Vesuvius is an amazing volcano. Firstly, the leader in popularity, breaking all recognition records, secondly, a long-liver (he declared himself even before ancient times and the famous Pompeii), thirdly, perhaps one of the most prolific volcanoes in eruptions, and, thirdly, fourth, the most unpredictable. None of the scientists can even guess when Vesuvius will once again begin to "play pranks." Only strong eruptions for the entire time of his “professional activity” were recorded in the amount of 80 pieces, and even mediocre and weak ones are tired of counting. At the same time, Vesuvius is clearly not going to retire. At its top, tourists can safely bake eggs - the temperature of the soil is so high.
This is probably why the "anniversaries of pranks" of this world-famous volcano, which lives in sunny Italy near Naples, can be celebrated almost every month. What we, in fact, are doing, dedicating our TOP-10 of the most famous volcanoes in the world to one of the dates of the eruption of Vesuvius.
Place 10. The most difficult to pronounce. I don’t know how big and powerful the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull is compared to Vesuvius, but it is known that in 2010 it caused a lot of trouble to air carriers. Due to the wild amount of volcanic ash and steam, some flights were canceled and airports in Glasgow, Birmingham, London, Liverpool, Belfast Dublin, Stockholm and Oslo were stopped. But even this was not enough for the Icelandic volcano. He has created an incredible amount of problems for many announcers, who must have trained long and hard to pronounce his name on one breath.
Place 9. The coldest. Surprisingly, it is a fact: volcanoes are the most tenacious creatures, found almost everywhere. Here, it would seem, such a "hot thing" cannot live at minus fifty, but no! Volcanoes live quietly and on south pole, in Antarctica. The highest of the Antarctic volcanoes is Mount Sidley, "growth" of 4285 meters. By the way, it is also the most inaccessible volcano. People conquered it only in 1990.
Place 8. The most legendary. Two volcanoes are fighting for the title of the most legendary at once. One of them is Mexican Popocatepetl, who last went "to work" in 2007, and the other is European Elbrus. According to legend, Popocatepetl arose from ... strong love. The daughter of the Aztec ruler Istaxihuatl fell in love with a simple warrior Popocatepetl. However, the pope was against this unequal union and sent the young man to war, after which he spread the rumor about his imminent death. The daughter, unable to withstand the blow, committed suicide, and when Popokatepetl found out about this alive and unharmed, he decided that life without a sweetheart is not life. And he followed his beloved to another world. The gods, amazed by the power of the love of young people, decided to turn them into rocks so that they would stay next to each other forever. Well, on the top of Elbrus, myths and legends alternately settled either genies or the famous bird Simurgh, or even left the chained Prometheus there.
Place 7. Most Religious. Etna is a volcano, like Vesuvius, prolific. The eruptions alone exceeded almost two hundred. Almost every 150 years, Etna wakes up from hunger and begins to eat nearby cities. However, people adore her not for her bloodthirstiness, but for her reverence for believers and her healing gift. Several facts of the miraculous healing of the sick who visited Etna are known, and after the stream of red-hot lava froze in reverence in front of the Catholic procession in 1928, the Sicilians completely made Etna one of the symbols of the island. Also, this volcano is famous for its blues festivals, which are arranged during his sleep.
Place 6. The fastest. Usually volcanoes are unpredictable, but sometimes scientists manage to find out in advance about the impending eruption. However, as in that parable about the boy and the wolves, some residents of nearby cities do not believe in such predictions. And very in vain. So on November 13, 1985, the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz completely destroyed the city of Armero, located 50 kilometers from the “hot thing” with a height of 5400 meters. At the same time, everything about everything at the volcano took ... only 10 minutes! The death toll exceeded 20 thousand people. But scientists have warned...
Place 5. The most fabulous. Remember the tale of the "Frog Princess"? To defeat Koshchei the Immortal, Ivan Tsarevich had to get a needle that was in an egg, an egg in a duck, a duck in a hare, a hare in a chest, and a chest on a tree. It is on the principle of "thing in things" that the Russian volcano Krenitsyn is complicated. He is "registered" in Kuril Islands and is considered the largest in area, as it is located in Lake Koltsevoe (diameter about 7 kilometers), which is located in another, more ancient, crater. So you can admire its beauties only from a helicopter. By the way, the volcano got its name in honor of the Russian navigator Pyotr Kuzmich Krenitsyn.
Place 4. The most influential. Indonesia is often referred to as the land of volcanoes. It was here that the most influential of them was born - Krakatoa, which blew up the world on August 15, 1883. Its eruption caused a shock wave that went around Earth, and a giant tsunami that wiped out 295 cities and towns in Java and Sumatra. As a result of his activities, more than 36 thousand people died, and hundreds of thousands were left homeless. The volcanic dust of Krakatoa surrounded the planet in a cloud, painting sunrises and sunsets in royal purple. Many scientists believe that it was this eruption that affected the ecology of the Earth.
Location 3. The most famous of the newcomers. By the way, today Vesuvius is far from the only popular volcano. It was pushed by the Russian Plosky Tolbachik, who began erupting back in November 2012. Since then, scientists from all over the world and just curious tourists flock to it in droves. The Kamchatka volcano also gave the world new copper minerals - melanotallite, ponomarevite, piipite, fedotovite, kamchatkit, klyuchevsky, alumoklyuchevskite and, of course, tolbachite.
Place 2. The highest. Well, what about in the TOP-10 without the highest?! They are rightfully a South American active volcano with a funny name for the Russians Llyulyaylyako. Its absolute height is 6739 meters, relative - almost 2.5 kilometers. It would seem that this is all. An, no! Lullaillaco is known for its eternal ice cap, border state (located on the border of Chile and Argentina), dry neighbor (Atacama Desert) and archaeological finds. In 1999, the mummified bodies of three children, allegedly sacrificed 500 years ago, were discovered on the top of the volcano.
Place 1. The most romantic. Don't go to the fortuneteller here! Without words, it is clear that Mount Fuji will be recognized as the most romantic, refined, attractive, gentle and charming. It is to her that countless haiku, drawings, paintings and photographs are dedicated. Scientists consider Fuji to be an active volcano, although weakly active (the last eruption was recorded in 1707-1708). By the way, among the countless drawings of this beauty, there is not one where the eruption itself would be captured. Fuji's neighbors include not only a Shinto shrine, a weather station, and a post office, but also the gloomy Aokigahara suicide forest, located right at the foot of the volcano. But such a neighborhood does not bother Fujiyama at all. The Japanese believe that the forest only gives a veil of mystery and mysticism to their favorite, attracting tourists from all countries. However, this does not prevent the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun from placing warning signs with the telephone numbers of psychologists throughout Aokigahara. Yes, just in case.
Volcanic eruption is one of the most spectacular natural phenomena, which attracts the attention of a person, despite the considerable danger. A particularly impressive picture is obtained when observing a night eruption. But for the surrounding wildlife, volcanoes initially bring death. Flowing lava, pyroclastic flows, volcanic bombs can easily destroy nearby human settlements.
1. Lullaillaco, Argentina and Chile (6739 m)
This active volcano is located on the Chilean-Argentine border, in the Peruvian Andes, in the Western Cordillera range. Like several other very high volcanoes, it is located in perhaps the world's driest Atacama Desert, on the high plateau of Puna de Atacama. Its top is covered with eternal snows. In 1877, its last explosive eruption took place, and now it is in the solfataric stage. Interestingly, in 1999, three mummified children's bodies were found near the top of the volcano, it is assumed that the Incas sacrificed them here about 500 years ago.
2. San Pedro, Chile (6145 m)
This active Andean volcano is located in northern Chile, closer to the Bolivian border. It is located on the edge of the Atacama Desert, northeast of the city of Calama, in the province of El Loa. This stratovolcano is mainly composed of basalts, dacites and andesites. East of San Pedro is a similar volcano, San Pablo, with a height of 6092 meters. A high saddle stretched between the volcanoes. San Pedro last erupted in 1960. The documented first ascent of this peak in 1903 was made by Frenchman George Corti and Chilean Philemon Morales.
3. Cotopaxi, Ecuador (5897 m)
The active volcano Cotopaxi is the highest in Ecuador and the second highest peak in this country. This is one of the highest peaks of the western tip of the South American ridge of the Eastern Cordillera. After 1738 this over active volcano erupted about 50 times, but in 1877 it calmed down for a long time. Finally, after more than a century in 2015, a new eruption of Cotopaxi occurred. Translated from the Quechua language, the name of the volcano can be translated as "smoking mountain". In 1534, the first of its recorded eruptions occurred, and the largest ones occurred in 1532, 1742, 1768, 1864 and 1877. Until 1940, its insignificant activity was observed.
In 1768, the most destructive eruption of Cotopaxi occurred. A huge column of ash and steam rose from its vent in early April, and on April 4, emissions of lava, sulfur, and pyroclastic flows began. As a result of a strong earthquake, the city of Latacunga and nearby settlements were completely destroyed. The products of the explosion of the volcano were later found hundreds of kilometers away, including on the coast Pacific Ocean and in the Amazon basin.
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4. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (5895 m)
Africa's highest peak, Kilimanjaro, is a potential stratovolcano. The mountain is located in the northeast of Tanzania near the Masai plateau, which itself is raised 900 m above sea level. Volcanologists discovered in 2003 that magma is located under the crater of the main peak of the Kibo volcano at a depth of only 400 m. Now the volcano is only emitting gases and so far nothing indicates the proximity of the eruption. But there is an opinion that the dome of the volcano may collapse, and then a catastrophe may occur, like that that happened during the eruption of Mount Saint Helena. In the past, Kibo has already experienced ground shifts and collapses, after one of which a "western gap" was formed. Human history does not remember the eruptions of Kilimanjaro, although local legends speak of prehistoric activity of the now dormant volcano.
5. Misty, Peru (5822 m)
This South American volcano is located in southern Peru. In winter, its top is covered with snow. Misty is an active volcano, in 1985 its last, rather weak eruption was noted. The shape of the cone suggests that Misty is an ordinary stratovolcano, the eruptions of which alternate with the outpouring of lava, then explosions with the release of pyroclastic flows and clouds of ash. The volcano has three concentric craters. According to research by volcanologists, five weak eruptions of this volcano have occurred over the past century. But in the XV century, the inhabitants of the city of Arequipa were forced to flee due to the strong eruption of Misti. Not far from the inner crater in 1998, 6 mummified bodies of the Incas and a number of artifacts were found.
6. Orizaba, Mexico (5675 m)
This Mexican volcano is the most high point country and the third in the whole North America. It belongs to the stratovolcanoes, and its eruptions were recorded in 1537, 1566, 1569, 1613, 1630 and 1687. The last eruption occurred in 1846, which proves that this volcano is one of the most active. From its top you can clearly see the city of Orizaba with a population of more than 117 thousand people and the valley below.
The North American relief can be conditionally divided into several types: in the central and northern parts you can admire the delightful plains, ...
7. Elbrus, Russia (5642 m)
most high mountain on the territory of modern Russia is the Caucasian stratovolcano Elbrus. Its slopes are covered with glaciers, melt water from which feeds major rivers Stavropol Territory and Caucasus - Malka, Kuban and Baksan. These places are very well inhabited; transport infrastructure, therefore, the surroundings of Elbrus are very popular among supporters of various types active rest(tourists, climbers, skiers). True, even the scientists themselves cannot firmly say whether Elbrus is an extinct or still active volcano. Perhaps he will someday wake up from a long hibernation, or maybe a new volcano will grow somewhere nearby.
The fact that life is still glimmering in the depths of Elbrus is evidenced by the fact that in its vicinity there are many thermal springs, the most famous of them is Djila-Su, in which the water has a temperature of +24 degrees. If hot water is constantly beating out of the ground, this means that volcanic processes continue deep in the bowels. In addition, people measured the temperature of the soil at an altitude of 5621 m (almost at the top), and it turned out to be +21 degrees, despite the fact that the surrounding air was -20 degrees. Therefore, green moss grows here in some areas. This is also a clear indication of the weak activity of the volcano. A number of scientists suggest that in a few hundred, and perhaps thousands of years, Elbrus will wake up again.
8. Popocatepetl, Mexico (5426 m)
This is an active Mexican volcano, the name of which is formed by two words from the Nahuatl language: “popo” means “smoking”, and “tepetl” means “hill”. It is one of the most active Mexican volcanoes. After the beginning of the Spanish colonization of Mexico, he issued over 20 powerful eruptions. Many of its glaciers did not survive until the beginning of the new millennium, instead of them, in some places, layers of ice remained, to which lava had not yet crept up. It even changed the local climate. Especially often the volcano began to erupt after 1994, and its last eruption occurred in 2015. A powerful eruption occurred in 2005, when volcanic bombs rose 3 kilometers into the air. In May 2013 there was also a strong eruption, then the debris flew 700 m from the crater.
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9. Sangay, Ecuador (5230 m)
This active stratovolcano is located in South America, on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. According to scientists, it appeared only 14 thousand years ago. In 1628, its first eruption was recorded, and the last one happened quite recently - in 2016. After 1934, the volcano began to erupt especially often. Its name can be translated as "awe-inspiring" or "frightening". At the top of the volcano there are three craters with diameters of 50-100 meters. However, they are all active.
10. Tolima, Colombia (5215 m)
The Tolima stratovolcano is located in the Colombian department of the same name; national park Los Nevados. It is also a fairly young volcano, which is about 40 thousand years old. A funnel-shaped crater, having a depth of 200-300 m, appeared in him quite recently - around 1926. In the Holocene epoch, explosive eruptions occurred near this volcano, differing in power: there were both moderate and Plinian eruptions. The largest eruption happened here about 3600 years ago. As for the last two centuries, only small volcanic explosions have been recorded. Over the past decades appearance The volcano is mainly changed due to the movement of glaciers along its slopes. It, in turn, is accompanied by noticeable seismicity and surface activity.
All tourists and travelers are interested in learning about the largest volcano in the world. A volcano is a formation on the surface of the Earth, from which magma comes out, forming lava, stones and volcanic gases. There are a huge number of such formations on our planet. Some of them are considered active, as they were active in the historical period.
Many of the volcanoes are extinct and dormant. The latter include those whose eruption is already unlikely, while the former have the possibility of manifestation of activity. Some volcanoes reach incredible sizes and are distinguished by their extraordinary power and beauty.
Of great interest to all travelers are, of course, active volcanoes. They are extraordinarily beautiful and fascinate with their danger of eruption at any moment. Having seen such a phenomenon once, a person receives a lot of incredible impressions that remain in memory for a lifetime. Llullaillaco is considered the highest active volcano in the world. It is located in Argentina in the Peruvian Andes. The height of its peak is 6739 m. The last time the eruption occurred in 1877.
At the top of this volcano is eternal glaciation. It is shaped like a cone. This natural formation has been considered since 1999 archaeological site, since human mummies were found on its top. These were the children of the Incas. There is a possibility that they were sacrificed about 500 years ago.
Mauna Loa Volcano
In terms of volume, Mauna Loa is considered the largest active volcano. The height of its summit is 4169 m, and the volume is estimated at 75,000 km. It is located on the island of Hawaii in the United States. The last time the eruption occurred relatively recently - in 1984.
This volcano, more precisely, its summit and southeastern slope, is part of national park Hawaiian volcanoes. This park is included in the famous List world heritage UNESCO. Mauna Loa is home to animals and plants called endemics. This means that they have a small habitat. Very often, such animals are considered rare, therefore they are listed in the Red Book.
Dangerous volcano Merapi
The most dangerous volcano in the world is Merapi. It is located in Indonesia on the island of Java. Large eruptions occur every 7 years. Small eruptions happen 2 times a year. This mountain destroyed many settlements. Back in 1006, he wiped out the Javanese-Indian kingdom from the face of the Earth, and in 1673 one of the most destructive eruptions occurred. It destroyed several cities and villages at once, which were located at the foot.
In 1930, the volcano also caused major damage. This eruption killed 1,300 people. After 44 years, Merapi destroyed 2 villages, and a year later - another village, 5 bridges, killing 29 people. Moreover, the eruptions overtook many scientists and tourists. The last action of the Merapi volcano was recorded in 2010. This time around 350,000 people were initially evacuated. Some residents did return. Among them, 353 people died, who fell into the flow of volcanic gases, ash and stones.
Volcano with the strongest eruption in history
This is an active volcano, which in the 19th century demonstrated the strongest eruption. The volcano is located in Indonesia. Now its height is 813 m. Before its famous eruption in 1883, it was much higher. Moreover, he was one big Island. During the strongest action of the volcano, the main part of the island was destroyed.
The rumble from the eruption was heard even 5000 km from the volcano itself. The volcanic edifice spread over 500 km. The ash rose 30 km, and the gas-ash column - 70 km. Scientists estimated the strength of the explosion at 6 points. The result of such a strong eruption was 37,000 dead and 300 destroyed villages.
There are a lot of different volcanoes in the world, which differ either in their height, or volume, or actions. Some of them are the most dangerous or the oldest. Scientists have not yet compiled an accurate list of volcanoes by their size or degree of danger. Each of them is interesting and unique in its own way. There are volcanoes that are known to every traveler and tourist. The most popular of them are Vesuvius, Fujiyama, Etna. These are the active volcanoes of the world.
Vesuvius has been attracting tourists for many years. Those who visit Naples usually do not miss the opportunity to admire and even climb it famous volcano. Previously, it was possible to climb the mountain using a funicular, and then a regular lift. However, the transport was destroyed by the next eruptions. They did not restore it, so this moment The mountain can only be reached on foot along a hiking trail.
Mount Fuji located on the Japanese island of Honshu. He is popular tourist place. Residents consider it sacred. The mountain is also a place of religious pilgrimage for Buddhist and Shinto cults. A temple was built on top of it. In addition, there is a weather station and even a post office. Scientists believe that Fuji is a weakly active volcano, since the last eruptions occurred at the beginning of the 18th century.
A popular volcano located in Italy is. It has many craters, from time to time at least one of them erupts lava. Sometimes the actions of Etna are destructive in relation to the nearest settlements, but, despite this, new residents do not stop settling here. At the foot of the mountain is very fertile soil, which allows you to grow various vegetables and fruits.
Tourists have the opportunity to visit this extraordinary mountain. It must be climbed on foot. The tourist base can be reached by bus. For lovers of souvenirs, there are shops on the mountain itself where you can buy some kind of souvenir or even a popular 70-degree liquor.
All these and many other volcanoes are extraordinarily beautiful and interesting for residents, travelers and tourists. Each mountain has its own history. Before climbing any volcano, it is necessary to know the exact information about its activity and the possibility of an eruption, since such natural formations can begin their actions at any moment. Therefore, having decided to admire the extraordinary beauty of volcanoes, protect yourself from accidents.
Despite their lethality, various volcanoes have long attracted man. Previously, people were attracted by fertile soils enriched with minerals and trace elements due to the activity of volcanoes, now tourists are attracted by the beauty and majesty of these natural objects.
Where are the largest volcanoes on the world map?
Most of today's active volcanoes are located in Pacific volcanic ring- area in which the largest number eruptions and 90% of earthquakes on our planet.
The second most powerful seismic zone is the Mediterranean fold belt, stretching from the Indonesian islands to.
The strongest eruption in history
The most destructive eruption in terms of its consequences is considered to be a catastrophe that occurred in 1883 during an explosion. Krakatoa volcano located in . During this cataclysm, more than 36 thousand people died, more than 165 cities and villages were completely destroyed, and ash was thrown to a height of 70 kilometers.
The force of the explosion during the eruption exceeded the force of the nuclear bomb explosion over Hiroshima by 10,000 times. Most of the deaths are the result of huge tsunami caused by the eruption. The island on which Krakatoa was located was almost completely destroyed during the disaster. The sound from the explosion spread to a distance of 5 thousand kilometers from the epicenter of the disaster.
Earth's Greatest Active Volcanic Mountains
The largest active volcanoes in the world in terms of volume:
- mauna loa, Hawaii, with a volume of 80 thousand cubic kilometers;
- kilimanjaro(Tanzania), which is considered dormant but potentially active, has a volume of 4,800 cubic kilometers;
- Volcano Sierra Negra, located in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) has a volume of 580 cubic kilometers.
Which country has the largest source of lava?
Unmatched in size Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa, which has a volume of 80 thousand cubic kilometers. The title of the highest is contested by 2 volcanoes from South America:
- Llullaillaco, located on the border of Argentina and Chile with a height of more than 6 thousand meters;
- Cotopaxi, located in Ecuador with a height of 5897 meters.
Description with titles
There are between 1000 and 1500 active volcanoes on our planet. Many of them are located close to densely populated areas and pose a threat to human life. The most dangerous volcanoes, which are under special supervision, are included in List of Volcanoes of the United Nations Decade.
Merapi
Merapi, which in Indonesian means "mountain of fire", recognized as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Asia. It is located in the south of the island of Java in Indonesia, and its peak rises to a height of 3 thousand meters.
Significant eruptions of Merapi occur with a frequency of about 7 years; during its history, Merapi has repeatedly caused the death of many people. In 1930, 1400 people became victims of the eruption, and in 2010 more than 350 thousand people had to be evacuated, 353 inhabitants of the island died.
Located near Merapi Yogyakarta city, in the agglomeration of which more than 2 million people live. For its activity and danger to people's lives, Merapi is included in the list of Volcanoes of the Decade.
Sakurajima
Sakurazdima volcano (Japan) is located on Kyushu island, its peak rises to a height of 1110 meters. The first eruption recorded by the chronicles occurred in 963, and the most powerful one dates back to 1914, but thanks to the tremors preceding it, most of the local residents managed to evacuate, “only” 35 people died.
Since the middle of the 20th century, the volcano has been constantly active. Every year there are thousands of small explosions and ash emissions.
In 2013, there was a large ash ejection, reaching a height of 4000 meters.
Sakurajima is also on the Volcanoes of the Decade list.
Aso
Aso Volcano is also located on Kyushu island in Japan. The highest point of Aso is at an altitude of 1592 meters. During the observation of the volcano, about 165 large and medium-sized eruptions occurred, many of which led to human casualties.
The last time people died as a result of volcanic eruptions in 1979, when 3 people died and 11 were injured. But Aso is dangerous not only for its eruptions, poisonous vapors of volcanic gas regularly poison tourists who try to conquer Aso. The last such incident occurred in 1997, when two climbers died.
The last eruption of Aso was noted in 2011, when ash was ejected to a height of up to 2 kilometers.
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Nyiragongo
Nyiragongo is located in DR Congo in the Virunga mountain range (Africa). In the crater of the volcano is the world's largest lava lake, the depth of which can reach 3 kilometers. In 1977, the crater wall ruptured, resulting in a major lava flow into the surrounding area, resulting in the death of 70 people.
During observations of Nyiragongo since 1882, it was recorded 34 major volcanic eruptions. A feature of the Nyiragongo eruptions is an extremely fast flow of lava, reaching a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. During a major eruption in 2002, 400,000 residents of the city of Goma, located near the volcano, were evacuated. Nevertheless, 147 of them died as a result of this cataclysm, and the city itself received significant damage.
All these factors make Nyiragongo one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, for which he was rightly included in the list of Volcanoes of the Decade.
Galeras
Galeras volcano is located in Colombia near the city of Pasto, whose population is more than 400 thousand people. Its height exceeds 4200 meters. Due to its danger, Galeras has been included in the list of Volcanoes of the Decade that pose the greatest threat in the foreseeable future.
It is believed that over the past 7000 years, Galeras has experienced at least 6 major eruptions, in 1993 the last of them was recorded.
mauna loa
Mauna Loa Volcano is located on Hawaiian Islands owned by the United States of America. This giant volcano occupies more than half the area of Hawaii, the height of the peak is 4169 meters above sea level, but most of the volcano is located under water. Together with the underwater part, its height from the base to the top reaches 9170 meters, which exceeds the height of Everest.
Mauna Loa eruptions occur along the so-called Hawaiian type with an outpouring of lava, but without explosions and large ash emissions. Observations of the volcano have been conducted only since 1832, but during this time 39 major eruptions of Mauna Loa were recorded. This volcano was included in the list of Volcanoes of the Decade due to the huge lava flows that accompany the eruption and the densely populated area in its immediate vicinity.
The top of the volcano and its slopes are included in the list UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Colima
The most active volcano in Central America is located in the state of Jalisco. Due to its activity, Colima received the nickname "little Vesuvius", its height exceeds 3800 meters.
Over the past 450 years, more than 40 large and medium-sized volcanic eruptions have been recorded, the last of which occurred on September 12, 2016. More than 400 thousand people live near Colima, which makes it most dangerous volcano America. For this reason, the volcano was included in the Volcanoes of the Decade list.
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Vesuvius
The most famous volcano in the world is located on the Apennine Peninsula in. The lone peak of Vesuvius, 1281 meters high, rises above the spacious fields of the province of Campania and is part of the Apennine mountain system.
Located just 15 kilometers from Naples, Vesuvius has repeatedly entered history with its catastrophic eruptions, about 80 large ones alone were recorded. In 79 AD, the most destructive eruption of Vesuvius, during which famous cities were killed:
- Pompeii;
- Oplontis;
- Herculaneum;
- Stabiae.
It is believed that at least 16,000 people died during this cataclysm.
In 1944, the last eruption of Vesuvius occurred at the moment, cities were destroyed during this natural disaster. Weight And San Sebastiano, 27 people became victims. Since then, Vesuvius has not shown much activity, but the danger of a new eruption always remains. Vesuvius is one of the main attractions of the province of Campania and its visit is included in sightseeing tour when traveling to Naples.
Etna
Another famous volcano in Italy is located in the east of the island of Sicily and is highest volcano, rising to a height of 2329 meters. Etna eruptions are observed several times a year. History has recorded several major eruptions of this volcano, which led to devastating consequences:
- Destroyed in 122 AD city of Catania;
- In 1169, Etna died during a massive eruption. 15 thousand people;
- In 1669, Catania suffered again, houses were destroyed 27 thousand people;
- In 1928, the ancient Mascali city.
Despite the danger of the volcano, the inhabitants of the island continue to settle on its slopes. The reason for this is fertile soil, enriched with minerals and trace elements contained in the cooled lava flows and ash.
Etna is one of the main natural attractions of Sicily. Tourists from all over the Earth come to see the volcano and climb to its top.
popocatepetl
Volcano Popocatepetl, or El Popo as it is affectionately called locals, is located in Mexico, 70 kilometers from the capital of this country, the city of Mexico City. The height of the volcano is almost 5500 meters. Over the past 500 years, Popocatepetl has erupted more than 15 times, with the latest occurring as recently as 2015. An extinct volcano is located near Popocatepetl Istaxihuatl.
A trip to these volcanoes is an integral part of the excursion program when visiting Mexico City.
Klyuchevskaya Sopka
Most high volcano Eurasia is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula and is considered the most famous of the many volcanoes in Kamchatka. Highest point outside Caucasus mountains reaches a height of 4750 meters. It is the most active volcano in Eurasia, on average its eruptions occur almost every year. The last significant eruption occurred in 2013, the height of the ash emission was 10-12 kilometers. The eruption was accompanied by mud flows and ashfall.
Cotopaxi
The active volcano Cotopaxi is located in South America on the territory of the state Ecuador in the Andean mountain system. The height of the top of Cotopaxi is 5897 meters. Over the entire history of observations, 86 eruptions have been recorded, the largest of which led to the complete destruction of the city of Latacunga in 1786. The last activity of Cotopaxi was seen in 1942, after which the volcano is still dormant.
Famous extinct giants
In addition to active volcanoes, there are many extinct volcanoes on our planet that do not show volcanic activity.
Supreme
The tallest extinct volcano in the world aconcagua, is located in Argentina and is part of mountain system Andes. Aconcagua is not only the highest extinct volcano in the world, but also high peak America, Western and Southern Hemispheres. The height of Aconcagua exceeds 6950 meters.
sleeping giants
Many extinct volcanoes are now considered just mountains, although some of them could potentially “wake up” and begin to show activity. Such volcanoes, which may become active in the future, are called "asleep".
- famous Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania (Africa) is a dormant volcano that does not show active activity. Scientists believe that one day Kilimanjaro may wake up, then this potential volcano will become one of the highest in the world, because the height of Kilimanjaro is 5895 meters above sea level.
- The largest extinct volcano in Russia - - 5642 meters. It is located on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. Refers to the list of the highest peaks of the six parts of the world. Scientists consider the activity of the volcano not so much completed as fading.
- The largest volcano of our time cannot be visited and is very difficult to see, as it is under water. array Tamu located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean and is located about 1600 kilometers east of Japanese islands. Its dimensions are 650 by 450 kilometers; in terms of scale, the array is one of the largest not only on Earth, but in the entire solar system. The last volcanic eruption occurred 140 million years ago.
- dormant volcanoes Big and Small Ararat are now located on the territory and belong to the category of volcanoes that do not show volcanic activity. The top of Mount Ararat, reaching 5165 meters, is the highest point in Turkey.
- One of the highest peaks of the Caucasus, Mount Kazbek is also an extinct volcano. Kazbek is located on the border with Russia, the highest point of the mountain is located at an altitude of more than 5 kilometers. During research in one of the caves of Kazbek was found volcanic ash from an eruption that occurred presumably 40 thousand years ago.
colossal supervolcano yellowstone considered extinct, but scientists have found that there is little activity in it, so now Yellowstone is categorized as dormant volcanoes. The last time the giant erupted almost a million years ago.
It is believed that if Yellowstone wakes up, the potential eruption will become one of the largest disasters in the history of the Earth, every third inhabitant of the planet will die, and several US states will be completely destroyed.
Yellowstone eruption will provoke many earthquakes, giant tsunami waves and eruptions of other volcanoes, which will affect almost every inhabitant of the planet. The ash thrown out by the volcano will cover the surface of the earth from the sun for a year and a half, and a volcanic winter will come throughout the planet.
However, not all scientists believe that the consequences of this cataclysm will be so serious. In any case, the eruption of this volcano remains one of the main potential threats to humans.
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Hot streams of molten lava sloshing out of the bowels of the Earth, and at the same time clouds of ash, hot steam. The spectacle, of course, is breathtaking, but where does it come from? What kind large volcanoes exist on our planet? Where are they located?
Origin and varieties of volcanoes
under a thick layer earth's crust there is magma - a molten substance of great temperature and under great pressure. Magma contains minerals, vaporous water and gases. When the pressure gets too high, the gases push the magma upward through weak points in the earth's crust. The surface layer of the Earth rises in the form of a mountain, and eventually the magma breaks out.
Erupting magma is called lava, and a mountainous hill with a hole is called a volcano. The eruption is accompanied by emissions of ash and steam. Lava moves at speeds of over 40 km/h, with a temperature of about 1000 degrees Celsius. Depending on the nature of the eruption and accompanying phenomena, volcanoes are divided into numerous types. For example, Hawaiian, Plinian, Peleian and others.
As it flows out, the lava hardens and builds up in layers, creating the shape of a volcano. So, there are volcanoes of a cone shape, gentle, domed, stratified or layered, as well as complex shapes. In addition, they are divided into active, dormant and extinct, depending on the degree of activity of the eruptions.
Large volcanoes of the world
Around the world there are approximately 540 active volcanoes, the number of extinct ones is even greater. All of them are located mainly in the Pacific, East African, Mediterranean fold zones. The greatest activity is manifested in the regions of South and Central America, Kamchatka, Japanese, and Iceland.
There are 330 active volcanoes in the Pacific belt alone. Large volcanoes are located in the Andes, on the Asian islands. In Africa, the highest is Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania. This is a potentially active volcano that can wake up at any moment. Its height is 5895 meters.
Two of the world's volcanic giants are located on the territory of Chile and Argentina. They are considered the highest on Earth. Ojos del Salado is dormant, having erupted in 700 AD, although it occasionally emits water vapor and sulfur. The Argentine Llullaillaco is considered active, the last time it erupted only in 1877.
The largest world volcanoes are presented in the table.
Name | Location | Height, m | Year of eruption |
Ojos del Salado | Andes, Chile | ||
Llullaillaco | Andes, Argentina | ||
San Pedro | Andes, Chile | ||
Cotopaxi | Andes, Ecuador | ||
kilimanjaro | Tanzania, Africa | unknown |
|
Andes, Peru | |||
Cordillera, Mexico | |||
Caucasus mountains, Russia | |||
popocatepetl | Cordillera, Mexico | ||
Andes, Ecuador |
Ring of Fire of the Pacific
The waters of the Pacific Ocean hide three lithospheric plates. Their outer edges go under the lithospheric plates of the continents. Along the entire perimeter of these joints is the Pacific Ring of Fire - small and large volcanoes, most of which are active.
The ring of fire starts from Antarctica, passes through New Zealand, the Philippine Islands, Japan, the Kuriles, Kamchatka, stretches along the entire Pacific coast of North and South America. In some places, the ring is broken, for example near and the state of California.
Large volcanoes of the Pacific belt are located in the Andes (Orizabo, San Pedro, Misti, Cotopaxi), Sumatra (Kerinchi), Ross Island (Erebus), Java (Semeru). One of the most famous - Fujiyama - is located on the island of Honshu. The Krakatoa volcano is located.
The archipelago has a volcanic origin Hawaiian Islands. largest volcano- Mauna Loa with an absolute height of 4169 meters. In terms of relative height, the mountain bypasses Everest and is considered the highest peak in the world, this value is 10,168 meters.
mediterranean belt
The mountainous regions of Northwest Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Indochina, Tibet, Indonesia and the Himalayas make up the Mediterranean. Active geological processes take place here, one of the manifestations of which is volcanism.
The largest volcanoes of the Mediterranean belt are Vesuvius, Santorin (Aegean Sea) and Etna in Italy, Elbrus and Kazbek in the Caucasus, Ararat in Turkey. Italian Vesuvius consists of three peaks. From its powerful eruption in the first century AD, the cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabia, Oplontia suffered. In memory of this event, Karl Bryullov painted the famous painting "The Last Day of Pompeii".
Stratovolcano Ararat is the highest point in Turkey and Armenian highlands. Its last eruption took place in 1840. It was accompanied by an earthquake that completely destroyed the neighboring village and monastery. Ararat, like the Caucasian Kazbek, consists of two peaks, which are separated by a saddle.
Large volcanoes of Russia (list)
Within the territory of Russian Federation volcanoes are located in the Kuriles, Kamchatka, the Caucasus and Transbaikalia. They make up about 8.5% of all volcanoes in the world. Many of them are considered extinct, although the sudden eruptions of the Nameless in 1956 and the Academy of Sciences in 1997 proved the relativity of this term.
The largest volcanoes are located in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. The highest in all of Eurasia (among the existing ones) is considered (4835 meters). Its last eruption was recorded in 2013. There are very small volcanoes in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. For example, the height of Baranovsky is 160 meters. Your activity for last decade were shown by Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013) and others.
The largest volcanoes in Russia are presented in the table.
Name | Location | Height, m | Year of eruption |
650 BC e. |
|||
Klyuchevskaya Sopka | Kamchatka Krai | ||
Kamchatka Krai | unknown |
||
Ushkovsky | Kamchatka Krai | ||
Tolbachik | Kamchatka Krai | ||
Ichinskaya Sopka | Kamchatka Krai | ||
Kronotskaya Sopka | Kamchatka Krai | ||
Kamchatka Krai | |||
Zhupanovskaya Sopka | Kamchatka Krai |
Conclusion
Volcanoes are the consequences of active processes that occur inside our planet. They are formed in the earth's crust, where the crust does not withstand the onslaught of pressure and high temperatures. The consequences of a volcanic eruption can be quite serious, as they are accompanied by emissions of ash, gases, and sulfur into the atmosphere.
Associated phenomena of the eruption are often earthquakes and faults. The flowing lava has such a high temperature that it instantly affects biological organisms.
However, in addition to the destructive action, volcanoes also have the opposite effect. Lava that has not come to the surface can lift sedimentary rocks to form mountains. And the consequence of the eruption of an underwater volcano in Iceland was the island of Surtsey.
