrian, Roman and early Christian periods have also been found here. Founded by the Illyrians. Despite its small size, Perast is very popular among tourists - after all, it is one of the most beautiful examples of baroque architecture on the shores of the Adriatic. Each house in the city, and there are not so few of them, is like a real museum, and the surrounding beauties of the bay give Perast even more charm. According to the 2003 census, the city has 349 inhabitants 
There are two small islands near Perast: the Island of St. George and the Island of Gospa od Shkrpela 
One of the islands is called the island of St. George, it has a picturesque Benedictine abbey, which was first mentioned in 1166 as the property of the city of Kotor. The study of the few surviving fragments of the original architectural decoration led to the conclusion that the abbey existed at least as early as the 9th century. The island remained a Kotor possession until 1634, when the patronage over it passed to the Venetian Senate. The island was constantly under the threat of invasions and earthquakes. In 1535, the citizens of Perast killed abbot Pascal, who was elected by the city council of Kotor (as a sign of repentance, the Perastians rebuilt and expanded the church on the neighboring island). In 1571, the Turkish pirate Karadoz burned down both the abbey and the whole of Perast (restoration began only in 1603). During the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667, the abbey on the island of St. George was again destroyed. In 1812, the abbey was captured by the French, who were later expelled by the townspeople of Perast. In 1814 the abbey was captured by the Austrians. The abbey houses works of the 15th century by Lovro Marinov Dobrichevich, a famous painter from Kotor. 
Another island is called "Gospa od Shkrpela" (Italian: Madonna dello Scarpello, which means "Madonna on the Reef" or "Mother of God on the Rock" (from the Latin "scropulus" - "reef"). Gospa od Shkrpela is perhaps the only man-made island of the Adriatic and is located 115 meters northwest of the island of St. George.It was built on top of a reef after in 1452 two sailors from Perast, the brothers Morteshichi, found on it an icon of the Mother of God, which cured one of them from an illness "After that, the icon immediately became revered. Initially, the reef was only slightly above the surface of the water, but for 200 years the townspeople flooded captured pirate ships and their old ships next to it (in addition, a law was passed according to which every ship passing by the reef had to here throw a stone to the bottom.) This is how a plateau was created, the area of which is 3030 m². 
The Church of the Mother of God was built on the island (it took its modern form after the reconstruction undertaken after the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667). The church was built in the Byzantine style and reaches 11 meters in height. It is believed that the inhabitants of Perast built the church not only because they wanted to see the Virgin Mary as the patroness of their sailors, but also to consolidate their power over the man-made island, as opposed to the power of Kotor over the island of St. George. At the end of the 17th century, Perast reached the pinnacle of economic and cultural development, which helped decorate the Church of Our Lady on the Rock with many works of art. So, Andria Zmaevich invited Tripo Kokolya to decorate it, who spent about 10 years to complete the painting of the church. For centuries, the church received gifts from wealthy citizens and ship captains, and now is not only a temple, but also a treasury and art gallery. There are 68 oil paintings here. On the walls of the church you can see 2500 gold and silver "votive" plates, which the inhabitants of Boka Kotorska donated to the church "in fulfillment of this vow" for getting rid of various disasters. 
The canyons of the Tara and Moraca rivers are the most amazing corner of Montenegro. In our opinion, this excursion is considered the most interesting in Montenegro. For almost fourteen hours we traveled by bus along the winding Montenegrin serpentines. Flying to Montenegro and not going to see the canyons is almost the same as never going to the beach. In the photo - Canyon of the Moraca River. 
Truly amazing mountain landscapes and fantastic views of the rivers running somewhere far below opened up around every turn. Well, what can we say - the nature in Montenegro is simply amazing. 
Biogradsko Lake is often called the heart of the Biogradska Gora National Park - it really is central part and the most attractive destination for tourists visiting the region. This unique nature reserve, one of the most beautiful lakes of the entire Balkan Peninsula, is able to give a lot of pleasant impressions from the dense forests surrounding it, clean mountain air and clear blue water, which have remained unchanged for several centuries. 
Biogradsko Lake is located in an intermountain basin of glacial origin at an altitude of 1,094 m above sea level. It is the largest of the 6 lakes scattered throughout the Biogradska Gora National Park. The surface area is 228,500 m², the average depth is 4.5 m, and the maximum depth is 12.1 m. The Lavel stream and the Biogradskaya river flow into the lake. The river Jezerstica, which is a tributary of the Tara, flows out of Lake Biograd. 
Montenegro is famous for its many beautiful places. One of them is the Tara River Canyon, the deepest in Europe and the second in the world after the Grand Canyon! Around - beautiful mountains, gorges and waterfalls. The length of this miracle of nature is 82 km, in some places the height of the walls reaches more than 1300 meters. 
Huge massive mountains seem to hang overhead. 
One of the most beautiful places Tara Canyon - the bend of the river. In this place, it bends in the form of a huge horseshoe. 
The canyon is located between the mountains of Sinyaevina and Durmitor on the one hand, and Lubishnya and Zlatni Bor on the other, being part of the Durmitor National Park. The territory of the canyon with Durmitor Park is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
It is simply impossible to tell about the number of amazing landscapes that we managed to see. Not a single photo in any way conveys the fantastic beauty of this place; any description seems faded in comparison with reality. 
The Dzhurzhevich Bridge is a concrete arched bridge across the Tara River in the northern part of Montenegro. Located at the crossroads between the cities of Mojkovac, Zabljak and Pljevlja. The Dzhurdzhevich Bridge got its name from the name of the owner of the farm, which is located nearby. The Dzhurdzhevich Bridge was designed by Miyat Troyanovich. It was built between 1937 and 1940 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The chief project engineer is Isaac Russo. The 5-arch bridge has a length of 365 meters, the length of the largest span is 116 meters. The height of the carriageway of the bridge from the Tara River is 172 meters. At the time of its completion, it was the largest vehicular concrete arch bridge in Europe. The bridge has become the hallmark of the country. 
Yugoslav partisans in 1942, with the help of one of the bridge construction engineers, Lazar Yaukovich, blew up the central arch, while retaining the rest of the spans. The explosion of the longest span destroyed the only crossing of the Tara River Canyon in the area, which led to a halt in the advance of Italian troops in this part of Montenegro. The Italians became so angry that they were specifically looking for Lazar Yaukovich, and in the end he was captured and shot. The monument to the engineer stands at the entrance to the bridge. These events were depicted in the 1969 Yugoslav film The Bridge and the British film Hurricane from Navarone. The bridge was rebuilt in 1946. It is constantly visited by tour buses. For everyone on the Dzhurdzhevich bridge, there is a campsite with a parking lot, a shop, a hostel and a gas station. 
From the bridge of Dzhurdzhevich a magnificent view opens up. Feeling like you're floating in the air. There is a huge abyss under your feet and somewhere far below the waves of Tara are seething. 
Around the mountains, cliffs, forest, clean air ... the joy in the soul from this beauty is extraordinary! 
Durmitor National Park is a real miracle of nature in Montenegro. Ancient forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and alpine meadows spread over a vast area. Somewhere here small villages are lost, people in which live almost the same as they did many hundreds of years ago, without changing the centuries-old way of life. Durmitor is surely included in the list of the most interesting sights of Montenegro. The Durmitor National Park, established in 1952, includes the Durmitor mountain range, the canyons of the Tara, Sushitsa and Draga rivers, as well as the upper part of the Komarnitsa plateau. The total area is 390 km². In 1980 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Some believe that the word "durmitor" comes from the Celtic language and means - "mountains in which there are many waters", others - that from Latin this word means "sleeping, immersed in eternal sleep." During the ice age, everything here was covered with ice, and with the advent of the thaw, many beautiful mountain lakes formed. There are about 18 of them; the most famous of them is the Black Lake (“Crno Jezero”), which the locals called “black eyes”, because. a large lake flows through the isthmus into a small lake and forms a kind of eye. 
In addition to lakes, Durmitor is famous for its mountain peaks, some of which are covered with snow even in summer. The highest point of the mountain range is Bobotov Kuk; its height is 2523 m. This Peak has a strange but euphonious name and is said to be the highest mountain peak in the Republic of Montenegro. This is one of 48 peaks with heights of more than 2000 meters, located on the territory of the Durmitor mountain range. 
The Black Lake is comfortably located at the foot of the Bobotov Kuk mountain at an altitude of 1416 m. Its area is 516 m². The water in the lake is of high purity and transparency, it can be drunk without fear. The water in the lake is so clear that it can be seen to a depth of 9 meters. In fact, it consists of two small reservoirs - Big and Small, connected by a narrow strait. Among other things, the Black Lake is also very beautiful - a dense coniferous forest is reflected in its calm waters, which gives the reservoir a rich blue-green color. 
Durmitor is the embodiment of a real fairy tale. There are also icy lakes, and spacious meadows strewn with a variety of flowers, and thickets of dense coniferous forests, where you can always hear the birds singing and see squirrels jumping along the branches. 
The terrain of Montenegro does not favor the appearance of wide, even autobahns - most of the country is covered with mountains and hills, along which narrow serpentines and mountain roads. These very roads in Montenegro, in the mountains, are a real test for the driver and passengers - a lot of extreme impressions from the trip are guaranteed! 
Skadar Lake is one of the main attractions of Montenegro. Lake Skadar or Shkoder is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. It is located on the territory of two states Montenegro and Albania, 2/3 of the lake belongs to Montenegro. In 1983, Skadar Lake became a national park, this place is very beautiful, rich in fish and a huge number of birds, and there are numerous small villages on the coast. This is the largest natural freshwater reservoir in the entire Balkan Peninsula - its average area is 475 square kilometers! 
Lake reeds, southern reeds and narrow-leaved cattails, white water lilies, yellow water pods and chillim grow on the lake. The lake is rich in fish and waterfowl. Bleaks, carp, podust, freshwater eels, noble salmon, roach, shad, pachychilons, mullet and rudd are common. Birds are represented by at least 26 species. In winter, more than 200 thousand birds live on the lake. 
The area of the water surface of the lake is about 390 km², but can increase to 530 km² during winter floods. On average, the area is 475 km². The total length of the coast is 168 km: 110.5 km in Montenegro and 57.5 km in Albania. Max Depth the lake is more than 60 meters, the average is 6 m. 
The climate in the lake area is Mediterranean, with mild and rainy winters. The average January temperature is 7.3°C. Summer is dry and hot, the air is heated above 40 °C, the water is above 27 °C 
Skadar lake has rich history and culture, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds, medieval monasteries and churches, fortresses and local architecture (fishing settlements, bridges, mills and wells). On the lake islands, of which there are only 55, and on the shore, near the lake, there are many interesting historical sights and monuments, including ancient churches and active monasteries (Vranina, Starchevo, Beshka, Morachnik and others). 
The lake has been a protected National Park since 1983 and in 1996 was included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. 
Cetinje Monastery is an Orthodox monastery of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the historical and spiritual capital of Montenegro, the city of Cetinje. The monastery was built in 1484. The main shrine, which is kept in the monastery, is the imperishable right hand of St. John the Baptist. This is one of the most revered shrines of the Christian world, since according to the Bible, John the Baptist laid his right hand on the head of Jesus Christ during Baptism. 
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Chipur. 
The village of Njegusi is a quiet, peaceful place, which is located on the slope of Mount Lovcen at an altitude of 900 m above sea level in the municipality of the city of Cetinje. Now the village has turned into a real tourist town, in which there are no more than 50 houses and about 200 people live. This settlement is known for the fact that it produces the famous Negush prosciutto (cured pork ham), famous throughout Montenegro, as well as famous homemade cheeses and natural mountain honey. Here you can also see how this meat is produced, buy it as a souvenir or try prosciutto in local taverns. The fact is that it is here that nature itself has created ideal conditions for making prosciutto - a cool climate and mountain air that mixes with the sea. This is what gives the unique flavor of Njegusi prosciutto. 
Montenegro is very rich in the most amazing sights. Here you can see not only magnificent natural landscapes, but also ancient churches, temples, fortresses. Even the most successful photographs in no way convey the beauty that we will remember for a lifetime. No wonder Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky wrote: "One birth is not enough for me, I would grow from two roots, It's a pity that Montenegro did not become my second homeland ..."
Geographical position
Montenegro located in southeastern Europe, Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. Total area of the country is 13.8 thousand sq. km. Capital of Montenegro- city Podgorica(former Titograd).
Montenegro is washed by from South Adriatic Sea . State in the West Borders with Croatia, in North-west borders with Bosnia And Herzegovina,in the north-east- from Serbia, in the east- from Kosovo And Albaniain the southeast.
Total length of land borders state is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia- 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Until June 2006 Montenegro was part of a confederate State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Independence Montenegro received June 3, 2006.
The territory of the country conditionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, as well as the mountain systems of the east of the country. In the central part of the country there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica And Nikishich.
continental coastline Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. coastline length these islands is 15.6 km. In North-west Montenegro has a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which crashes into land on 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².
Total length of beaches Montenegro is 73 km, transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52,2 % rivers of the country belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47,8 % belong to the Adriatic Sea. The longest of which are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina(100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) And Boyana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers ( Moraca, Zeta And Beer) flow throughout the country. River Boyana used to be the only navigable river in the country. Currently, it is no longer navigable.
Almost all the rivers of the country are mountainous, they form fairly deep canyons. Tara river canyon counts deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.
famous Skadar lake is an the largest lake not only the country, but also the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shass Lake, area 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. The country also has 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin. Them total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. The highest point of the country is a mountain Bobotov Cook, (mountain range Durmitor). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in a zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky headlands.
In northern Montenegro climate temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean.
In the coastal region of the country, summer is most often long, dry and rather hot. Average summer air temperature here is +23-25 °С. Winter in this part of the country is short and cool, with average temperatures from +3 to -7 °C. In the mountainous regions of Montenegro, the summer is not so hot, the temperature here ranges from +19 to 25 °C. Winters are cooler here. - from +5 to -10 °C. Precipitation in this part of the country falls mainly in the form of snow. On Mount Durmitor it can fall out up to five meters. And here on the coast and in the basin of Lake Skadar snow falls very rarely. Total precipitation in Montenegro from 500 to 1500 mm per year. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain. In the mountains not far from the sea coast, over 3000 mm.
In the northern regions Montenegro snow usually lies until 5 months in a year. Number of hours of sunshine per year in Igalo is 2386 , and in Ulcinj - 2700 . Maximum sea water temperature in Montenegro - 27.1°C. Average sea temperature in summer is 24.7°С.
Dinaric mountain range(Orjen, Lovcen) rise above the coast in the form of a giant canopy. It prevents the penetration of the Mediterranean climate into the interior of the country.
The best time to visit the country is the period from May to September-October. Tourist season in Montenegro usually starts in April and continues until november. sea temperature within seven months fluctuates from +20 C to +26 C. The swimming season in Montenegro is equal in duration to the tourist season.
Visas, entry rules, customs rules
Currently for entry into Montenegro for less than 30 days Russian citizens visa is not required. Only neededinvitation or tour voucher.
To stay in the country over 30 days,need to issue visa valid for 3 or 6 months. You can do this at the Embassy of Montenegro. Extend your residence permit tourists can also directly in Montenegro. To this end, they will need to apply to the police station at the place of residence, to the migration officer.
For a visa charged Consular fee In Euro. To obtain a visa for a period of stay over 30 days Consular fee for citizens of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine is €60 . Additionally for a child included in the parents' passport, charged €6 . Consular fee for a child with own passport is €60 .
For registration for citizens of the CIS single-entry, tourist visa for a period of less than 30 days consular fee is charged €20 . Additionally for a child entered in the parents' passport, will have to pay €6 .
Passport to enter the country must be valid at least 2 weeks after the intended end of the trip.
For citizens of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus who do not have a preliminary hotel reservation or tour voucher, upon entering the country it will suffice to present valid passport and return ticket. Tourist in this case must register at the hotel or with the owners of the rented apartments within 24 hours after entering Montenegro.
Also in Montenegro tourist tax is charged. It is about 1 Euro per person per day of residence in the country. Register the tourist can at the Tourist Organization or at the travel agency. You can also do this at the police inspector for foreigners.
When entering Montenegro with pets such as a cat or a dog, necessary have a certificate from a veterinarian with you. It must contain data on the origin and state of health of the animal. There must be a note that the animal does not suffer from rabies. This certificate can be obtained from a veterinarian. The animal passes veterinary control at airports in Russia and Montenegro.
When departing from Montenegro need to pay airport tax at the rate of 15 euro.
Import and export foreign currency and securities in foreign currency no limit. Only large amounts of cash need to be declared.
Persons aged 18 and over, regardless of their nationality, can duty-free import into the country up to 200 cigarettes, up to 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or up to 250 grams of tobacco. Also allowed in Montenegro duty-free import up to 1 liter of strong alcoholic beverages and up to 1 liter of wine. You can import up to 250 ml of cologne and a reasonable amount of perfumes and other perfumes.
Personal items and sports equipment can be imported into Montenegro only within the limits of personal needs. This includes: 1 binoculars, 1 laptop, 1 shotgun with a set of ammunition, 1 bicycle, 1 set of fishing equipment, 2 tennis rackets, up to 2 cameras and 1 video camera, 1 tent, 1 pair of alpine skis, 1 musical instrument, 1 CD or MP3 player.
Most of these items no need to declare. Written temporary import declaration required only for the importation of camcorders, VCRs and other consumer electronics.
To country cannot be imported drugs, psychotropic and explosive substances, poisons. Besides, import prohibited counterfeit products, pesticides and certain medicines, raw gold and coins. Pets can be imported and exported only if all relevant veterinary regulations are observed.
From Montenegro can be exported a reasonable amount of perfume, tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Cannot be exported antiques from the country, if they are not accompanied by appropriate documentary evidence of the legality of their purchase.
When entering the territory of Montenegro by car from June 15, 2008 you need to pay environmental fee. The amount of this fee for vehicles with no more than 8 seats, is 10 euro. For vehicles weighing no more than 5 tons have to pay 30 euro, over 5 tons - 50 euro.For entry by trucks will have to pay 80-150 euros. In confirmation of the fee paid, a special sticker is glued to the windshield of the car. It is valid for 11 months.
Population, political condition
Population of Montenegro has about 700 thousand people.The bulk of the population constitute Montenegrins And Serbs.Albanians live mainly in the Ulcinj area. Bosniaks live in the north of Montenegro. also live here Greeks And Croats.
In recent years, real estate in Montenegro began to acquire foreigners. Now there are up to 40,000 foreigners here, permanently residing in coastal areas. The main part of them are CIS citizens, there is also a small amount Germans And British.
National composition of the population: Montenegrins- about 50 % ,Serbs - 31,99 % , Bosnians - 7,77 % , Albanians - 5,03 % , Croats - 1,10 % , Russians - 1,00 % , gypsies - 0,42 % , other- 5,56 % .
official languages Montenegro are: Serbian (85,7 % ) And Albanian (5,3 % ). The country uses Serbian Iekava dialect with equal use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. Also used Bosnian And Croatian.
Administratively, the territory of the country consists of 21 municipalities(region, community). These municipalities are named after their central cities.
To municipality Podgoricaincludes two city districts: city district Zeta and city district Tuzi.The central city of the county Zeta is Golubovtsy. It should be noted that Zeta is the name of the historical region, as well as ancient name Montenegro.
Capital of Montenegro is an Podgorica. The largest cities in the country: Podgorica, Niksic, Pljevlja, Bielo Pole, Herceg Novi, Berane And Cetinje.
Early 1990s Yugoslavia actually collapsed. Montenegro then remained in the same federal state with Serbia.May 21, 2006 years in the referendum 55,5% Montenegrins voted to leave the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro proclaimed its independence. The state was recognized by the international community.
October 20, 2007 was adopted Constitution of Montenegro. According to this constitution, Montenegro is a free, democratic, environmentally friendly state.
Power in the country subdivided into legislative, executive And judicial. President of Montenegro formally not included in the system of separation of powers. He elected for a five-year term by general direct secret ballot.
Legislature carried out in the country unicameral parliament, which is called Assembly. It consists of 81 deputy. Members of Parliament are elected 4 year by direct secret ballot. Elected 76 deputies, and 5 Albanian representatives are nominated from the Albanian minority.
executive power carried out in the country Government (Vlada). The composition of the government, at the proposal of the President, is approved by the Assembly.
Judicial system consists of two levels. Supreme Court Montenegro ensures the unity of law enforcement practice throughout the country. There are also in Montenegro constitutional Court.
Executive and legislative authorities Montenegro controlled " Coalition for European Montenegro» - DPSP And Social Democratic Party of Montenegro.
December 16, 2008 Montenegro applied for EU membership. The country's government is also seeking rapprochement with NATO.
What to watch
On the shores of the Bay of Kotor there are many interesting sights. The first settlers in these places appeared in ancient times. Of great interest to tourists is the bay itself, famous for its beauty. best view it opens from the adjacent rocky plateau. There are several bays, which are interconnected by narrow channels. These bays protrude inland for more than 20 km.
In the farthest part of it you can see medieval city Kotor. He is an architectural monument UNESCO. The old town of Kotor is located between the sea and the spurs of the Lovcen mountain range. The main attraction of the city counts Cathedral of Saint Tryphon. This cathedral was built in 1166 year. It was built on the foundations of an earlier church, which was dedicated to the patron and protector of the city. The height of the fortress walls of the city is up to 20, and the width - up to 15 meters. These fortress walls rise to the very fortress of St. Ivan, located high in the mountains. In the bay, opposite Perast, there are picturesque small islands Mrs. od Skrpela And Saint George.
City Herceg Novilezhit at the foot of the Orien mountain range. It is located at the exit from the Bay of Kotor. Here you can see the unique Botanical Garden which has evolved over several centuries. Currently, the garden has a large variety of tropical and subtropical plants. The most famous monument of history and architecture of the city counts Savina Orthodox Monastery (XI century). Tourists are also attracted ramparts, National Museum And old residential building.
City Budva located in the central part of the coast of the country. The old city is surrounded by high fortified walls. These walls were built XV century before the Turkish invasion. In the old part of the city you can wander through the narrow winding streets. In the center located Museum, used to be here urban citadel. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches: Church of St. Ivan of the 7th century, Church of Saint Mary of the 9th century And Church of the Holy Trinity. The latter was erected in 1804 year and is an Orthodox church in the Byzantine style. Not far from Budva there is a famous island hotel Saint Stephen. It has completely preserved the appearance of the medieval city.
Ancient Bar first mentioned in IX century. In fact, it was built by the Romans. A fortress has been preserved here since the Turkish invasion. Hai Nehai. In the city, tourists can also see 12th century St. George's Cathedrals And Saint Nicholas XIV century. Next to the Old Bar Mirovice, growing one of the oldest olive trees in the world. His age is over 2000 years.
Ulcinj is an the southernmost city in Montenegro. There are long, beautiful beaches here. In addition, here you can see historical sights. city museum is a real historical and cultural complex. Tourists can also see remnants of the Venetian walls and visit ethnographical museum. The architecture of the old city shows the influence of different styles and eras.
On the territory of Montenegro in its different parts are located 4 national parks. "Durmitor" located in the mountains in the northwest, a park " Biogradska Gora" located in the north, "Lovcen" - in the mountains along the coast, but " Skadar lake" located on the plains in the southeast of the country. most large area occupies the territory of the National Park " Durmitor". Here you can also see the famous Tara river canyon. This canyon is considered deepest in Europe and is under the protection of UNESCO. Tourists can go to a tour of it on rafts or rafts. There is also a picturesque medieval fortress . Very beautiful canyons of the rivers Piva, Moraca, Sushitsa, as well as glacial lakes, which are located in the mountainous part of Montenegro.
Biograd forest is one of the last untouched forests in Europe. Very popular with tourists is the beautiful Skadar lake. live here large bird colonies. In the national park" Lovcen"you can admire the unique mountain landscape. In addition, here at Lake Peak located Mausoleum of Peter II Petrovich Negush.
Montenegro is quite a religious country. There are many monasteries and churches here. In total, there are about fifty monasteries in the country, more than thirty of them are active.
Cultural capital of Montenegro- city Cetinje, lies on the slopes of Mount Lovcen. This city was founded in XIII century. It is a real open-air museum. Its main shrine counts Cetinje Monastery built during the period from 1484 to 1785. The monastery stands in the very center of the city. Within the walls of this monastery unique sacred relics are kept, such as: embalmed hand of Saint John the Baptist And part of the cross on which the Savior was crucified. There is also here the first printed book of the southern Slavs - "Octoechos", which appeared in 1494 year.
Monastery Ostrog was founded in XVII century. Its peculiarity is that it is carved into the rock at a height 900 m above sea level. Numerous pilgrims from all over the world come here. This monastery houses relics of St. Basil of Ostrog- a miracle worker-healer, who is revered throughout the Orthodox world.
Close to Kolasin located Moraca Monastery. This monastery was built over 750 years ago. It stands in a picturesque place above the stormy river Moraca. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin at Moraca monastery is the tomb of the rulers. In this temple you can see magnificent frescoes. Among them there is a unique cycle, which is dedicated to prophet Elijah. The monastery also houses Church of Saint Nicholas And St. Stephen's Archdeacon Church.
The territory on which modern Montenegro is located was formerly part of the Roman Empire. At that time it was called Dyukla (Doclea). The first Slavic tribes began to settle in this region of the Balkan Peninsula in VI century. Slavic Balkans became in VIII century.
Christianity appeared on the territory of Montenegro in VII century. When the Empire was divided into Western, Roman, Eastern and Byzantine, a border passed through this region. In addition, the churches here were divided into Roman And Orthodox. This determined the historical position of Montenegro on the border of the Slavic and Mediterranean peoples. It mixed different cultures and economic systems.
The state included the territory near Lake Skadar, as well as the nearby mountains. First Prince Dukley was Vladimir. Dukla was renamed to Zetu. IN 1040 In the same year it gained independence and became the first independent state in the Balkans to receive Byzantine recognition. The country reached its greatest prosperity at the end XI century. Then she controlled almost the entire territory of modern Bosnia and Serbia.
The modern name Montenegro was first mentioned in the chronicles of the monastery of St. Nicholas in Vranzhin related to 1296 year. That was the name of the area around Mount Lovcen. It looked black from the dense forest growing on it.
In the Middle Ages, Zeta was a small feudal state. The country had to win back its independence from the encroachments of Albania, Venice, and then Turkey. Various dynasties were at the head of the state:Vojisavljevic, Balsic And Crnojevic. IN XV century under the reign Krnojevicin the town of Cestine were built fortress And monastery. This place began to be considered a symbol of spiritual and state independence.. IN 1493 In the year under their rule, the first printing house in the Balkans was created.
Then, in 1496 year the state came under Turkish domination. The invaders annexed Zeta to the province of Skadar. But even at that time, Montenegro enjoyed great rights of autonomy. Independence from Turkey the state was able to get 1645 year. After that, at the head of the country stood metropolitans who enjoyed a very great spiritual influence, as well as Assembly of the people of Montenegro.
IN 1697 year, the Assembly appointed Metropolitan Danila I from which originates petrovich dynasty. IN XVIII-XIX Over the centuries, Montenegro has won several victories in battles with superior numbers of Turkish troops. This contributed to her complete liberation from Turkish influence. In many ways, allied relations with Russia contributed to these victories. In the same period, Montenegro received access to the Adriatic coast and began to control the port of Bar. Results of the liberation wars 1875-1878 years have received official recognition in the peace treaty signed at San Stefano in February 1878 year and also at the Berlin Congress in summer 1878 of the year. After this Berlin Congress, Montenegro (together with Serbia and Romania) received state status recognized internationally. Day July 13 became a national holiday.
In the end XIX century in Montenegro, statehood is rapidly developing. IN 1879 year by decree Prince Nicholas established State Council, ministries And Supreme Court. IN 1888 year in the country were adopted Civil Code And Property Law.
First Montenegrin constitution appeared December 19, 1905 of the year. IN 1910 year Parliament (People's Assembly listen)) proclaimed Montenegro constitutional monarchy. Prince Nicholas became King Nicholas I.
During this period in the country industry began to flourish. The daughter of Prince Nicholas, Elena, was the wife of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel. By agreement with him, Italy invested 10 million lire in the development of the Montenegrin economy. With these funds, a port in Bar was built in the country. There was also a railroad, which connected Bar, Virpazar, Podgorica and Danilovgrad.
During the first World War the country fought on the side of the Entente. The army of Montenegro fought with the troops of Austria-Hungary under the command of Serbia. After the end of the war, Montenegro became the sole winner, which lost its independence. Serbia has managed to realize the idea of " Greater Serbia", creating the kingdom of the southern Slavs, called Yugoslavia. Montenegro joined it by decision of the Assembly in Podgorica November 11, 1918 of the year. The country lost its sovereignty, army and royal dynasty. Part of the country's population protested against unification with Serbia. Armed uprisings began to break out, the Serbian army successfully suppressed them. In the mountainous regions of the country, Serbian resistance continued even before 1920 of the year.
Montenegro became part of the province Zetska Banovin but. This territory became one of the poorest provinces of Yugoslavia. During the Second World War were posted here bases of Tito's partisan movement. After the victory and the formation of the communist state, Yugoslavia became a federation. Montenegro was then one of the seven republics that were part of it. Industry began to develop on subsidies from the center in the republic. IN 1980s years, the active development of the tourism industry began here.
At the beginning 1990s years, Yugoslavia collapsed. Montenegro at that time remained in the same federal state with Serbia. At first, this state continued to bear the former name of Yugoslavia, and from 2003 of the year - Serbia and Montenegro. The fighting did not affect Montenegro. but the country has been seriously affected by international sanctions that were imposed on the union state. At the referendum held May 21, 2006 of the year, 55,5% Montenegrins voted to secede from the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro declared its independence. June 15 Montenegro's independence was recognized by Serbia. Montenegro became an independent state.
International trade
Main export products in Montenegro are: aluminum(more 50% total exports), metal products, as well as mineral oils. Montenegrin import constitute cars, mineral fuel, power equipment And cars.Main foreign trade partners Montenegro can be called such countries as: Serbia, Italy, Germany, Greece, Slovenia And Croatia.
The shops
Shops in Montenegro are usually open daily from 8:00 before 20:00 . in tourist centers they can only close 23:00 . many stores(and even pharmacies) closed during the day.
Usually break in shops happens with 13 before 17 hours, but may be 13 before 16 , and with 12 before 17 . In large and resort cities it's not hard to find shops that are open around the clock. Some stores work in Sunday. Numerous private outlets work on your own schedule.
The price level in the country is quite low, when compared with Western Europe. But compared to Turkey and Egypt, it is much higher. You need to know that prices differ depending on the region of the country. In coastal areas everything about 25% more expensive. And here hotels, on the contrary, are more expensive in the interior of the country.
Very convenient for tourists, what is now in Montenegro euro is the official currency. No need to change currency, while losing on commissions.
As souvenirs from Montenegro tourists usually bring resort t-shirts, plates, as well as various shell crafts. Montenegrins are also famous alcoholic drinks.
Demography
Annual population growth country is about 3,5 % . Population density - 44.9 people/km².
Industry
Traditionally main industry in Montenegro were ferrous metallurgy(Centre - Niksic), aluminum recycling(Podgorica) and electrical industry (Cetinje). Sufficiently developed in the country rubber technical,textile (Bijelo Field) And chemical industry. In Kotor produce bearings. Shipbuilding Center And ship repair are Biela And Bar. Easy And food industry most developed in Niksice And Bare. woodworking centers are considered: give birth, Berane, Pljevlja And Niksic.
Currently, the economy of Montenegro is experiencing a rapid rise. The main industries are developing, as well as agriculture and tourism.
The largest enterprises countries are: aluminum plant in Podgorica, Iron and Steel Works in Niksic, TPP And coal mine"Spitting". The country is forced to import ferroalloys,electrodes, hot rolled sheet, oil products, as well as electricity.
The country's rivers are very high energy potential - 115 kW per 1 km² territory. But, for various reasons, hydropower in Montenegro is undeveloped.
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world Montenegro is quite rich and diverse. Here on 0,14% grows in Europe 2833 plant varieties. This accounts for nearly a quarter of the European flora species.
On the coast of the country are growing olive And fruit groves, cypresses, palm trees And grape. Most of the territory of the coastal cliffs covered maquis, which is dense thickets of evergreen shrubs. Such vegetation is characteristic of the Mediterranean.
In mountainous areas Montenegro meet oak And coniferous forests. On the Belasitsa mountain range is located national park "Biogradska Gora". It is covered with mixed forest. Trees grow here 86 breeds. Among the main breeds can be distinguished: spruces, firs, beeches, elms, oaks, maples And mountain ash. Rare alpine plants also grow in the mountains. edelweiss, mountain cornflowers And violets. These species are characteristic of the alpine meadow belt.
Another famous national park of Montenegro is located on Skadar lake. There are completely different types of plants growing here. The area is swampy and covered with reeds. On the surface of the lake you can see a large number of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation in Montenegro are endemic.. This means that they only grow in that area.
Animal world Montenegro is also quite interesting. In the mountainous regions of the country There are such predatory animals as: wolves, the Bears And foxes. They prey on deer, chamois,wild goats,hares And gophers. In the valleys are found wild boars.
In the Adriatic Sea There are a large number of different types of fish. Meet here sea bass, mullet, red mullet, as well as shrimp, lobster, octopus.
In the rivers of the country There are fish species such as: trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp And Pike. In Skadar Lake dwells 50 fish species. The locals mine here bleak And carp. In addition, on Skadar Lake permanently or temporarily lives 270 bird species. This is where the colonies meet. pelicans, cormorants, herons And black ibis. Ornithologists from all over the world come to this lake.
More 41 % area of Montenegro covered forests and woodland. On the pastures account for 39,58 % common territory.
According to the Constitution of Montenegro, the republic is " green state". About 8,1 % its territory is under various environmental protection regimes. There are many national reserves in the country, the main ones being: Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska mountain And Skadar lake.
Banks and money
Driving a car in Montenegro has its own characteristics, which must be must know tourists. First of all, for car trips around the country necessary Stock up on the latest version of good scale roadmaps. This is due to the fact that most of the road maps sold do not contain the major changes that have taken place in the country since the last Balkan war of 1992-1996. Part of the roads, which used to be of good quality, have now actually fallen into complete disrepair. In addition, a large number of new roads with good coverage have appeared in Montenegro during this time. This problem is especially relevant in the mountainous regions of the country.
Roads throughout the country are not of very good quality. according to European standards. Even the best highways have only two lanes in each direction of traffic. All other roads have only one lane in each direction. In addition, moving around the country by car is complicated by the mountainous terrain and a large number of freight transit vehicles on the roads. Tourists recommended travel by car in Montenegro at a speed not higher than 60-70 km/h.
bus service Montenegro is well developed. Transport runs according to a clear schedule. However, the country's bus fleet is already very outdated, the buses lack ventilation and air conditioning. And because of the mountainous terrain, bus trips take longer than conventional roads. Bus delays and breakdowns are associated with this.
Public transport in cities, too, mainly has an outdated fleet of cars. Travel coupons are sold at any newsstand. This ticket is required compost upon entering the salon. You can also travel by tram or bus pay by giving money to the driver. However, the fare in this case increases by almost 2 times. Reusable tickets can be purchased at tobacconists.
In Montenegro no domestic rail service. The only existing line leads from Bar to Serbian Belgrade. This route passes through Podgorica and Byala Pole. Up to 4 trains run daily on this route. One of them is night and has berths.
Montenegro has four types of trains: "express" (express), " proverbs"(ambulance)," take a look" (speedy) and " traveler"(passenger). Prices for different categories of trains differ from each other, but they are all quite low. Night trains to Belgrade have only compartment cars. The fare in a second-class compartment with three seats is about 4 Euro. A trip in a four-seater coupe will cost about 3 euro, and in a six-seater - in 2,5 Euro. A first-class sleeping car ride costs approx. 7 Euro. Baggage up to the established limit (about 50 kg.) Is not paid.
During the summer season, the number of trains increases according to the summer schedule. It is not easy to buy a ticket for a passing train. Recommended reserve seats in advance. Most trains in Montenegro have non-smoking compartments. Travel cards " Interrail" And Euro-Rail"are not valid in the country. The stations of Podgorica and Bar are equipped with luggage storage. To get luggage, you need to present your passport.
In the bar available sea port. There is a daily ferry connection with Italy (line Bar-Bari). The Adriatic Highway connects all places on the Adriatic coast. Navy Montenegro consists of more 40 courts. The country also has
A distinctive feature of agricultural production Montenegro is no industrial pollution. The country grows only organic products.The main cash crop Montenegro is tobacco.
The country also quite well developed vegetable production (peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers) and fruits (apples, grapes, citrus). Montenegro is famous for its wines.
In Montenegro cultivated wheat And corn. However, their gross collection is not able to meet the internal needs of the republic.
largest enterprise industry is agro-industrial complex « July 13 - Plantage».
Mountain pasture animal husbandry plays a very important role in the agriculture of Montenegro.: sheep breeding And Breeding cattle.
Buyers here don't try to cheat in a shop or market. But haggle Montenegrins love and know how. people from great respect for any faith and beliefs. They are religious and not particularly striving for a "beautiful life."
For Montenegrins, such concepts of morality are most characteristic as: cojstvo" And " junastvo", i.e " bravery" And " courage". Local residents treat their traditions, customs and the history of their country with great respect.
Montenegrins sociable and very hospitable. They are open, but they themselves never climb into other people's affairs. The influence of centuries-old traditions of communality and collectivism is noticeable in the country. One can even say that some old-fashioned upbringing can be traced in Montenegrins. All these features make the people of Montenegro so colorful.
Very important for Montenegrins and family. Even today, they have strong enough ideas about family and clan. There is also a striking readiness for mutual assistance even between complete strangers.
People in Montenegro they treat Russians and residents of the countries of the former USSR very well. Here people still remember the centuries-old connection between our peoples. In addition, this is largely facilitated by the similarity of our languages. The problem of the language barrier is almost non-existent here.. Many Montenegrins know Russian. The attitude towards tourists from other countries is also quite friendly. But this applies to older people. But young people in Montenegro prefer to learn Western European languages. English language used almost everywhere, but not very popular among the population for political reasons. Local residents are very pleased with the knowledge of at least a few of the most common local words by tourists.
When meeting local residents, regardless of religion, greet each other with a handshake. When visiting someone's home received give small gifts. The locals greatly appreciate the ability to speak and carry on a conversation. You can often see how lengthy dialogues are conducted at the table.
All over the country European clothes accepted. But to walk in tracksuits to restaurants and cafes not worth it. They might just not let you in. Evening wear is quite informal, but conservative. It is often based on local traditions. Montenegrins revere their national costume very much.. Foreigners do not have to dress like this.
Most of the country's inhabitants are heavy smokers. Even in public transport and in public places you can constantly meet people who smoke. You can also often see noisy companies. However, drunkenness among the locals is not very common.
Electricity
. To Kosovo happen quite often outbreaks of tularemia and hemorrhagic fever.Tourists must know that tap water in Montenegro is usually chlorinated and relatively safe for health. but it is best to always use bottled water, especially for areas remote from the capital.
Milk in Montenegro is pasteurized, dairy products completely safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, fish, vegetables and fruits are checked by the sanitary and hygienic services. They are enough safe for use. However, they recommended do not buy from street vendors and pre-cook.
In Montenegro there is health care insurance system. First aid, if needed, turns out is free. but for a more thorough examination. have to pay.
Foreign tourists in Montenegro it is best to use the services of only special hospitals: Boris Kidric Hospital, Centar Clinics and etc. Consultation for foreigners will cost $3-10 depending on the disease.
In every community eat state polyclinic ("House of health"). Here you can always get qualified first aid. In almost all cities and large settlements countries have doctors in private practice. They can also be contacted for help.
The main part of the clinics works in the country Tuesday to Saturday from 7.00 before 13.00-17.00 .
There are private and public pharmacies. Usually state pharmacies are located in the premises of "health houses". The range of drugs of local and foreign production is quite extensive.
Even within Europe, Montenegro is a small state. The distance from the northernmost to the southernmost point of the country does not exceed 200 km, and the length from west to east is even less - only 173 km. But on the other hand, several natural-geographical and climatic zones fit in such a small area at once.
Where is Montenegro
The country is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the southwest, Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo in the east, and Albania in the southeast.
As its name implies, the main area of Montenegro is made up of mountain ranges. Most of the country is a plateau, by the way, one of the highest. The entire territory of the country can be divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the flat central region and the mountain systems of the east.
Map of Montenegro
The total length of the borders is 614 km, of which about 300 km are on the coastline. Montenegro also includes about 14 sea islands. In the northwestern part of the country is the famous, with an area of 87.3 km², in which the largest ports are located. Montenegrin stretch for almost 73 km.
Around 70 mountain peaks in the country have a height of more than 2000 m, which makes them very attractive for, and scientific research, as well as for ski slopes in winter. The highest point in Montenegro is Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) in the Durmitor massif.
The most important rivers in Montenegro are Tara (length 144 km), Lim (length 123 km), Cheotina (length 100 km), Moraca (length 99 km), Zeta (length 65 km) and Bojana (length 30 km). Part belongs to the Danube basin, part to the Adriatic Sea. Most of the rivers are mountainous in nature, flowing in deep and winding canyons. For example, with a depth of about 1300 m, it ranks first in Europe and second in the world.
The largest freshwater lake in Montenegro, as well as the entire Balkan Peninsula, is Skadar, located in a karst depression below sea level. Its area is 369.7 km². Partially, by one third, the lake enters the territory of Albania. Most of the mountain lakes are of glacial origin, such lakes are often called "mountain eyes" for their transparent greenish-blue color.
Forests (coniferous and mixed) occupy 41% of the country's area, pastures - almost 40%. Flora of Montenegro has 2833 plant species. The population grows vines, olives, figs, oranges, lemons, pomegranates and other Mediterranean plants. The low population density contributes to the presence of large animals: bears, deer, martens and wild boars.
According to the constitution, Montenegro is an "ecological state", almost 10% of the country's territory is reserved for national parks and reserves - such as, and. That is why Montenegro is the most suitable place for recreation in natural conditions.
Climate in Montenegro
Due to the presence of several geographical areas, the climate on the territory of Montenegro has differences depending on the area. On the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean, in the central part of the country - temperate continental, in mountain ranges - severe mountainous.
The coast is dominated by hot and dry summers with mild and rainy winters. In winter, the temperature does not fall below 7°C in and 9°C in . In summer average temperature is 25-26°C.
Winters are somewhat colder in the continental plains. In the area, the temperature in winter drops to 5°C, but in summer the air temperature is even higher than the coastal areas and reaches 27°C.
Mountain areas are characterized by moderately warm summers (19-25°C) and relatively cold winters (from −10 to +5°C).
The proximity of the sea and mountainous terrain provide a large amount of precipitation, mainly in the form of rain, and in mountainous areas and snow. For example, - the rainiest city in Europe. On average, annual precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm, in some places - over 3000 mm. In mountainous areas, snow lies up to 5 months a year, the height of the snow cover is 1-3 m, which contributes to the development.
The Adriatic coast is characterized by a large number of cloudless sunny days, the total number of sunny hours per year is 2700. The sea water temperature in the summer months is 25-28 ° C, the transparency reaches 35 m. The beach season lasts from April to October.
- a state in southern Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. In the southeast it borders with Albania, in the south it is separated from Italy by the Adriatic Sea, in the west it has borders with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of the sea coast of Montenegro (including the Malente Islands) is 293.5 km.
The name comes from the toponym Black Mountain.
Official name: Montenegro (Crna Gora).
Capital: Podgorica
The area of the land: 13,812 sq. km
Total population: 620 thousand people
Administrative division: Montenegro is divided into 21 communities.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: The president.
Composition of the population: 57% - Montenegrins, 30.% - Serbs, 7.77% - Bosniaks, 3% - Albanians, 1% - Russians, 0.42% - Gypsies.
Official language: Montenegrin. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Albanian are also recognized as official languages.
Religion: 74.24% - Orthodox, 17.74% - Muslims, 3.54% - Catholics.
Internet domain: .me
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Phone country code: +382
Country barcode: 389
Climate
Montenegro has a Mediterranean type of climate, which is characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the territory of the country is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: the coast, the rocky plateau, the plain and the highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. The summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, at this time 170 - 260 mm falls per month, in the north of the coast there is 1.5 times more precipitation than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 C, and in the daytime 11..13 C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. Drops out here the largest number rainfall in Europe, as its southwestern slopes retain moist air coming from the sea. So, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was noted. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall was 5155 mm, and in the cultural capital of the country, Cetinje, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen, the maximum average annual rainfall (3927 mm / year). Just like on the coast, there is noticeably less precipitation in summer (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm).
The height difference between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast, the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 C, depending on the height. In winter, the average temperature at night is -3..-5 C, and in the daytime 5..8 C. Snow usually falls in December and persists until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct impact of the Adriatic Sea, so it is hotter here in summer than on the coast (average daily temperature in July is 30..32oC), and cooler in winter: an average of 0..3oC at night and 9..11oC during the day. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30 - 60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250 - 300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has features of subalpine. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 C, and in the daytime 0..3oC, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and remains until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (it can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month, depending on the orientation of the slope). The summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 C (it can be colder in the high mountains!), and at night it is 8..10 C.
Best time to visit:
For a beach holiday, July and August are best suited - the hottest, driest and sunniest months. In September, when the sea is still warm, and the main wave of tourists has already subsided, you can also have a great rest on the sea. Diving, windsurfing, paragliding and other sports, as well as sightseeing, can be practiced almost all year round except November-December. You can safely go on a trip to the mountainous regions from April to October. The ski season lasts from December to March.
Geography
Montenegro - small country, located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic coast. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. Nevertheless, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, highlands and flat, overlooking Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders on Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast - on Croatia, in the north and northeast - on Serbia, and in the east - on Albania. From the south it is bounded by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The Montenegrin coast, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and the rocky plateau that abruptly breaks off towards it. In Montenegro, one of the best harbors in Europe is located - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays interconnected by narrow channels. For a long time there was a belief that the bay is a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast, the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the strongest annual downpours cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare patches of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-like depressions. The Lovcen National Park is located here.
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain and the Niksic Field make up a flat area with a height difference of 350 m. The main part of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat area. Here are the two largest cities of the country - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the national park "Skadar Lake".
In the north of the country, northeast of the rivers Piva, Komarnica and Moraca, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Vizitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletie (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The highest point in Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif.
In the highlands there are pastures and forests, numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - "Biogradska Gora" and "Durmitor".
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
The flora of Montenegro is very rich, despite the harsh conditions in the mountainous regions that occupy most of the country. Here, on only 0.14% of the territory of Europe, 2833 species of plants grow, which is almost a quarter of the species of European flora. On the coast you can find olive and fruit groves, cypresses, palm trees and grapes. However, most of the coastal cliffs are covered with maquis - dense thickets of evergreen shrubs, characteristic of the Mediterranean.
Higher in the mountains there are oak and coniferous forests. The Belasitsa mountain range, where the Biogradska Gora National Park is located, is covered with mixed forest. There are trees of 86 species here, including spruce, fir, beeches, elms, oaks, maples and even mountain ash. Alpine edelweisses, which have become rare, grow in the mountains, as well as mountain cornflowers and violets; such vegetation is typical for the alpine meadow belt.
In the area of another national park "Skadar Lake" the terrain is completely different. The main part of its coast is swampy, overgrown with reeds, and the surface of the lake is covered with a carpet of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation are endemic, i.e. found only in this area.
Animal world
The fauna of Montenegro is also rich. From predators in mountainous areas there are wolves, bears, foxes. They prey on deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats, hares and ground squirrels. There are wild boars in the valleys. Several hundred species of fish are found in the Adriatic Sea, including sea bass, mullet, red mullet, as well as shrimps, lobsters, and octopuses.
The rivers are rich in trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp and pike. 50 species of fish live in Skadar Lake, the local population hunts mainly bleak and carp. In addition, Skadar Lake is a permanent or temporary habitat for 270 bird species. Here you can see colonies of pelicans, cormorants, herons and black ibises. The lake attracts ornithologists from all over the world.
Attractions
On the territory of Montenegro, many historical and cultural monuments have been preserved, and most of them, despite the numerous wars that have swept through this land, are in excellent condition. Hundreds of medieval monasteries and ancient cities, dozens of balneological resorts, unique natural complexes of the southern part of the Balkans, tens of kilometers of beaches of the Montenegrin Riviera, good-natured and friendly people - this is not a complete list of the advantages of this country.
Montenegro and during the time of united Yugoslavia was the main tourist area country. Thanks to the diverse terrain, the cleanest mountain rivers, the warm sea (which, by the way, is considered the cleanest in Europe), the luxurious coast (the length is 290 km, the beaches are 73 km, and 56 km of them are sandy, which is quite rare for this region), excellent climate and the status of a European ecological park, this tiny country is one of the recognized centers of tourism in Europe.
Banks and currency
The monetary unit is the euro (coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 euro cents, 1 and 2 euros; banknotes 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros).
The National Bank of Montenegro is open from Monday to Friday (10:30-14:00). Commercial banks are open from 08:00 to 19:00, on Saturdays - from 08:00 to 13:00, Sunday is a day off. On weekends, you can use exchange offices. There are many ATMs in Montenegro, through which you can make transactions with foreign currency. ATMs are installed in banks, airports and some hotels. Some stores and hotels accept payments with credit cards. In the bank you can always find several employees who speak English or Russian.
Useful information for tourists
Montenegrins are extremely tolerant of manifestations of inter-ethnic differences, even to the issue of inter-ethnic conflicts in the Balkans. But it is not recommended to talk about politics or the collapse of the SFRY.
The crime rate is low. The police strictly suppress any manifestations of deception of foreign tourists, but at the household level, there are frequent cases of petty fraud or supposedly a sudden language barrier, so you should be especially careful when discussing financial issues and never give money in advance, before the service is provided.
Tipping in restaurants is generally 5% of the bill.
For drinking, it is better to use mineral or bottled water.
The price level in the country is quite low, but varies markedly depending on the location. In coastal areas, everything is about 25% more expensive.
