Economic and geographical position
Montenegro is a small country in southeastern Europe, located on the Adriatic coast. Balkan Peninsula. Montenegro also includes 14 islands.
Montenegro borders on:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (northwest),
- Croatia (west)
- Serbia (northeast)
- Republic of Kosovo (east),
- Albania (southeast).
The Adriatic Sea washes Montenegro from the southwest.
The total territory of the country is 13.812 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica.
On the territory of the country there are: flat central regions, mountain ranges of the eastern part, coast Adriatic Sea.
In the north-west of Montenegro is the Bay of Kotor, in which major ports and famous beaches Montenegro. The main beaches are located on the Budva Riviera.
The highland region is located northeast of the rivers Komarnica, Piva, Moraca. In the highlands, the Dinaric Highlands are distinguished, formed by the mountain ranges Durmitor, Vizitor, Komov, Belasitsa, Sinyavina and Prokletie, or the Cursed Mountains. In the south are the karst mountains Orien, Rumia, Lovcen.
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Mountain peaks (about 70) have a height of more than 2000 m. The highest point is Bobotov Kuk peak (2522 m) in the Durmitor massif.
A karst plateau rises above the Adriatic coast. Patches of fertile land are found on separate small plains and in crater-shaped craters.
The plain occupies less than 20% of the country's territory. The plain region (Chernogorsk Plain) with a height difference of 350 m consists of: the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain, the Skadar Lake basin, the Niksic Field.
Remark 1
Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises play an important role in the Montenegrin industry. The woodworking, machine-building, tobacco and food industries are developed. Agriculture is dominated by grain crops, viticulture, subtropical fruit growing, and mountain pasture animal husbandry.
Climatic conditions
Climatic conditions in different regions of the country differ significantly:
- the central foothill regions of the country - the climate is temperate continental, a lot of precipitation, mild winters and hot summers;
- the Adriatic coast - the climate is Mediterranean, short-term rains are characteristic (winter and spring), there is almost no precipitation in summer; winters are mild and summers are moderately hot;
- in mountain ranges - subalpine climate, severe mountain climate, characterized by cold winters and moderately warm summers.
The Adriatic coast is dominated by dry and hot summers with rainy and mild winters. The average summer temperature is 25-26°C. In winter, the temperature does not fall below 7°C (Ulcin) and 9°C (Herceg Novia). Total sundial per year - 2700. In summer, the temperature sea water is 25-28°C.
In the central plains, temperatures drop to 5°C in winter and reach 27°C in summer.
Mountain regions are characterized by relatively cold winters (from −10 to +5°C) and moderately warm summers (19-25°C).
Remark 2
A large number of precipitation is due to the presence of mountainous terrain and the proximity of the sea. The average annual rainfall, depending on the area, is from 500 to 1500 mm. In some parts, the annual rainfall can reach 3000 mm. In the mountains, the height of the snow cover is 1-3 m, snow here lies up to 5 months a year.
Natural resources
Water resources. The rivers of the country belong to the basins of the Danube and the Adriatic Sea. The largest and most significant rivers include the rivers: Tara, Lim, Cheotina, Moracha, Zeta, Boyana. Most rivers of mountainous origin flow in winding and deep canyons. largest freshwater lake Lake Skadar (369.7 sq. km.), located in a karst depression, and Lake Shas are the largest lakes in the country. Most mountain lakes are of glacial origin.
Minerals. The country is not rich in mineral resources. Only coal is present in sufficient quantities as strategic energy carriers. The country has developed deposits of aluminum ore, zinc (Šuplja-Stena, Brskovo, Mojkovac), lead, bauxite (Niksic). Oil and natural gas are imported from other countries.
Natural and recreational resources. The purest Adriatic Sea, mountain landscapes, mild climate make the area attractive for recreation and recreation. Mountain ranges are attractive for hiking, mountain climbing and ski slopes (in winter time). The water in the lakes is crystal clear. For the transparent greenish-blue color of the lake, it is often called "mountain eyes". Availability national parks and nature reserves provides favorable conditions for ecological tourism. On the Adriatic coast, the holiday season lasts from April to October.
Flora and fauna
Forests occupy more than 40% of the country's territory. Mostly coniferous and mixed forests.
Numerous palm trees, various cacti (some up to 5 meters high), oleanders and magnolia grow on the territory of the Adriatic coast.
Bananas grow in Herceg Novi. From fruit plants, you can find pomegranates, kiwi, peaches, grapes, tangerines and oranges.
In the alpine meadows, many flowering, rare plants grow, in particular - edelweiss.
Skadar Lake is famous for water lilies, lilies and lotuses.
Large animals live in Montenegro: deer, elks, bears, fallow deer, wild boars, wolves, lynxes. There are martens, turtles.
The coast is rich in various species of fish, a lot of trout and carp. Many octopuses and squids live here. Mussels and oysters are grown in the Bay of Kotor.
The avifauna is represented by various bird species: pelicans, cormorants, herons, swans, black ibises. You can meet the golden eagle.
Almost 10% of the territory of Montenegro is occupied by nature reserves and National parks:
- Durmitor. UNESCO heritage. Huge species diversity of flora and fauna. Within the park are natural monuments: Tara river canyon, black lake, ice cave, invisible canyon.
- Biogradska mountain. Virgin forests, including unique ecosystems, a huge variety of plants.
- Lovcen. The park is represented by various landforms.
- Skadar lake. The largest wading bird reserve in Europe. There are many in the park ancient fortresses and monasteries.
Montenegro
Montenegrin Crna Gora, Crna Gora
It got its name from Mount Lovcen (1749 m), located in the historical center of the country near the Bay of Kotor.
Soils
A distinctive feature of Montenegro is the accumulation of red soil in the coastal region. This type of soil, resulting from the weathering of dolomite and limestone rocks, is also common in the depressions of the karst region; the bare rocks of the southern part of the karst soil have practically no. The soils of the mountainous regions are represented by ordinary brown forest and podzolic soils. The eastern regions are more fertile and covered with forests and grass.
Arable land - 13.7%, land occupied by permanent grain crops - 1% (2005). There are no irrigated lands. (2003).
Ecology and protected areas
In areas of intensive tourism, such as Kotor, there is pollution of coastal areas with sewage.
According to the constitution of Montenegro, the republic is an "environmentally friendly state", 8.1% of the territory is under various environmental protection regimes (including the national parks Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora and Lake Skadar).
Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. total area the territory of the country is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is the city of Podgorica (former Titograd).
Montenegro is washed from the south by the Adriatic Sea. The state in the west borders on Croatia, in the northwest there are borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the northeast - with Serbia, in the east - with Kosovo with Albania in the southeast.
The total length of the land borders of the state is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia - 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Until June 2006, Montenegro was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006.
The territory of the country conditionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, relatively flat central part countries and also mountain systems east of the country. In the central part of the country there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica and Nikisic.
The continental coastline of Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state consists of 14 sea islands. The length of the coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. Located in the northwest of Montenegro large bay called Boka Kotorska, which crashes into land for 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².
The total length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52.2% of the country's rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of them are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the country throughout their entire length. The Boyana River used to be the only navigable river in the country. Currently, it is no longer navigable.
Almost all the rivers of the country are mountainous, they form fairly deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon is considered the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.
The famous Skadar Lake is the largest lake not only in the country, but also in the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Lake Shasskoe, with an area of 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin on the territory of the country. Their total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. highest point country is Mount Bobotov-Kuk, ( mountain range Durmitor). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in the zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky capes.
Montenegro is famous for its diverse natural landscapes, especially inland. However, tourists are most interested in the main coast of Montenegro. We will talk about it in this article.
The length of the Montenegrin coast is 293 km. It consists of two separate parts: Boka Kotorska in the north (the Bay of Kotor, a series of four basins connected by straits and surrounded by hills) and the "normal" coast in the south.
On the northern and eastern edge of the Bay of Kotor, mountains rise almost vertically from the sea to the peaks of Orijen (1895 m) and Lovcen (1749 m). Warm air from the sea rises over the rocks, cools quickly and causes rain. Due to abundant rainfall, the entire coast of the bay remains very green even during the warmest summer months. The vicinity of the Bay of Kotor is one of the regions of Europe with the highest rainfall.
The rest of the coastline is open to the sea. There are many long and relatively wide beaches here. Mediterranean vegetation prevails in this region, with dense evergreen shrubs and many aromatic plants. Tall cypresses, sea pines and olive groves are also common on south coast Montenegro.
As for the weather on this coast, summers are long and hot, and winters are mild and rainy.
Montenegrin coast map
Unfortunately we couldn't find good card coast of Montenegro in Russian, but found a few detailed maps, which marked all the important cities and resorts of Montenegro on the Adriatic coast. We recommend that you enlarge the map to see it in more detail. To enlarge, click on the map itself, and then on the "Enlarge" icon.
Cities and resorts of Montenegro on the coast
Almost all the cities of Montenegro on the sea coast are resorts. Only some of the most famous cities in Montenegro are not on the coastline (Podgorica, Cetinje, Zabljak). What cities and resorts of Montenegro are located on the seashore? These are famous cities as (from north to south): Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Sutomore, Bar and Ulcinj. Of course, this is not all resorts. We talked about all these cities in separate articles, and some of them even devoted entire sections on our website.Montenegro (Montenegro. Crna Gora, Crna Gora) - a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. This is a small country in the heart of the world with a unique pure nature and eventful ancient history. Many great states fought for this paradise on the Adriatic coast, protected by mountains and hills, surrounded by forests and fertile lands.
Montenegro- a country of amazing and unexpected combinations: here the mountain air and the sea air; here Orthodox churches are adjacent to mosques; here people live in medieval castles and houses, whose walls have seen those events that are remembered, respected and passed from mouth to mouth. Every corner of the earth here is saturated with history. There were endless wars on these lands, they were constantly captured and reconquered, they belonged to countless foreign rulers, but in spite of everything, the Montenegrin people retained themselves, their culture, their language. These people absorbed the best from every culture that came to their land, passed through themselves, but did not lose their own characteristics. They don't look like anyone. They are proud and independent.
Montenegrowashed by Adriatic Sea, has land borders with Croatia in the West, Bosnia and Herzegovina- in North-west, Serbia- in the northeast, partially recognized Republic of Kosovo- in the east and Albania southeast. Until June 2006, it was part of the confederate State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, occupying 13.5% of its total territory.
Climate in Montenegro depending on the relief, it changes from alpine in the mountains to Mediterranean subtropical on the coast. Summer near the sea is hot, long and rather dry, winter is short and wet. Sea water temperature during the swimming season, which lasts from late April to late October, + 20 + 26 ° С, average temperature air in summer + 28 ° С, in winter + 11.5 ° С. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, more than 3000 mm falls in places. In the northern regions of Montenegro, snow lies up to 5 months a year. The number of hours of sunshine per year: in Igalo - 2386, in Ulcinj - 2700.
The capital and largest city of Montenegro is Podgorica. The historical and cultural capital is the city Cetinje.
Airports:Tivat, Podgorica
Flight: from Moscow to Tivat airport flight duration is about 3 hours
Visa: Citizens Russian Federation allowed to stay in the country without a visa for up to 30 days.
Time: time zone +1, 2 hours behind Moscow time
Summer time starts - Sunday, 25 March 2012, 02:00 - local standard time
Daylight saving time ends - Sunday, 28 October 2012, 03:00 - local daylight saving time
Local population: population - 650,000 people: Montenegrins, Serbs, Albanians, Croats, Bosnians
Square: 13,812 sq. km;
Language: Montenegrin (Jekovian dialect of the Serbian language)
Religion: Orthodoxy, but many Catholics and Muslims
Currency: Euro (EURO)
Kitchen: local cuisine consists of three areas: fish, Italian and original Serbian cuisine. Fish dishes are quite expensive, but very tasty, high quality and fresh. Serbian cuisine consists mainly of meat dishes and vegetables. Montenegro produces quite good wine. The most famous brand is called Vranac. Strong local drinks include Krunak, Rakia and Shlivovica.
The cost of dishes without seafood is 8 - 15 euros, with seafood - 20 - 25 euros. Please note that the Russian idea of a portion is significantly different from the Montenegrin one. Restaurants serve really huge portions. One serving is enough for two people.
Infrastructure and entertainment: shops and supermarkets are open from 6:00 to 22:00, and some are open around the clock. Nightlife in bars and nightclubs continues until about 2 am. Noteworthy excursion programs in Montenegro, whose territory is rich in both places with amazing beautiful nature as well as historical and cultural monuments. There are Russian satellite channels in hotels and rooms. Banks are open from 8.00 to 13.00 and from 17.00 to 20.00 on weekdays.
Transport: between cities and within them there is a regular public transport. A very convenient means of transportation in Montenegro is a taxi. Compared to Moscow prices, Montenegrin taxi services are very cheap. It is possible to rent a car, but for this you must be over 21 years old and have a driving experience of more than 2 years. A deposit of 150-300 euros is usually left for the car. Rent daily from 35 euros per day.
Useful phones:
Country code: 381
Consulate General of Russia in Montenegro (Podgorica): 272460; 272450
Police: 92
Ambulance health care:
94
Fire protection: 93
Exact time: 95
Roadside assistance: 987
Post office-inquiry service: 988
Russian name - Montenegro, international - Montenegro comes from the toponym Crna Gora (black mountain).
The territory of the country can be divided into three parts: coast of the Adriatic Sea, a relatively flat central part of the country, on which two of its largest cities: Podgorica and Niksic, and mountain systems in the east of the country.
The continental coastline of Montenegro has a length of about 300 km. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km and crashes into land for 29.6 km. The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. Sea water temperature for seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 °C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
The longest rivers in Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km). Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout their entire length through the territory of Montenegro. The Bojana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; at the moment it is not navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The canyon of the Tara River, with a depth of about 1200 m, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. largest lake Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula - Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two-thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory Montenegro, one third - in the territory Albania. The second largest lake in Montenegro - Shass Lake(3.64 km?), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called "mountain eyes"), the total area of which is 3.89 km².
More than 41% of the country's area is forests and woodlands, 39.58% - pastures. Vegetable world Montenegro is diverse. The Republic of Montenegro is an "ecological state", under various environmental regimes is 8.1% of the territory, including national reserves Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora, Skadar Lake and Prokletje.
beach resorts
All resorts are located on the Adriatic coast. Most resort areas are concentrated in Budva Riviera. A little to the west - Bay of Kotor, one of the most beautiful places Montenegro.
The largest resorts are Budva, Kotor, Becici, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac. Budva is the capital of the administrative center of the same name. If we compare everything beach resorts Montenegro, this city will be out of competition. The beaches are sandy and pebbly. They have a blue flag that guarantees the quality of service. There are both paid and free beaches. Budva has its own architectural sights, but the nightlife of the city is more remarkable. Clubs, bars, restaurants, there is a great variety. Budva, more of a youth resort, with a bubbling and beautiful nightlife. Club parties here are compared with the largest clubs in Europe. And all this has its own, Slavic flavor.
Budva Riviera - is the largest tourist centre Montenegro, famous primarily for its luxurious sandy beaches, amazing Mediterranean architecture and a pretty lively nightlife. Concerts, discos, all kinds of shows are held in institutions not only in Budva, but also in all the surrounding cities of Budva, bars and restaurants receive guests almost all night, and the music does not stop almost all night.
Budva Riviera is one of the most popular resorts in Montenegro. This resort is located in the middle Adriatic coast Montenegro and consists of the city of Budva and its environs. The length of the Riviera about 35 km along the seashore, almost 15 of them are beaches, most of which are public. Along the entire coast of the Budva Riviera there are hotels of various levels, a variety of villas, apartments that are ready to receive tourists for any period. Many come here with their families, more than one year in a row. Most popular resorts Budva Riviera- Budva, Becici, Rafailovici, Przhno, Milocer, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac, Sutomore and Bar.
For many it is interesting Saint Nicholas Island, uninhabited, but often visited by tourists (5 minutes by boat from Budva, Becici, or Sveti Stefan). Part of this beach is given over to nudists. The most prestigious villages this region are Sveti Stefan and Milocer, whose beaches were once part of the territory of the palace of the Serbian kings.
Beach holidays on the Budva Riviera can be diversified interesting excursions inland and to neighboring cities, because Montenegro is a country with rich history and immense cultural heritage. Traveling around the country from Budva and its environs is all the more attractive because from this part of the coast two main roads lead to Podgorica, Cetinje, Petrovac and Skadar Lake - a unique natural site.
Kotor.A small town located on the coast of the Bay of Kotor. Nature here is striking in its majestic beauty. There are not as many beaches here as in Budva, and they are all pebbly. Kotor overshadows all other resorts in terms of the richness of its excursion program and the number of architectural monuments. In addition, here are the most inexpensive hotels in Montenegro, which have mainly four stars. In general, Kotor is a place for a quiet, contemplative holiday.
Djenovici – small town in the Bay of Kotor, near Herceg Novi. Here, away from noisy discos and bustle major cities, lovers of calm beach holiday will be able to fully enjoy the atmosphere of measured resort life. Staying in a comfortable villa or apartment "Smokva" 4 *, you can watch how time slowly moves in the rhythm of solar cycles, and waves roll on pebble beaches, obeying the eternal laws of tides. Along the coast stretches the promenade with numerous cafes and restaurants where you can taste dishes national cuisine Or just sit and have a cup of coffee. Do not miss the opportunity to order a dessert: traditional kolach will amaze you with a variety of toppings and a bright range of flavors.
Becici.A small town lying less than an hour's walk from Budva. It has excellent pebble beaches, marked by a number of international awards. Becici, quite modern resort town. There are a lot of new hotels, restaurants, cafes. Most of the beaches are equipped with sports fields. Both amateur and professional competitions are held regularly. beach views sports.
Saint StephenIt was originally a military fort that served as a defense against pirate attacks. Now, Saint Stephen is the most unusual hotel in Europe. The external architecture remained untouched, and the interior rooms were converted into luxurious rooms. Here you can rent the most expensive apartments in Montenegro.
Petrovac- another pebble beach coast. The city is surrounded by a dense array of thickets of olive trees ... Petrovac is a calm, not noisy resort. This is the perfect place for family vacation with kids. Like all hotels, Petrovac hotels are aimed at any tourist budget. You can move into a suite with four or five stars, or you can find an inexpensive but cozy hotel with two stars.
Ski resorts Kolasin– fashionable ski resort, which is located near the Biograd Biosphere Reserve, which guarantees the cleanest air and pristine nature. Kolasin is shrouded in an aura, almost home comfort. There is no place for youth fussiness and drive. In the vicinity of Kolasin, you can rent the most comfortable apartments. The ski slopes of Kolasin are quite modern and comfortable. Both beginners and experienced skiers can ski here. Equipment rental prices are the lowest in Europe. Zabljak is the center winter tourism. In addition to traditional ski slopes, mountaineering and hiking are developed here, and rafting on the Tara River annually attracts thousands of extreme people from all over the world. Hotels here for any wallet, from two to four stars. V Zabljak, you can rent the most comfortable villas in Montenegro.
Montenegro Hotels Most of the hotels are located near the beaches, which makes them so attractive to tourists. All Montenegrin hotels, even with two stars, offer a very decent service. Accommodation is very popular in villas and apartments. If you dream of daily sunbathing and evenings by the sea, your choice is, of course, separate house or apartments, Montenegro offers you a wide variety of comfortable and luxurious accommodation. Travel Company"Skarabey" offers affordable prices for the best apartments "Smokva" 4* in Djenovici, Montenegro. The attitude of Montenegrins towards Russians is expressed in a folk saying: "With the Russians, we are 300 million ...". Our compatriots are loved and respected here. There are no and cannot be language barriers - Russian and Montenegrin have several thousand similar words, and Russian is spoken quite well by most of the attendants.
