They write about Atlantis from antiquity to the present day, that is, for 2000 years. But in ancient times, little was written on this topic, and in general only two dozen pages of Plato's dialogues "Timaeus" and "Critias" have been preserved. Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias were written by Plato (427 - 347 BC) around 360 BC. e.
Supporters of the existence of Atlantis found in the texts of Plato many lines corresponding to the latest achievements of modern science. And opponents of its existence, in response, point to many contradictions in the texts of the dialogues. However, before proceeding to the actual facts stated in the dialogues, it is necessary to consider the question of who is responsible for the errors and contradictions. Plato writes that he learned this story from his great-grandfather Critias, who at the age of ten heard this story from his grandfather, also Critias, who at that time was ninety years old. He, in turn, learned about this from a great friend and relative of his father Dropid, Solon, "the first of the seven wise men." Solon himself heard this story from the Egyptian priests from the temple of the goddess Neith in Sais, who from time immemorial kept records of all events and knew about Atlantis. Critias Jr. says that he read his grandfather's notes, that he was deeply moved by this story, and therefore he remembered it well. However, since he did not keep his notes, he could well have forgotten some details or numbers. If Solon wrote down this story directly from the columns of the Egyptian temple, then he could well have made some mistakes, not knowing the Egyptian language perfectly. And, finally, Plato could well have made some changes to the description of Atlantis and the war with it by the pra-Athenes for his own purposes, for example, to promote his political views. And, finally, it is possible that Plato compiled these dialogues from some other sources, including historical and geographical works of various authors, his own knowledge and conjectures, as well as myths and tales of the Greeks or other peoples. Then the task of researchers becomes more complicated, since one has to decide on these sources, and then on the truth of each of them. Plato realized that it is impossible to rely on the memory of a 90-year-old old man and a 10-year-old boy in a story with a mass of numbers and names.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church dominated Europe, and the "official" science of the church was the science of Aristotle, so no one believed Plato. True, in the Middle Ages on some geographical maps the island of Atlantis appeared, but, most likely, no serious knowledge was hidden behind this.
new time
The main surge of interest in the problem of Atlantis occurred at the end of the 19th - 20th centuries. During this period, more than 5,000 books dedicated to Atlantis were written.
Scientific literature
N.F. Zhirov. The main problems of the anthology.
G. Luce. End of Atlantis.
K. Krestev. Atlantis.
H. Imbellone and A. Vivante. The fate of Atlantis
A. Immortal. Atlantis.
This includes most of the books about Atlantis. Among them is the “bible” of atlantologists - the book by I. Donelly “Atlantis. Antediluvian world". Also worth
note books:
J. Bramwell. Lost Atlantis.
P. Lecure. Atlantis. Homeland of civilizations
R. Malese. Atlantis and the Ice Age.
Fiction
Atlantis has been the subject of a huge number of films and books in the genre of adventure, science fiction and fantasy.
In these books, Atlantis is at the bottom of the sea, in the depths of the desert, in orbit around the Earth. The Atlanteans in these books could survive to this day, possess telepathy, are descendants of aliens, aliens, possess modern technology, have adapted to life under water, etc., etc.
mystical literature
The most famous book by H. P. Blavatsky is The Secret Doctrine, where, without directly naming Atlantis, H. P. Blavatsky describes it. Less well known is the book by R. Steiner, who supposedly learned to read records in the layers of objects that record human history. W. Scott-Eliott wrote a book about Atlantis with a mass of precise details.
ATLANTIS OR ANTERDILOVED CIVILIZATION?
About the Antediluvian SATAN PROJECTAND HIS MODERN "REMAKE"
Research experience
In this study, we will try, to the best of our ability and with the hope of God's help, to reveal a number of important, but little-studied questions regarding the history and causes of the death of the antediluvian world, or, more precisely, perhaps, to say - antediluvian civilization. In our opinion, there is every reason to consider this topic extremely relevant for modern people.
Authors groupForeword
1. pyramids
2. A single antediluvian civilization
3. Global energy information system?
4. About the Satan Religion Project
5. Babylon pyramid
6. Beast from the sea
7. About the collider, HAARP and "parallel worlds"
8. The logic of darkness
9. technotronic magic
Conclusion
And I looked at the age, and behold, there was danger from the designs that appeared in it
(3 Ezd. 9, 20.)
FOREWORD
In this study, we will try, to the best of our ability and with the hope of God's help, to reveal a number of important, but little-studied questions regarding the history and causes of the death of the antediluvian world, or, more precisely, perhaps, to say - antediluvian civilization. In our opinion, there is every reason to consider this topic extremely relevant for modern people.
By the will of the Lord, today, to the extent necessary for us, the essence of the antediluvian civilization is revealed to us, that is, the civilization that was created on earth before the Flood, during which, as follows from the Bible, all mankind died, except for the family of righteous Noah. And the main thing that is revealed to us today is that the antediluvian civilization was not just God-opposing, but directly God-fighting, that the construction of a global occult-satanic system aimed at the implementation of some kind of God-fighting, satanic project was started in it. That is why the Lord God destroyed this civilization by bringing a water flood over the whole earth, so that almost the entire territory on which the objects built by that civilization were located is still under water. Indeed, before the flood, as it is said in the Third Book of Ezra, water occupied only one seventh of the earth's surface, and now - two thirds.
Why right now do we need to know the essence of the civilization that perished during the Flood and about the projects that were implemented in it? Because in our time, when the end of the world is near, started active implementation of the same satanic program, the same atheistic plans and projects that were before the flood - only, of course, with the addition of the use of modern methods and means. And the general, strategic plan is a plan to create a global satanic religion, i.e. on the “reign” of Satan over humanity, universal worship of him and recognition of him as the “god of the Earth”.
But more about this, God will give, we will say more later, towards the end of our study. Let's start our study with this - with the pyramids.
1. PYRAMIDS
We know from the school bench that there are pyramids in Egypt. They stretch for tens of kilometers south of Cairo. The highest and most famous is the “great pyramid” of Cheops, its height is 146 meters (before the construction of the Eiffel Tower in 1889, the Cheops pyramid was considered the tallest building on earth). Of the so-called “seven wonders of the world,” this pyramid is the oldest and only “miracle” that has survived to this day. School textbooks say that the Egyptian pyramids were built by slaves and are nothing more than places of worship - tombs intended for the burial of pharaohs. Actually it is not.
As studies conducted by Egyptologists and other scientists show, even many thousands of slaves could not erect such structures. In addition, no one found not only mummies in the pyramids, but nothing at all confirming the theory of tombs and only tombs[i]. Indeed, it is hard to imagine that such huge structures were erected only in order to bury one person (even a pharaoh). Many modern scientists, categorically disagreeing with the theory of tombs, put forward other versions, which, in their opinion, can fundamentally shake the generally accepted ideas about the history of mankind.
Careful measurements of the spatial position and parameters of the pyramids, carried out by many researchers, gave amazing information. So, in the pyramids, the ratio of the length of the side of the base to the height is the proportion of the "golden section" (which provides the pyramids with a powerful energy effect, recognized by all researchers). The perimeter of the pyramid divided by twice the height gives the number pi. Near the pyramids and inside them, various difficult-to-explain phenomena were repeatedly noted. Inside the pyramids, during the experiments, points were found that are favorable for health, or vice versa - depressing living organisms.
It should be noted that at present there is a general increase in interest in the pyramids - this "gift of ancient civilizations." Per Lately many books and articles have appeared in the foreign and domestic press devoted to the extraordinary properties of ancient and modern pyramids (see, for example: Yu. O. Lipovsky, “Pyramids heal and protect”; “Pyramids and a pendulum guard your health: application").
Service and residential buildings and other structures (arbors, etc.) of a pyramidal shape are being built, pyramids and pyramids of various sizes are made from various materials (glass, plastic, plywood, metals, natural stone). Someone places blades in pyramids made according to the Egyptian type (i.e., with the same proportions), and they sharpen themselves (scientific publications also wrote about this phenomenon), someone germinates seeds in the pyramids, hoping for b O higher than usual germination and yield, someone preserves perishable products in the same way, someone “charges” water, creams and other cosmetics. It is believed that the pyramids bring healing to the physical body and increase the level of human spirituality, protect against geopathic radiation (for example, from harmful radiation from computers and cell phones), protect, remove "damage" and other negative effects, develop "clairvoyance". But in most of the publications on this topic, a (very appropriate) reservation is made that if the pyramids are used “incorrectly”, harm to health, etc. can be done.
But back to the Egyptian pyramids. Everything suggests that they were built not by primitive manual forced labor, but through the use of very advanced, fantastic (in the words of modern experts) building technologies: almost perfect right angles, incredible symmetry of four huge faces, amazing technologies for creating and processing a huge number of stone blocks weighing from 2.5 to 15 tons or more. Some stones are made from very hard rocks (granite, quartzite, basalt, etc.).
There are monoliths carved from hard rocks and processed in Egypt weighing 800 and even 1000 tons (these are gigantic weights). The dimensions of the blocks from which the pyramids are composed are maintained with an accuracy of about 0.2 mm, the blocks are smoothly polished on all sides, and the joints are adjusted (without the use of any cementing material) so that even a needle cannot be inserted into them.
Research conducted by modern professional builders has shown that the builders of the pyramids possessed some unimaginable tools. So, examining holes in granite blocks, experts came to the conclusion that the drills of the pyramid builders were 500 times more powerful than today's most powerful drills. With amazing speed and ease, the builders of the pyramids could not only carve huge stone blocks, but also to crash into solid rocks like butter (the researchers even gave birth to the expression: “plasticine technologies”). Some are inclined to believe that the builders of the pyramids could move and lift huge weights to a height because they had at their disposal levitation technology, which the myths and traditions of many peoples of the world seem to speak about.
Some researchers believe that the builders of the pyramids were able to influence the wave nature of the stone, counteracting gravity.
Modern science is forced to admit not only that it does not know what technologies the pyramid builders used to achieve such results, but also that it is now impossible to achieve such results using even the most advanced scientific developments. How did the ancient Egyptians, who did not have cranes, trucks, other construction equipment and special equipment, mine huge stone blocks, transport them over long distances, process them at a higher level than the modern technical level, and raise them to a great height? What force - spiritual, political or economic - pushed the ancient Egyptians to such a monumental work? And if not the Egyptians, then who created the pyramids? And what is their true purpose? All this is still considered the "greatest mystery" of mankind. Let's try, with God's help, at least to some extent to make this secret clear.
2. ONE PRE-FLOW CIVILIZATION
First of all, it is important for us to know that Egypt is not the only place on which the pyramids remained. Similar structures are found in many other places on the planet.: in Mexico, in South America, in China, in India, in the countries of Southeast Asia, at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, the Sea of Japan ... All this suggests that it was single, global civilization.
Almost every culture has legends about sunken cities and continents, about ancient advanced civilizations lying at the bottom of the ocean, about superhumans, “cities of the gods”, about a global catastrophe (flood) that our planet experienced several thousand years ago. " When the gods were angry with the people they created, the land in which these people lived went under the water, "- it is said, for example, in one ancient Egyptian papyrus (related to the end of the second millennium BC) . In fact, almost all these legends (myths, tales, legends) speak of one civilization - antediluvian. Numerous findings, theories and assumptions of “atlantologists” - seekers of the lost Atlantis, as well as Lemuria, Mu, etc., speak about it. The remains of an antediluvian civilization are scattered around the world. These are not only grandiose pyramids, but also other inexplicable objects: numerous monuments, obelisks, megaliths and other structures, undeciphered letters, ancient maps, giant ground geometric figures and lines, amazing images and objects. Among the most famous mysterious objects: statues on Easter Island, Stonehenge in England.
To create Stonehenge, stone blocks of 5 and 25 tons and several slabs of 50 tons each (with a processed, polished surface) were used. And the builders not only delivered these hulks from afar (it is believed, more than two hundred kilometers, because the building material that was used in the construction of Stonehenge cannot be found closer), but also dug huge long stones into the soil, setting them vertically. Stonehenge means "hanging stones" in Old English. In ancient times, it was also called the "Dance of the Giants" and its creation was attributed to the sorcerer Merlin, a mythological character of British legends.
According to legend, Stonehenge's stones were transported through the air - this may be an indication of some ancient levitation technology. In the 60s of the last century, astronomer Gerald Hopkins put forward a hypothesis and substantiated it very convincingly: he suggested that Stonehenge is an ancient astronomical observatory. Some believe that it was a computer center. Megalithic structures similar to Stonehenge exist in many other places in the world (“stonehenges” in Egypt, America, Yemen, Russia and other countries).
On Easter Island, located in the eastern part Pacific Ocean, there are more than a thousand giant stone statues - some of them reach the height of a five-story building and weigh more than 100 tons. Researchers are perplexed: how could the ancient islanders create and move such massive works? And in the legends of the Indian tribe living on the island, it is told: the statues themselves came from the quarry in which they were carved, they were moved by some mysterious force - mana. Also in the legends there are many references to strange bird people who descended from the sky; it follows from these legends that the bird people possessed advanced flight technology.
At the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in the very center of the Bermuda Triangle in the early 1990s was discovered giant pyramid- it is three times larger than the famous pyramid of Cheops. Perhaps this underwater object is the key to unraveling the "mystery of the Bermuda Triangle", that is, the inexplicable phenomenon of the disappearance of ships and aircraft in this "anomalous zone". The faces of the pyramid are made of a material similar to glass or polished ceramics (it can hardly be a mere coincidence that the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops was described exactly in this way in Arabic sources, the lining of which sparkled under the sun). The famous American atlantologist Charles Berlitz writes in his books: the pyramid in bermuda triangle exists since the time of Atlantis, and in the framework of this pyramid there is some very powerful power plant.
In China, it turns out, there are also huge pyramids. Several dozen of these ancient structures are located in the middle of agricultural fields a few kilometers west of the city Xianyang. Their height is greater than that of the Egyptian pyramids, the highest is 300 m (i.e., twice as high as the Cheops pyramid).
Why don't the Chinese announce loudly and to the whole world about the existence of such grandiose objects in China, which, it seems, should expressly testify to how great and developed the ancient Chinese culture was? Yes, because, first of all, they know that it was not the Chinese who built the pyramids located in China - just like the Egyptians in Egypt, not the Mayans and Aztecs in Mexico, not the Incas in Peru, etc. For many years, the Chinese authorities deliberately concealed the existence of a large number of pyramids in China. Only in 1997 did the German archaeologist Hartwig Hausdorff manage to obtain the consent of the authorities and visit the Chinese "Valley of the Pyramids". One of China's leading archaeologists, Professor Khia Nai, believes that today these pyramids are not being explored because "this is work for future generations." Some researchers believe that Chinese scientists are afraid to invade the pyramids, for fear of finding something there that could turn all our ideas about life on Earth. Chinese archaeologist Wong Shiping claims that the pyramids are arranged in accordance with astronomical aspects and are an example of the incredible knowledge of geometry and mathematics that ancient people had.
From this it is clear how weak the “traditional” explanation of the purpose of the pyramids offered by “Egyptologists with Chinese characteristics” looks like “the tombs of Chinese emperors”. According to more serious researchers, the pyramids are just part of a giant system"holy lines", known in China as "feng shui"[v] . In ancient scrolls five thousand years old, researchers find information according to which the authors grandiose project, of which the pyramids are part, there were the so-called "sons of heaven", who several millennia ago descended to earth on their metal "fire-breathing dragons".
The “sons of the sky” (like the “bird people” from the legends of the Indian tribe living on Easter Island) are, presumably, either antediluvian pyramid builders who could have aircraft (there are archaeological finds indicating this), or just demons, which, as the Scripture says, can appear to people in the form of "angels of light", for more convenient seduction.
There are pyramids in the region of Tibet and the Himalayas. Doctor of Medical Sciences Ernst Muldashev, who studied Tibet, believes that once the North Pole was Mount Kailash, similar to a 7-kilometer artificial super-pyramid, and Easter Island was at the opposite end of the planet. If you mentally connect Mount Kailash with the Egyptian pyramids with one line and go further along the meridian, then the straight line will go straight to Easter Island. If you connect Easter Island with the Mexican pyramids, then the straight line will lead to Mount Kailash. In 1996, E. Muldashev organized an international trans-Himalayan expedition, which collected unique material confirming the existence of the "Atlantean civilization", or rather, an antediluvian civilization. The main books of E. Muldashev: "From whom we came," "In search of the city of the gods."
“Every educated person has heard legends about powerful Atlanteans who lived on earth in time immemorial, - writes E. Muldasheva in the book "From whom we came." - Special literature (E. P. Blavatsky, Eastern religions, etc.) says that before us there were several civilizations on Earth, the level of development of which was much higher than ours ... Nostradamus wrote (1555) that the people of the previous civilization, whom he called the Atlanteans, possessed due to the "third eye" bioenergetic influence on gravity. Therefore, they could easily move huge stone blocks in space, build pyramids and other stone monuments from them ... It is difficult to say who built the pyramids. But it cannot be ruled out that they were built by the Atlanteans even before the era of modern people. Let the Egyptians and Mexicans not be offended, but it is quite possible that they did not build the pyramids - their ancestors just came to the land of the pyramids and began to live next to the stone colossi ... I read from the same Nostradamus that as a result of a global catastrophe(i.e. the Flood. - Auth.)that destroyed the Atlanteans, the axis of rotation of the Earth changed and the poles shifted.
The last statement seems to be consistent with what Christian creation scientists say about the consequences of the Flood. However, we, of course, should not forget that the revelations of such "great initiates and clairvoyants" as Nostradamus, Blavatsky, Vanga (who, it seems, also spoke of an ancient highly developed civilization), should always be treated critically, because, as warns us the Orthodox Church, these "prophets" are not from God.
In Mexico, one of the places where the pyramids were discovered is the ancient Aztec city of Teotihuacan. The Czech archaeologist Miroslav Stingl, in his book Secrets of the Indian Pyramids, talks about his impressions of visiting Teotihuacan: “The local pyramids literally stunned me with their gigantic size. No wonder according to the Aztecs who lived in these places a thousand years after their construction, the pyramids were built by the Atlanteans- kiname ". The substantiation of the hypothesis that the builders of the Indian pyramids were not the Indians, but the "legendary Atlanteans" (i.e., the antediluvian builders of the pyramids), can be found in other studies. For example, in the notes of Paul Stonehill (USA) " Egyptian secrets Mexico".
Teotihuacan translated into Russian means: "the place where the gods touched the earth." It seems that the explanation for this name is simple: the Indians (pagans) once came to this place (to know exactly when this happened is not of great importance to us; the main thing is that it was, of course, many years after the Flood) , saw grandiose miracle structures, made a “logical” (from the point of view of a primitive pagan) conclusion that they built all these bulks and “gods” lived here, and began to use these structures for religious purposes, for which they made superstructures (temples, altars, etc.) and set up idols - to honor the "deities", i.e. demons.
The Bible says that the gods of the Gentiles are demons. Among the Mayan peoples, the main deity and the mythical creator of civilization is the flying serpent Quetzalcoatl, that is, presumably, Satan. In general, the Maya were a rude and cruel people, and their culture was primitive. They practiced human sacrifices, during which the priests took out a still beating heart from the chest of the victim and showed it to the jubilant crowd. Not all experts agree that the ancient Indians are related to astronomical measurements. The dwellings of the Indians were simple wigwams. And scientists are still wondering: why and where did the Indians leave their cities, in which they built such monumental structures (pyramids, etc.)? But the fact of the matter is that it was not the Indians who erected them. According to Indian legends, the pyramids were built by people with magical powers. From the ruins of Indian religious and other structures built on ancient powerful foundations, it is clear that these superstructures were built from unworked or primitively processed small stones, fastened with clay mortar.
That's the whole "secret" of the "great ancient civilizations" of the Aztecs, Mayans and Incas.
3. GLOBAL ENERGY INFORMATION SYSTEM?
All of the above (and many more) amazing information about the pyramids gave rise to many researchers to put forward the following explanation. Since it is clear that the pyramids were not built by the ancient Egyptians, Indians, Chinese, etc., it should be concluded that some ancient highly developed civilization created them; and the pyramids did not perform a funerary function, but were built as energy-information structures, forming in their totality a kind of global system, an energy-information network.
According to some, this civilization is extraterrestrial. This opinion underlies the so-called theory of paleovisits, or visits of ancient astronauts. Also in late XIX At the beginning of the 20th century, C. Ford (USA), K. E. Tsiolkovsky and N. A. Rynin (Russia) expressed the idea that traces of visits and creations of space aliens should remain in the monuments of the most ancient culture of mankind. Adherents of this theory claim that aliens, like the true builders of the pyramids, encoded some valuable information in their creations. In general, fantasies about the extraterrestrial origin of the pyramids are diverse. For example, according to some versions: aliens flew to Earth, built pyramids and other mysterious objects, and then, either they went home, or they were destroyed by the "earthlings". And there is such an option: aliens destroyed the civilization of earthlings that built the pyramids, and all of today's humanity supposedly came from those aliens.
As we have seen, many of the early books about the Maya were also related to the so-called lost civilization of Atlantis. This idea, popular among esotericists, caused laughter or irritation among professional archaeologists in Central America. But should the version of Atlantis be dismissed simply as a myth, or is there some fact behind this legend? I was ready to accept new views on this problem.
Plato was the first to mention Atlantis, who briefly retold its history in the writings Critias and Timaeus. He reports that it was told to the Athenian legislator Solon during a visit to Egypt. Critias, one of Plato's characters, retells this story to Socrates as if he had heard it from his grandfather, and this story is very reminiscent of Maya legends about repeated cataclysms on Earth. The Egyptian priest tells Solon that they know much more about the history of the world than the Greeks:
“You remember only one Flood6, but there were several. You and your fellow citizens are descended from the few survivors, but you do not know anything about it, because for many generations no one recorded the stories of events.”7
According to Plato, there was once a mainland in the place of the middle part of the Atlantic Ocean, and it was the Athenians who repelled the invasion from that mainland to Europe and Africa:
“One of the chronicles tells how your city repelled the invasion of numerous enemies who came from the land in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, who rushed to the cities of Europe and Asia. In those days ships sailed across the Atlantic. Opposite the strait which you call the "Pillars of Hercules" was a huge island, larger than Libya and Asia* put together, and from there travelers could reach other islands, and from there to the mainland on the opposite side of the Earth, surrounded by ocean.
What happened to Atlantis and did it exist at all?
Atlantis is an antediluvian world that disappeared as a result of the flood, except for Noah's family. Interesting world, about which there is practically no information, with the exception of those that are available in the Bible. In particular, it is known that people during this period lived up to 1000 years, were much stronger, incommensurably healthy, strong, larger than us, as all the fauna and flora of the earth were stronger and larger. The land occupied 6/7 of the earth. The climate was mild tropical, there was no rain, and the earth was moistened with steam due to the fact that the entire surface of the earth was covered with a layer of icy water that protected the earth from various harmful effects, for example, from radiation. This protective layer disappeared during the flood and people began to see the stars. Antediluvian people did not eat meat, only fruits, vegetables, cereals, which grew in abundance in such a wonderful climate. The earth was illuminated by lamps hanging in the sky, because the sun was separated from the earth by a layer of ice and apparently shone not so brightly, or maybe it was not visible at all. As a result of a long life, people managed to do a lot, science developed. Now they began to find some objects from an antediluvian civilization, and a lot of them, plunging our contemporaries into shock, how perfect, technical they are, they far exceed all the technologies available in the modern world. These people supposedly could fly on some kind of aircraft, learned to easily move large objects, such as the idols of Easter Island, or the facing plates of the Egyptian pyramids, very precisely fitted to each other, and much more.
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History of Atlantis
ATLANTIS - a huge island or mainland that once existed possibly in the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Gibraltar. The earliest writings of Atlantis that have come down to us are the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato "Timaeus" and "Critias". 12 thousand years ago, the sinking of the continent, which he called Atlantis, ended, which was quite big Island rich in minerals and diverse wildlife. To the south was a plain measuring approximately 370 by 550 km, and between the sea and the plain was the city-state of Atlantis.
At the head of the country was the Supreme Ruler Atlas. The Atlanteans sought to expand their influence on their neighbors, to subjugate them, using their knowledge, which is not achievable even in our time, and the possibility of their implementation in deadly weapons. But. several strong earthquakes split the island, and he went into the ocean. Even before the catastrophe predicted by the Atlanteans themselves, they moved to neighboring lands. A special caste of knowledge keepers brought them through many centuries to the great mysteries, schools of higher initiation in Egypt, Greece and Tibet.
Even in the time of Plato, the statement about the civilization of the Atlanteans that died 11-12 thousand years ago was cruelly ridiculed because, according to Christian concepts, no one and nothing in the Universe existed until the year of the creation of the world - 5508 BC. Criticizing his teacher on this issue, Aristotle said his famous phrase: "Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer." Plato himself claimed that he learned the details about the lost civilization from ancient sources. A revival of interest in this topic came in 1882-1883, when the American scientist Ignatius DONELLY wrote the books Atlantis - the antediluvian world and Ragnarrock - the era of fire and death. According to the legends, it was a fertile densely populated land, which, due to some kind of cataclysm, sank to the bottom. Questions about the existence and causes of the death of Atlantis remain controversial in science.
Dozens of hypotheses have been put forward about the location of the sunken mainland, among the most probable are the areas of the current Azores and the islands of Santorini, Crete, Ascension. Among the heirs of the highly developed culture of the Atlanteans are the Egyptians, the American Indians and even the Slavs. UFO sightings in the Atlantic and mysterious disappearances in the area of the Bermuda Triangle are sometimes associated with the name of Atlantis and the sunken technology of the Atlanteans.
In 1992, a US oceanographic research vessel carrying out cartographic work discovered a pyramid in the center of the Bermuda Triangle, much larger in size than the pyramid of Cheops.
The processing of reflected sonar signals allowed us to assume that the surface of the structure is completely smooth, which is certainly unusual for known materials overgrown with algae and shells, moreover, the surface of the pyramid is very similar to a vitreous substance. These materials were demonstrated at a press conference in Florida immediately after the expedition, however, there were no new data on this object.
ABOUT THE ANTERDOLOV SATANIC PROJECT AND ITS MODERN "REMAKE"
In this study, we will try to the best of our ability and with the hope of God's help to reveal a number of important but little-studied questions regarding the history and causes of the death of the antediluvian world, or more precisely, an antediluvian civilization. In our opinion, there is every reason to consider this topic extremely relevant for modern people.
Just a week ago, I put the puzzles together into a single picture. And today I read this picture by another author. No matter how fantastic it sounds or looks, everything is so. there are no other plausible options. Very similar to the truth. it is a pity that most do not recognize Read more
This article explains a lot in the history of mankind. Many thanks to the authors!! Let's not repeat the mistakes of the past. Read completely
History of Atlantis
History of Atlantis - a large continent that once existed apparently in the Atlantic Ocean towards the west of Gibraltar. An early mention of the writings of Atlantis that have come down to our time were the notes of the philosopher Plato. 12 thousand years ago, the immersion of the continent, which he called Atlantis, stopped, which was a fairly large island, abundant in minerals and a variety of extinct animals. In the south there was a plain measuring about 370 km by 550 km, and in the middle of the sea and plains was the capital city Atlantis.
The ruler of the country was Ruler Atlas sank to the bottom.
Many hypotheses have been put forward about finding the sunken mainland, the areas of the Azores, Crete, Ascension and the Santorini Islands can be called the most likely place. The Egyptians, North American Indians and, not surprisingly, even the Slavs are supposedly called the heirs of the highly developed civilization of the Atlanteans. Sunk with Atlantis by Atlantean technology, sometimes linking underwater UFOs and disappearances without a trace in the Bermuda Triangle area.
In 1992, oceanographic research. a US vessel performing cartographic work observed a pyramid in the Bermuda Triangle much larger than the pyramid of Cheops.
The production of reflected sonar signals made it possible to imagine that the plane of the structure was completely smooth, that it was obvious that the materials were unusual, overgrown with algae, and besides, the plane of the pyramid is very similar to glass. These findings were demonstrated at a conference in Florida after the expedition, unfortunately new information object was not reported.
The Capricorn woman always tries to find a clear explanation and reason for everything that affects her decision to do or not to do, and, having accepted it, she strictly follows the plan and nothing will force her to leave the chosen path.
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Sources: polbu.ru, www.bolshoyvopros.ru, sokrytoe.net, www.zaistinu.ru, istorii-x.ru
South America turns out to be the birthplace of many cultures and even civilizations dating back centuries.
Later finds clearly proved that the builders of La Venta, the inhabitants of Tres Zapotes, the creators of the "bird man" figurine, were the bearers of the very first, most ancient high culture of America. Thus the "Jaguar Indians", as I would like to call them (since we do not know and probably will never know what they called themselves), were the forerunners and even teachers of those who proudly considered themselves the first and only in the world. , that is, the ingenious Maya.
After all, it was they, the "jaguar Indians", who were the first in America to observe the stars, created a calendar, placed dots and dashes in various combinations, until the Mayan numeral system arose from them. "Jaguars Indians", in all likelihood, invented the first, most ancient Indian writing. Similarly, the original date of Maya history is 0.0.0.0.0. (or 4 Ahab 8 Kumchu), corresponding to 3113 BC, obviously belongs to the Laventian or even pre-Laventian period of American history. Actually, the Maya first appear on the stage of Indian history only in the 3rd century AD. And the "Jaguars Indians" - at least a thousand years earlier. They were discovered and introduced to the world by M. Stirling.
DONELLY AND OTHERS
A follower of the ancient Greek philosopher Ignatius Donnelly wrote two books: "Atlantis - the antediluvian world" and "Ragnarok - the era of fire and death." Both of these books were published in 1882-1883 and for the first time aroused serious interest in Plato's Atlantis.
In his youth, Donelly studied law, was fond of poetry. As a Republican congressman, he, unlike many members of the US Congress, often visited the library of Congress, doing science seriously. For Donelly, the glory of the father of modern atlantology was strengthened.
With the light hand of Donnelly, it has become a tradition in atlantological literature to consider the lost mainland a common cultural center for the Old and New Worlds, the "cauldron" of all high civilizations of antiquity. One of the first author of the book "Atlantis - the antediluvian world" drew attention to the similarity of the architecture of the Indians and Egyptians (mainly to the pyramids built in the Nile Valley, and in Peru, and in Mexico), the commonality of some customs, scientific knowledge, calendars and etc. These arguments are still advanced by zealous atlantologists. Donelly was also the first (but by no means the last!) to hypothesize that it was from Atlantis that the cult of the sun god came out and covered almost the entire world.
In Donelly's book, the reader can find the following:
1. There once existed in the Atlantic Ocean, opposite the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, a large island that was a remnant of the Atlantean continent, known to the ancient world as Atlantis.
2. The description of this island by Plato is true and is not, as has long been assumed, an invention.
3. Atlantis was the area where civilization first arose.
4. Over time, it became crowded; immigrants from Atlantis also settled on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, the Mississippi, Amazon rivers, the Pacific coast of South America, the Mediterranean, the western coasts of Europe and Africa, the coast of the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas.
5. It was an antediluvian world - Eden in the language of mythology. The Garden of the Hesperides, the Champs Elysees, the gardens of Alcinous, Mount Olympus, Asgard among the Vikings are nothing but a memory of a big country, Atlantis, where humanity once lived for centuries in peace and happiness.
6. Gods and goddesses Ancient Greece, Phenicia, India and Scandinavia were simply kings, queens and heroes of Atlantis, and the actions attributed to them are a distorted memory of historical events. For example, the god Zeus was one of the kings of Atlantis.
7. The mythology of Egypt and Peru represents the original religion of Atlantis, consisting in the worship of the Sun.
8. The most ancient colony of Atlantis was probably Egypt, whose civilization was a reflection of the civilization of the island of Atlantis.
9. The Bronze Age came to Europe from Atlantis. The Atlanteans were the first to use iron.
10. The Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of all European alphabets, is derived from the Atlantean alphabet, which may have been the basis of the Mayan alphabet in Central America.
11. Atlantis was the initial place of settlement of the Aryan Indo-European family, as well as Semitic and some other peoples.
12. Atlantis perished in a terrible catastrophe. The island and almost all of its population were flooded by the waters of the ocean.
13. Those few who miraculously survived told the peoples living in the west and east about a terrible catastrophe - let's remember the legends about the flood among the peoples of the Old and New Worlds.
14. The proof of the above hypothesis will make it possible to solve many problems that occupy humanity, to confirm the correctness of ancient books, to expand the field of human history, to explain the noticeable similarity between ancient civilizations on opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. There will be an opportunity to find the "progenitors" of our civilization, our fundamental knowledge; those who lived, loved and worked long before the Aryans appeared in India or the Phoenicians settled in Syria will become known.
15. The fact that the history of Atlantis has been taken for a fairy tale for thousands of years does not prove anything. There is disbelief here, born of ignorance, as well as skepticism inherent in the intellect. Our distant ancestors are not always better informed about the past than we are.
For a thousand years it was believed that the ruined cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii were a fairy tale - they were called " fabulous cities". For a thousand years, the educated world did not believe Herodotus, who told about the wonders of civilization on the Nile and in Chaldea.
16. There was a time when it was doubtful that Pharaoh Necho sent an expedition around Africa. After all, travelers reported that after part of the journey the sun turned out to be in their north. Now it is quite clear that the Egyptian navigators really crossed the equator and 2100 years before Vasco to Gama discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
A literal translation of one of the lines of the first song of the Odyssey informs us that "Atlas ... holds great pillars separating earth and sky." This line reflects reality, according to atlantologists. Even Herodotus described the northwestern tip of Africa, and until now Mountain chain called the High Atlas. But the name Atlas has been attached to this array since the time of Polybius (204-122 BC), somewhere there Hercules found the gardens of the Hesperides.
If we agree with the opinion of Strabo, locals used to be called the highest mountain of the Atlas Diris (or Daran). Most likely, the name of the ocean passed to the mountain range in Africa. The name of the ocean and the island came from the mountain that towered over the island and produced, obviously, a quantitative spectacle. One of the mountains on the island of Pico in the Azores archipelago has a height of 2351 meters. Before the sinking of the entire Atlantic massif to the bottom of the ocean, the peak of this mountain top reached a height of 5300 meters, which exceeds all European peaks.
... Such a mountain giant, visible above the green island and the expanse of water, went into the clouds and, as it were, was constantly in the heavenly abode and was identified with God. And there are still many active volcanoes in the Azores. And in those days, the clouds covering the top of the Atlas - the islands of Atlantis, resembled fairytale castles. Three elements were mixed - water, sky and earth. They united together, and therefore the imagery of Homer is understandable in the words about the great Atlas, who knows the depths of the dark sea and himself holds large pillars separating the earth and sky. The fire-breathing mountain, rising from the coastal surf to the very sky, gave the name to the island and the ocean, says atlantologist O. Muk.
In the Aztec languages "atl" means "water", "anti" - "high mountain". If we compare these names, then hypothetically we can conclude that Atlantis is a "mountain from the water" or "a mountain in the middle of the water." If we recall that one of the last dying islands, on which the famous city described by Plato was located, is Poseidonis, it becomes clear that the mountain and the entire island country bear a mythological name in honor of the firstborn of the god of the seas Poseidon.
The king Atlas, a titan-sky-holder, became the hero of the myth, and, apparently, Mount Atlas was the prototype of the pyramids and all kinds of religious buildings both to the east and west of Atlantis. Even the "pyramid belt" can be traced - from China with its multi-storey pagodas to the pyramids of Egypt, Tower of Babel and temples of eastern India. Their less known "copies" are located in Libya, megalithic buildings are found in Europe. The pyramids of the Maya, Toltecs, Aztecs, Incas and other ancient American peoples complete this ring of monuments. All of them are a symbol of a great, multi-stage mountain with a sky-high peak, a temple, the dwelling of the gods and a place of sacrifices and subsequent burials and worship.
And on either side of the ocean separating the Old and New Worlds, all kings, pharaohs, kings were buried under barrows and pyramids. Symbols in the form of obelisks and menhirs are the expression of a now forgotten religion.
The top of the great volcano of the Azores constantly smoked and lit up with internal fire, from its depths the voice of God rumbled. Religious buildings, following these natural manifestations of the deity, had golden domes, roofs, pointed crowns and helmets. Atlas - the peak of the island of Atlantis - was like a beacon, visible to sailors from afar, when they sailed to the divine island thousands of years ago. Smoke, smoking over the top, has become the prototype of cult rites.
This cult was most clearly reflected in the religious rites of the Aztecs, who had an altar at the top of the pyramid, where sacrifices were made to the gods. In Phenicia and Carthage, the "fiery mountain" turned into the "fiery" god Moloch, to whom the first-born were sacrificed. In the Old Testament, it is reported that lard and meat were burned on the altar. Christian altars also accepted symbolic sacrifices, and the censer symbolized a charitable cloud. Ancient Hellas, Egypt and Rome brought bloody and symbolic sacrifices to the altars of the gods.
The tree of life is an unusual symbol: it originated in very ancient times, when the Cro-Magnons inhabited the virgin forests of Europe. The tree of life, the tree of the world among pre-Germanic Europeans is a tree up to the sky that holds stars in its branches. May be, " sky mountain" Atlantis - the prototype of this tree?
The winged serpent - the deity of Quetzalcoatl among the Mayans and the Aztecs, Kukumak in Guatemala, Kukulkan in the Yucatan - embodies the idea of an omnipotent and reborn deity, and, according to legend, he appeared from an island east of America.
This god was the god of fire first and foremost. Thunder was his terrible weapon, and at first he was identified not with lightning, but rather with a stone falling from the sky, causing fires and destruction. Such stones could be meteorites and stones ejected by active volcanoes. From time to time, volcanic eruptions apparently killed many people. Therefore, on the legendary island, a terrible form of a cult of mass murder arose, which among the Aztecs in the west claimed thousands of lives in annual sacrifices. In Carthage, Rome, Hellas, Israel, Nineveh and Babylon, and before Buddhism also in India, human lives were sacrificed to the gods.
Atlantis had a meridional length of 1100 kilometers, it blocked the path of the Gulf Stream to the north. Its northern coast is mountainous, with ten peaks. The largest mountain, Atlas, was over 5,000 meters high. In the south, a vast fertile plain with an area of about 20,000 square kilometers was washed by a warm current and therefore was an ideal place for the growth of subtropical and tropical plants. The climate was subtropical in the north with an average annual temperature of + 10 ° - and tropical in the south - an average annual temperature of + 25 °. High mountains in the north, the islands protected it from the penetration of cold winds.
The entire mountain range of Atlantis was a zone of active volcanoes. And, like other zones, the dense cover of the plain had excellent soil, rich in mineral salts, similar to loess soils, famous for their high yields and not needing any fertilizer. Plants cultivated by man such as coconut palms and banana bushes grew in Atlantis. Bananas grew well in Atlantis, and the tree suitable "for drinking, eating and anointing", that is, the coconut palm, also felt great in the humid and hot climate of the southern part of the island. Apparently, the beauty and richness of the flora and fauna of this island paradise made it possible for many peoples on both sides of the Atlantic to remember the paradise islands of bliss.
Mook believes that the long-legged and muscular hunters depicted in the caves of Spain and Western France correspond more to the Atlantean hunters, and not to the Cro-Magnons proper. He admits that a Cro-Magnon type man also appeared from the west, from the ocean. Cro-Magnons and Atlanteans differed sharply from ancient European people - Neanderthals.
O. Mook, referring to the studies of anthropologists, notes that a certain type of proto-American was found on the American continent - with signs of a Cro-Magnon and an Indian at the same time. The age of the human skeleton of this type, using radiocarbon and fluorescence analysis, was determined at about 12 thousand years. These proto-Americans found in America complete the hypothetical circle of races that inhabited the continents of the Old and New Worlds that were within the reach of the Atlanteans. For the Indians - cheerful, mobile, strong people - the red color of the skin has been and remains a characteristic racial trait. Note that the red color is still a symbolic sign of power and religious worship, especially in sacrificial rites. Perhaps this preserved the memory of the ancient red-skinned rulers of Atlantis? Were the "first people" red-skinned, as O. Muk believes? There is no answer to this question yet.
The old legends about giants and dwarfs are substantiated in the hypothesis of Atlantis and Atlantis. Not only Neanderthals (who lived 50-100 thousand years ago and earlier) were distinguished by small growth, but also all ancient races. The only exceptions were the Cro-Magnons and the Aurignacian people related to them. Unusually high growth was, as it were, an indicator of the degeneration of civilization, O. Mook believes, and dwarf growth was a sign of its initial phase. This seemingly paradox is reflected in mythical tales.
At the end of their existence, the Atlanteans, considering themselves the sons of the god Poseidon, began to threaten the power of the gods of Olympus. But the Vulcans and Cyclopes, with whom they are identified, lost their greatness, became cannibals and squandered their divine power as a result of incest with the "daughters of the earth." That is why the gods decided to punish them and sent down fire and water on them.
* * *
Of particular interest are the problems of linguistic relics of Atlantis. Is it possible that various remnants of the language of the late Paleolithic, which was once universal, were preserved in modern idioms? Of course, etymologists will answer in the negative. But maybe they can be found among those languages that do not fall within the framework of ordinary language schemes?
Among European languages, this is Basque. One of the greatest authorities in the field of comparative linguistics, F. Fink, believes that the Basque language can be attributed to the ancient Iberian, it belongs to the same group with the disappeared languages \u200b\u200bof the Nosser, Chaldeans, Hittites, Isorgians, Lycians, Cappadocians and Etruscans.
Among the Basques, no one betrays their family, everyone speaks their own language, the most ancient language in the world, according to the Basques themselves. In the book "Boshi in France" by E. Salomon, it is reported that in 1930, in the town of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, the author met the Basque, the king of smugglers. "The Basques," said the man, "are the last remnants of the best, freest, and proudest of the worlds, which once disappeared into the abyss along with the island of Atlantis. It stretched from the Pyrenees to the Moroccan mountains."
It is curious that one can trace the "linguistic ring" by analogy with the "ring of the pyramids" - similar linguistic features in various modern peoples of America, Europe and Asia. O. Muk thinks so. However, it is difficult to agree with many of his hypotheses, and some of them cannot be verified even using the methods of modern atlantology.
* * *
A. Wegener, the author of the theory of continental drift, did not allow the seemingly unreasonable disappearance of a huge piece of land in the ocean, especially since, according to his data, the continents America, Africa and Europe are easily reconstructed into a single continent Pangea, which was divided only in the early Tertiary period.
The assumption that the Old and New Worlds once parted and an ocean formed between them has now been confirmed. This happened long before the disaster. The seam between the continents ran just along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is currently located. similarity coastlines the western coast of Africa and eastern South America confirms Wegener's theory, but between Africa (its northern and northwestern parts) and Europe, on the one hand, and Canada, on the other, there is, as it were, an "unfilled" space - to the northeast of Gulf of Mexico. This circumstance does not refute Wegener's theory, but, according to O. Mook, it can serve as confirmation of the existence of an island in this place and its subsequent sinking into the ocean.
What really is the Atlantic underwater ridge of the sunken mountain range or a place where continental plates break?
Now this question can be answered with complete certainty. Yes, the continents are moving apart, moving away from each other, the ocean floor seems to be moving apart. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a jagged, protruding seam on the bottom of the Atlantic. It is here that the magma erupts, from which the material of the oceanic crust is ultimately formed. Coming from the depths, the straightened substance freezes at the bottom, forming a kind of giant icicles sticking up - their ridge is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This figurative and necessarily simplified representation, consistent with the theory of mobilism, allows us to bring the data of science into line with the assumption of the existence of Atlantis. In fact, if islands are formed in the region of active volcanoes of the underwater ridge even today, then this process also took place in the past. The Azores archipelago serves as a peculiar geological monument to it.
* * *
Quite a few encyclopedic minds in Europe turned to the riddle proposed by Plato. L. Seidler writes: "It can be assumed that Columbus believed in the existence of the remains of the sunken Atlantis ... For many years, before he managed to get the consent of the Spanish king to equip the expedition" to India ", Columbus studied ancient literature, where to references to Atlantis and the mythical islands". Later, in the first half of the 17th century, the famous English philosopher and politician Francis Bacon wrote the book "New Atlantis" - a talented scientific and technical utopia, where he indicated in a somewhat allegorical form the coordinates of a mysterious land ... in the region of Brazil. Half a century later, Atlantis-Brazil appeared on a map compiled by the French geographer Sanson. Sanson even pointed to South American territory... the boundaries of the kingdoms that belonged to the sons of Poseidon!
In his work "Teachers of Teachers", the famous poet Valery Bryusov defends the idea of the complete reliability of Plato's "Dialogues", that is, the hypothesis of Atlantis. According to Bryusov, such a country really existed. “If we admit,” he wrote, that the description of Plato is a fiction, it will be necessary to recognize Plato as a superhuman genius who managed to predict the development of science for millennia ahead, to foresee that sometime historians will discover the world of Aegeia and establish its relations with Egypt, that Columbus will discover America, and archaeologists will restore the civilization of the ancient Maya, etc. Needless to say, with all our respect for the genius of the great Greek philosopher, such insight in him seems impossible to us and that we consider another explanation simpler and more plausible: in Plato had at his disposal materials (Egyptian) coming from ancient times.
Bryusov came to the conclusion that Plato could have obtained most of the information contained in the Dialogues only from people who knew about the existence of Atlantis: "Plato, like all Greeks, did not know anything about the Aegean kingdoms that preceded Greece on the soil of Greece. Hellenic".
"The ancient philosopher writes that Atlantis was located beyond the Strait of Gibraltar and from it it was possible, sailing further west, to get to another continent. But the ancient Greeks did not know anything about America!" Having established in this way that on the very first pages of his dialogues Plato makes two discoveries - in history and in geography, Bryusov is convinced that even in smaller details the ancient author is surprisingly close to the truth.
Opinions of modern scientists on the issue of the reality of Atlantis are often sharply divergent. The numerous camp of defenders of the Platonic hypothesis is opposed by the no less numerous camp of anti-atlantologists armed with serious arguments.
Among Soviet scientists, supporters of the existence of Atlantis were such remarkable thinkers as N. Roerich and Academician V. Obruchev. About the sunken land - the ancestral home ancient cultures said in the works of N. Zhirov.
* * *
Some of the knowledge of the ancient peoples is surprising, too unexpected for its time, and most importantly - without roots, as if brought from outside. This applies to astronomy and mechanics, metallurgy and medicine, agricultural technology and stone architecture. The attention of scientists has long been attracted by the mathematical "code", supposedly laid down in the proportions of the Great Egyptian pyramid. (By the way, the hypotheses of recent years have cast doubt on the fact that the 147-meter-high pyramid was built under Pharaoh Khufu, or Cheops. There is reason to believe that the grandiose structure is older!) Even during the Napoleonic wars in Egypt, it was discovered that the pyramid was oriented exactly along the Earth's polar axis. The pyramid could have been used as an observatory, calendar, or giant sundial. Egyptologist P. Tomkins wrote: “The one who built the pyramid of Khufu knew how to make excellent maps of the starry sky and with the help of stars correctly calculate longitude, build maps of the planet and, therefore, move freely around the Earth - across its continents and oceans. There is a certain connection between the original knowledge of those who ordered the construction of the Great Pyramid, and those who created ancient maps of the seas, more accurate and detailed than those that have survived to this day.
The maps that Tomkins writes about are associated by many researchers with Atlantis. One of them was found in 1929 in Turkey, we will talk about it later.
Some atlantologists, relying on myths and folk epics, frescoes and rock paintings, argue that the inhabitants of the disappeared mainland knew television and aviation, electric light, X-rays, antibiotics and even nuclear energy, which, alas, manifested itself in the form of destructive explosions. Nicholas Roerich wrote about Atlantis:
Airships flew.
Liquid fire poured out. sparkled
Spark of life and death.
Uplifted by the power of the spirit
boulders. Forged
wonderful blade. cherished
writing wise secrets,
and again clearly everything. Everything is new.
A fairy tale-tradition has become life...
Of course, not all atlantologists are so romantic. Most believe that the culture of the Bronze Age flourished in the disappeared country. Separate phrases of Plato seem to point to the development of metallurgy. Bryusov also became interested in describing the favorite metal of the Atlanteans - orichalcum. He suggested that Plato was referring to aluminium. Modern scholars believe that orichalcum was most likely some type of bronze or brass. Many researchers associate the onset of the Bronze Age throughout the Earth with the influence of Atlantis. Indeed, a wonderful alloy almost simultaneously appears in the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia, in Asia and South America.
Other models of Atlantean civilization are even more modest. After all, Plato nowhere directly speaks of bronze. He mentions orichalcum, gold, silver, lead and iron. But all of these are native metals (except for the mysterious orichalcum). Their abundance in the capital of Atlantis does not yet speak of a developed metallurgy. The tools could also have been made of stone, and the metals might have been used for jewelry, for wall cladding or decorating temples. Ancient world knows such paradoxes.
Nowhere does Plato mention brick, lime, cement. Metal rods could be used to fasten the blocks of walls (as in some buildings of ancient Peru). This also corresponds to the time of the transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. The gigantic sizes of channels, palaces and temples, which the philosopher speaks of, also do not testify (by themselves) to a highly developed civilization. Slave labor made possible any ridiculously grandiose projects with the most primitive technology. It is in the early stages of culture that many peoples gravitate toward gigantism in architecture. This is caused by the desire to exalt leaders and gods.
A number of authors of atlantological writings associate the really mysterious pan-European culture of megalithic constructions with "pra-civilization". Huge structures of roughly hewn blocks are found on the coasts from Scandinavia to Africa. There are also in the USSR, for example, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Megaliths are very similar to each other. These are rows or concentric circles of stones. Sometimes the blocks are laid one on top of the other in the form of the letter "P".
Defenders of the Atlantis hypothesis suggest that the colossal and apparently almost meaningless structures were left as monuments to a people who came from the sea, perhaps on rafts. Of course, such Atlantis could only be the homeland of the tribes of the Stone Age. However, there are "optimists" among atlantologists who believe that even in the conditions of the Paleolithic or Mesolithic, astronomical knowledge, as well as fine arts, could develop. The famous megalithic structure in England, Stonehenge, testifies in favor of the first assumption. Some even see in the proportions of the British megalith ... the distances between the planets of the solar system. The aesthetic talents of the "marine aliens" are evidenced by cave frescoes made many thousands of years ago, for example, hunting scenes in the caves of Lascaux or Altamira. The painting is amazingly perfect. There is an opinion that the Cro-Magnons - draftsmen of primitive Europe - achieved in their works such realism, which the world did not know in the future until the Renaissance. But after all, the Cro-Magnons are sometimes called the "sea people" who landed on the Atlantic shores ...
However, no matter what hypotheses are put forward by modern atlantologists, no matter what level of civilization they attribute to the country of their dreams - atomic, bronze or stone, all the same, atlantology as a whole remains true to some of the provisions formulated more than 100 years ago by Ignatius Donnelly. That is, it was from Atlantis that bronze and iron technology came; various knowledge came from there, including Phoenician writing, the progenitor of all European alphabets; Many peoples came out of Atlantis and then settled around the world.
Much can be said about strange coincidences between the customs of tribes separated by oceans, say, the mummification of the dead, adopted in Egypt and in the early civilizations of South America. On the coincidence of words in the languages of the Old and New Worlds. About the same pyramids that were built on the banks of the Nile, in the cities of pre-Columbian Mexico and in ancient Cambodia ... Atlantological literature is extensive. However, we will confine ourselves to a brief analysis of hypotheses that answer the question: did Atlantis exist, and if so, where exactly was it located?
The most substantiated theory in this regard was built by the already mentioned doctor of chemical sciences N.F. Zhirov. He placed the "Isle of the Blessed" in the same place as Plato and Donelly behind him, that is, opposite the "Pillars of Heracles" of the Strait of Gibraltar, in the middle of the Atlantic, but he supported his opinion with evidence from geology, oceanology, geotectonics and other sciences of the 20th century. Here are his words: "The data of modern science indicate that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there is an underwater North Atlantic Ridge, which could exist subaerially (above the surface of the water) at times close to those indicated by Plato in his legend. It is possible that some of these areas of land existed until historical time. Zhirov suggested looking for traces of Atlantis on the islands located near Europe or Africa, Azores, Canaries, etc. Plato writes that the walls of the capital of Atlantis, Poseidonis, were made of red, black and white color. But these colors are the main ones for the hard rocks of the Azores, it is from such stones that the ancient buildings of the islanders are built! Canary Islands provide evidence of a different kind. The indigenous, now disappeared population of the islands of the Guanches - many experts consider the direct descendants of the Atlanteans. Already by 1500, the Guanches were completely exterminated by the Spanish conquerors, but the drawings and descriptions retained their appearance. The Guanches were tall, fair-haired and blue-eyed. Their customs showed a strange resemblance to the customs of highly cultured ancient peoples. The Guanches had a caste of priests who wore clothes and headdresses similar to those of Babylon. They embalmed the dead like the Egyptians and buried them in domed tombs like the Greeks at Mycenae. The Guanches left rock inscriptions; they are similar to the hieroglyphs of Crete, but have not yet been deciphered. L. Seidler cites the words of one of the last Guanches recorded by the Spanish chronicler: “Our fathers said that God, having settled us on this island, then forgot about us. But one day he will return with the Sun, which he ordered to be born every morning and which gave birth to us." These words testify to at least two circumstances. Firstly, that the Guanches considered themselves aliens in the Canaries, and forced aliens - "God forgot about us." Secondly, the white-skinned and blue-eyed islanders were sun-worshippers, like the Egyptians or the Peruvians...
N.F. Zhirov, not without reason, believed that the most surprising of what we know about Atlantis and the Atlantic is the existence in the place indicated by Plato (to the west of Gibraltar) of a huge underwater mountainous country of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Azores Plateau adjacent to it from the east ( also below sea level). Back in 1945, the Dane Frandsen pointed out that the bottom topography in the region of the Azores plateau corresponds to the description of Atlantis by Plato. Recent work by the Swedish scientist Malez confirmed the correspondence of Frandsen's calculations to the bathymetric maps of the area.
Atlantis
Atlantis - according to the ancient Greek legend preserved by Plato, there once existed a huge fertile densely populated island in the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Gibraltar, which sank to the bottom due to an earthquake. Questions about the existence and causes of the death of Atlantis in science remain controversial. (BES).
The search for Atlantis began in AD 50 and has actually been going on for two millennia. During this time, a huge number of versions were expressed, but then scientists agreed to count only 40-50 points on the map of the Earth that corresponded to the legend with the highest degree of plausibility. A version was expressed that such events could occur in different time, in different places and built a chronology of alleged events. Presumably, events could develop in the following order:
– south of the islands Cape Verde, opposite the city of Conakry (Africa);
- near the southern part of the Mendeleev Ridge, but north of about. Wrangel (Arctic Ocean);
- in the Caribbean Sea, west of about. Haiti;
- in the northeast of Taimyr;
- North of Crete;
– in the center of Bolivia (South America);
– in the South China Sea;
- in the Novorossiysk Bay (Krasnodar Territory).
The ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) described the glorious history and tragic end of the island nation of Atlantis in his two writings Timaeus and Critias. The plot is based on a story in the form of a dialogue between Plato's great-grandfather Critias and his grandfather, who heard the story about Atlantis from his contemporary Solon, an Athenian legislator and poet, who, in turn, heard the story from an Egyptian priest. This island state was, according to Plato, behind the Pillars of Hercules, as the Strait of Gibraltar was previously called.
Plato gives a fairly detailed description of the island itself, its capital. In the center of the island there was a hill, on which temples and the royal palace of the Acropolis stood. upper town protected by two rows of earth embankments and three water ring-channels. The outer ring was connected to the sea by a 500-meter canal through which ships entered the inner port. The harbor accommodated up to 1200 ships, which could wait out any bad weather here.
central part The island was surrounded by stone walls. The Atlanteans applied molten copper to the stone walls around the outer earthen ring of the canal, and the inside of the wall was covered with tin casting. The wall of the Acropolis was covered with orichalcum (an alloy of copper and zinc), which emitted a "fiery radiance". The floors of the temple of the main deity of the Atlanteans Poseidon were lined with gold, silver and orichalcum. Another temple dedicated to Poseidon and his wife Kleito, the progenitor of all Atlanteans, was surrounded by a golden wall.
In the Timaeus dialogue, Plato explains some of the political structure of the island state: “On this island, called Atlantis, a great and amazing union of kings arose, whose power extended over the whole island, to many other islands and to part of the mainland, and moreover , on this side of the strait they took possession of Libya as far as Egypt and part of Europe as far as Tirrenia ... ".
If we do not take into account a number of late geographical names(Europe, Tirrenia, Libya, Egypt), which can be attributed to translators, the narrative looks quite convincing, and Plato himself repeatedly repeats that he writes the true truth. There is some doubt about the information that underground passages led to the African and American continents.
The Olympic gods, angry at the greed of the islanders and Athens who fought with them, decided to punish them for their greed and violence. A monstrous earthquake and flood “in one terrible day and one night” destroyed the Athenian army and all of Atlantis, which had gone under the water of the ocean.
Such is the legend. Many explorers were attracted by the treasures of Atlantis, everyone wanted to take possession of them. Most of the signs described by Plato indicated the existence of the Atlantic Ocean sunk in the vastness, some believed that they had misinterpreted the main landmark and tried to search in the Mediterranean Sea, which in ancient times could be compared with the ocean. There were also new versions that the ancient philosopher did not know about: Brazil and the sea coasts of Siberia.
Interest arose with renewed vigor after the First World War in connection with the development of new underwater technology. This prompted adventurers to organize search companies in several countries at once. Companies burst one by one, but interest did not weaken, each new one believed that it was closer to the goal of previous search engines. In the Soviet Union, the search for the sunken island began several decades ago. "The Russians have found Atlantis!" - such sensational headlines went around all the world's newspapers in 1979 and were accompanied by photographs of the seabed. In the photographs, under a layer of sand, longitudinal ridges were clearly distinguished, resembling the walls of a destroyed city. The impression of ancient city ruins was enhanced by the fact that other ridges ran along the bottom at right angles to the first ones. Underwater images were taken by scientists from the research vessel of the Moscow University "Akademik Petrovsky". The place itself perfectly suited Plato's version and was located "beyond the Pillars of Hercules" in the shallows near the underwater volcano Ampere. Scientists managed to establish that once the volcano protruded above the water and was an island.
Three years later, a more equipped Soviet ship, the Rift, launched the Argus submersible in this place. A message from the commander of the Argus, V. Bulyga, flew to the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences: “We opened a panorama of the ruins of the city, since the walls very similarly imitated the remains of rooms, streets, squares.” Unfortunately, such encouraging impressions of the aquanaut were not confirmed by the subsequent Vityaz expedition, which took place in the summer of 1984. Two stones of the correct form were raised to the surface from one of the walls, but their analysis showed that these were the creations of human hands, but volcanic rock. The commander of the Argus crew, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences A. Gorodnitsky, writes in his report: “Most likely, the stone is a frozen lava that once poured out through the cracks of the volcano.”
This expedition explored another Josephine seamount, an equally ancient volcano, and earlier an island. A.Gorodnitsky offered his vision of a geological catastrophe of the distant past: it occurred as a result of a sharp shift in the northward direction of the African tectonic plate. Its collision with the European plate caused the eruption of the Santorini volcano in the east, and the sinking of the named volcanic islands into the ocean in the west. This hypothesis does not contradict the geological and geophysical data of modern science. Meanwhile, once again, the version of Atlantis turned out to be another myth and scientists did not find traces of material culture.
Deserve attention as the most plausible version of the study of the Swiss archaeologist Eberhard Zangger, who, after comparing some data related to Troy and Atlantis, considered them identical. Fairly close and important coincidences (the number of ships in the "twelve hundred", strong northern winds that interfered with rowing vessels when passing into the Black Sea).
Not so long ago, a wealthy English athlete T. Severin decided to follow the path of the Argonauts in a galley built according to an ancient model. Before entering the Sea of Marmara, rowers at the latitude of Troy were exhausted several times, struggling with the oncoming northern current coming from the Dardanelles. Such a natural obstacle could allow Troy to firmly hold an important trading artery in their hands and collect a toll from merchant ships. The information we have confirms that the sea tax was an important source of income for the Trojans. This also explains the presence of a large fleet and a capacious harbor. Currently, scientists using aviation and other equipment are looking for traces of the proposed channel to the inner port 500 meters long.
In one of the collections of Moscow State University, an article by E. Milanovsky was published, in which the author quite convincingly cites his version: “Many facts and details reported by Plato make it possible to identify Atlantis in the ancient metropolis, and horseshoe-shaped in terms of mountainous islands and straits of a polygenic, that is, a long-term and repeatedly active volcano of the central type. Each volcanic eruption was accompanied by a partial subsidence of the central volcanic structure, which turned into a caldera - a basin left after the eruption. Multiple eruptions of the volcano piled up calderas, like bowls of different diameters inserted into each other. The gaps between the edges of the bowls are those ring channels, if we talk about the structure of the port of Atlantis. From the standpoint of geology, we can reasonably assume that the island or archipelago described by Plato with a concentric relief device and thermal springs and its sudden collapse into the deep sea, accompanied by an earthquake, tsunami and the appearance of large masses of floating “petrified mud” (pumice) at the site of the failure, is quite correspond to what has become known to geologists in the last 100-150 years.
In his works, E. Milanovsky sets out arguments in favor of the full correspondence of geological events on the island of Tyra to what Plato wrote about the catastrophe of Atlantis. He gives a detailed description of the ongoing excavations of the Tyrian city of Akrotiri, which in many ways resembles modern cities. E. Milanovsky's version was recently confirmed by the Greek seismologist G. Galanopoulos. While studying the caldera on the island of Thira, he became convinced that a volcanic explosion of incredible force had occurred here, causing a tsunami up to 100 meters high. This wave washed away everything on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean.
Materials received by the famous researcher underwater depths J. Cousteau gave him the opportunity to build his own hypothesis: “The power of the Minoan empire rested on its seaside cities leading the trade. Therefore, even if the palaces and cities located in the center of the island (Crete) were not damaged, if not all Cretans died (as well as the inhabitants of the Cretan colonies in Greece, the Cyclades or Asia Minor), if not all the fields were covered with ashes, the greatest civilization of King Minos was finished. They began to forget about Crete. From real life, the Cretans moved into the realm of myth. They were turned into a semi-legendary people and expelled from history. In Egypt they became Atlanteans. Solon or Plato had already forgotten about the greatness of Crete, when from the lips of the priest of the goddess Neith they recorded the story of the greatness and fall of Atlantis. There are other data that speak in favor of the identification of Crete with Atlantis. Further, the scientist refers to the Bible, which contains parables “about the ten plagues of Egypt”, set forth in the book “Exodus”. Parables allow us to interpret them as a description of the consequences of a grand catastrophe in the eastern Mediterranean.
The hypotheses of the Russian and French scientists, as well as possible, complement one another and work in the same direction. The question involuntarily begs: if it makes sense to continue the search for Atlantis in other places? I think that it is worth it, at least for science to acquire new information about the life of our ancestors.
In 2000, in the August issue of the newspaper "Megapolis-Express" a sensational article by Evgeny Surkov "But then a piece of Atlantis surfaced!" Due to its small volume and solid information content, I quote it without abbreviations.
“Echoes of strong tremors have recently been registered by seismological stations in Russia and Canada. They did not cause much concern: the epicenter of the earthquake fell on a remote corner of the Arctic Ocean. In photographs taken from space, in the zone of a natural cataclysm, the outlines of some unknown land were clearly visible.
However, this did not come as a surprise. As the correspondent of the Exotic News Agency was told at the Institute of Physics of the Earth, unexpected rises and falls of the planet's surface under the influence of underground forces often happen. And in general, it is one thing when the earth goes into the abyss of water, dragging entire cities with it, and another thing is the raising of a small section of the bottom. What can be interesting here? But this time nature gave a surprise. Together with the "earth", an ancient civilization "surfaced".
The crews of several ships, traveling in a caravan from Murmansk to Pevek, accompanied by the icebreaker Ob, witnessed such an unusual event. The sight of rising ice and "boiling" water threw the crews into lung condition shock.
Look, Atlantis! - suddenly shouted the watchman on the icebreaker. In fact, right before the eyes of the sailors, an island with ruins emerged from the water. Massive columns in the manner of the Egyptians were interspersed with gigantic buildings built from huge blocks. Heaps of stone fragments protruded from under the broken ice floes. The "streets" of the ancient city were filled with silty slurry flowing into the ocean. Above all this chaos reigned a huge structure of regular geometric shape.
The captains of the ships gave the command "stop". But even getting closer to the newborn island was out of the question: sometimes such “babies” behave too insidiously. Indeed, the sailors did not have to admire the fabulous spectacle for a long time. A few minutes later, shuddering, the island also suddenly began to slowly sink into the ocean.
The International Association for the Exploration of the Arctic Ocean Basin (headquartered in London) learned about the incident only after the caravan returned to its home port. However, scientists interviewed eyewitnesses.
– It is authentically known, – commented, – vice-president of the Russian branch of the association Mikhail Buynov, – that one of the highly developed cultures existed exactly in those latitudes fifteen millennia ago. This is the so-called Arctida. Once, as a result of a global catastrophe, it was gradually flooded by the waters of the Arctic Ocean. However, evidence of it has been preserved in the myths of various peoples. Now, by a lucky chance, it was precisely that part of the bottom that archaeologists and historians had dreamed of for so long that had risen from the puchpna.
By the way, seismologists for the near future predict a number of serious tectonic shocks of the bottom of the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, the emergence of new islands with traces of Arctida between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land may resume.
The news of such an unusual find excited the scientific world. Any archaeologist dreams of finding the treasury of the ancient Aryans who inhabited Arctida. Indeed, according to legend, sacred knowledge recorded on golden sheets is stored in it. According to the ancient traveler Pytheas, the golden library of the Aryans was located on the island of Tula, somewhere in the Svalbard region. According to the doctor of the Illinois Archaeological Institute Harry Smith, this is nothing more than a bank of high technologies developed by one of the first civilizations on the planet. For those who master them, magic will become a mere routine.
This hypothesis is supported by another finding. In 1935, Norwegian fishermen, who hunted in the Barents Sea, found in a trawl among crabs and fish three "golden papyri" with unknown writings. During the occupation of Norway, they disappeared: apparently, the Germans tried to use them in their secret developments.
That is why the observation of Russian sailors interested not only scientists, but also the Russian General Staff. According to some reports, it is from his filing that military experts urgently calculate where the ruins of prehistoric cities may emerge in the near future. And the research ship "Georgy Sedov" wasted no time, set off to "patrol" the harsh waters of the Arctic.
I can not ignore another version regarding the location of the legendary Atlantis. It is so accepted in science that versions that belong exclusively to scientists are considered. Even the finds in Troy by Heinrich Schliemann were repeatedly called into question due to the “ignorance” of the self-taught archaeologist. Despite this, Schliemann rendered an invaluable service to science by finding Troy and conducting excavations in Mycenae and other cities of antiquity. These circumstances forced the world of science to recognize the significance of his work.
Our modest compatriot lives in the port city of Novorossiysk, who found his Troy and his Atlantis without leaving the city. V. Vladykin, having carried out a comparative analysis of all the above sources, came to the conclusion that these objects were located in the old days on the territory of modern Novorossiysk. His analysis strikes with the depth of research using the length measures of that time and the correspondence of the values given in the works of ancient authors. It is impossible to argue with the logic and accuracy of the author. They found absolutely all the signs of the disappeared cities, including the existing ones, within and around Novorossiysk thermal springs. In other countries, such a person would be carried in their arms, and on historical places they would have erected buildings of the corresponding period and turned the city into a tourist Mecca, but things are still there ...
The unwillingness of the state to deal with such objects involuntarily leads to reflection: these facts do not fit into the plans of the Global Predictor, which determined our life according to the biblical concept. For the same reason, they continue to impose on us the history of Russia, limited by a thousand-year framework. I have always resented the loose use of the words prehistoric and antediluvian. In the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, the first means “Relating to the most ancient period, about which there is no written evidence”, and the second - “Obsolete, old-fashioned, backward (literally: existing before the mythical flood)”. Thus, the Cretan-Minoan civilization, with its multi-storey buildings, equipped with water supply and sewerage on all floors of the buildings, corresponds to the prehistoric period. All the “incomprehensible” objects of antiquity, which could not fit into the consciousness of the nomadic Arabian people, are also attributed to this period. You will involuntarily believe in the meaning of the word "history", which is interpreted as "from the Torah" and fits perfectly into the biblical concept.
Concluding our tour of the places of the possible location of Atlantis, I want to draw your attention to the presence of the “Russian” components of this name “ot lan ida” means “land cut off from the mainland” or sea and ocean islands, in contrast to small river islands-siches. That is why the globalizers are afraid to conduct a serious search for ancient civilizations, because they belong exclusively to the Russian people. The descendants of "earthly men" cannot, even in their wildest fantasies, "fly away" further than five and a half thousand years of their history, and here are tens and hundreds of thousands of years of flourishing civilizations...
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