The Boeing 777 is the world's largest wide-body airliner, impressive not only for its size and comfort, but also technical specifications. It is equipped with two of the most powerful jet engines ever installed on passenger aircraft. This model is one of the most reliable aircraft in its class.
Development history
In 1978, having studied in detail the market and the wishes of air carriers, Boeing presents 3 fundamentally new developments:
- twin-engine model 757 with more economical fuel consumption (compared to the previous model 727);
- twin-engine long-haul 767 (as a competitor to the Airbus A300);
- model 777 with three engines (this aircraft challenged the models DC-10 and L-1011).
In the future, the first two models will debut with success, and the project 777 model will be postponed indefinitely.
In 1988, it became known about the next project, which was the Boeing 777 with 2 engines. Airlines are interested in this model. At the end of 1989, sales of a new twin-engine model started.
The design process for the Model 777 was guided by 8 guidelines major airlines peace. For the first time in its history, Boeing has used such an experience. The development process included a specially created working group, the first meeting of which was held in early 1990. The object of their discussion was a list of wishes and recommendations based on the needs and wishes of passengers. That is why the company recognized the model 777 as a liner, the development of which was based on the wishes of the consumer.
The presentation of the aircraft is presented in this video:
Aeroflot's Boeing 777 takes off in this video:
The springboard for the production of the aircraft was a huge plant in Everett, specially built in 1960 for the development of the 747 model.
The first customer of the novelty was United Airlines. This company has ordered 34 aircraft. The development of the model began in the early 1990s, and already in 1994 it made its first flight.
Technical features of the liner
The model has a number of distinctive characteristics:
- The Boeing 777 is the first commercial airliner in history to be designed entirely with the help of computer programs. There were no paper drawings in the process of its development, and everything was made using CATIA (3-dimensional design system). Thanks to the pre-assembly in the program, it was possible to avoid a lot of errors during the production period.
- The model holds the record among passenger airliners in terms of flight range - 21,601 km.
- The height of the aircraft is 18.5 m.
- Length - 74 m.
- Wingspan - 64.9 m.
- Cabin width - 5.87 m.
- The weight of the 777 model is 160 tons empty, and with passengers, fuel and luggage it reaches 300 tons.
- Average fuel consumption - 5000 liters per hour.
- The maximum possible speed is 950 km / h, cruising - 905 km / h.
- The aircraft is equipped with two powerful engines.
- Passenger capacity: from 305 to 550 people, taking into account the configuration of the cabin.
- The maximum flight altitude is 13,100 m.
- The maximum flight range is from 9.1 to 17.5 thousand km (depending on modification).
- The total number of toilets in the cabin is 7.
Interior Features
The interior of the aircraft is practical and stylish. The design is made in curved lines. The cabin has spacious luggage racks, indirect (global) lighting. Multimedia monitors are built into the backs of the seats, which will allow passengers to spend time with interest: watch a movie, listen to news from the cockpit.
Boeing 777 economy class 
Video review of Aeroflot's Boeing 777 interior:
Each company offers its own interior layout, as it largely depends on the preferences of the customer. The number of seats - from 4 in the business class to 10 in the budget segment.
Porthole dimensions - 380 by 250 mm. Due to the lowering shelves, the developers managed to achieve an increase in the gap above the heads. The carefully thought-out layout of the cabin makes it possible to quickly move the seats to achieve the desired configuration.
Boeing 777 cabin layout, best seats
The cabin of this model has a base extended by 10 m, which has a passenger capacity of up to 550 people.
1-5 business class rows
Most comfortable places. The chairs can be accommodated not only sitting, but also lying down. All the advantages of these places can be fully appreciated only in flight, their cost is fully justified, because comfort is what is especially important during long flights.
Unlike other classes, there is a rather large distance between seats - 1 m 60 cm. Passengers are offered the press, a varied menu.
When choosing a seat in business class, keep in mind that there is a toilet near DGHK 1: the sound of water flushing is clearly audible, so the passenger will be constantly distracted by extraneous sounds.
Many air carriers have a very thin partition between business class and economy class, but this does not apply to Aeroflot: this air carrier leaves a large distance between compartments, which helps to create conditions for optimal sound insulation.
6-11 row
This is the so-called comfort class, that is, intermediate between "business" and "economy", a novelty at Aeroflot. The distance between the seats here is slightly less than in business class. You can recline the seats 130 degrees. Each passenger has at his disposal a screen located in the back of the seat in front of him. With it, you can watch videos, listen to music. Passengers are also offered the latest press.
17-51 row
These seats are in the economy class. There is a distance of 81 cm between the chairs. This is the most popular and therefore the most spacious class.
In economy class, the seatbacks recline 105-100 degrees.
17, 24 and 38 row
They are privileged because they have a number of additional advantages: each of these seats will not be able to recline, and the passenger in them has such an opportunity. In addition, there is considerable legroom ahead - just like in business class.
The maximum comfort of these rows is called into question by one “but”: the close location of the bathroom. In view of this, a constant accumulation of people is possible here. Also distracts the sound of water. If you do not take into account these nuances, then these places are ideal for rest and sleep.
On some liners in rows 23, 36, 37, 50, 51 there is a possibility that the seat backs will be blocked due to the proximity to the toilet.
Seats 23A and 23K have only a small window located on the emergency exit door. The table and multimedia display are placed in the armrest.
It is forbidden to block the emergency passage with luggage or hand luggage. It is not allowed to accommodate the elderly, the disabled, children or animals.
At first glance it seems that these are the most uncomfortable places, but they have one significant advantage: there is a lot of legroom in front, since there is an emergency passage here. This is a great advantage, especially for those passengers who travel long distances.
Seats ABHK 47 rows
They are classified as places with additional amenities: they are located in the tail and have a large distance in front of the seats. Also, their advantage is the location by the window, which offers a gorgeous view. The rest of the budget places are no different.
To get acquainted with the interior of the aircraft and the view of the cabin from the inside, this demonstration video will allow:
Cockpit (cockpit)
The 777's cockpit has a clean layout similar to Boeing's predecessors. This is the company's first commercial aircraft to be equipped with a fully wired, program-based control system. It is equipped with a glass cabin. Has LCD displays from Honeywell.
The Cockpit is equipped with a fiber optic control system network, the first to be installed on a passenger aircraft. It was also decided to leave the control using the steering wheel. The system has a flight parameters protection function: it monitors that pilots do not go beyond the flight configuration, and also avoids dangerous maneuvers. If necessary, the system can be turned off.
In 2003, an updated cabin was introduced with the additional option of separate crew rest areas, which are located above the main cabin and have stairs. They have 2 armchairs and the same number of beds.
Features and differences of Boeing 777 modifications
| Model | Main characteristics |
| Boeing 777-200 | The first aircraft of the 777 line, which was intended for the US domestic market. A total of 88 such aircraft were produced. The first commercial operation was launched by United Airlines in 1995. |
| Boeing 777-200ER | Compared to the basic version, it has additional fuel tanks. It is characterized by increased takeoff weight. The main purpose is intercontinental flights. The range is 14260 km. The first copy was put into operation by British Airways in early February 1997. |
| Boeing 777-200LR | It has the status of an ultra-long liner. They made the longest flight without landing (the range was 17370 km). The development of the aircraft took place almost in parallel with the 777-300ER. Boeing 777-200LR has additional 3 tanks and increased takeoff weight. New features include redesigned wingtips, reinforced airframe and new landing gear. The model was first handed over to Pakistan International Airlines in 2006. |
| Boeing 777-300 | The length is 11 m longer than its predecessor. Thanks to this, it has the ability to carry 550 passengers in a mono-configuration. Compared to outdated models, it has a similar number of seats for transporting passengers and a range, but with all this, it consumes 30% less fuel. Operating costs are reduced by 40%. The increased length gave the developers a reason to create a ski under the tail of the aircraft to prevent hitting the ground during takeoff, and a camera for comfortable maneuvering. The maximum flight distance is 11,120 km. The first copy of this model was put into operation in 1998 by Cathay Pacific. |
| Boeing 777-300ER | It is considered a modified model with increased capacity and the highest takeoff weight. It has new main landing gear, additional fuel tanks. The empennage, wings and fuselage have been modified and significantly improved. Turbofan engines are the most powerful jet systems with a maximum thrust of 513 kN. The flight range with a maximum load has been increased by 34% compared to the previous model and is 14,690 km. In 2004, the first aircraft of this model was handed over to Air France. |
| Boeing 777 Freighter | This aircraft is designed to carry cargo. The maximum weight for transportation is almost 103 tons. The maximum flight range is 9043 km. |
| Boeing 777 (KC-777) | In the second half of 2006, the start of production of this tanker aircraft was announced. It could become a full-fledged replacement for the KS-767, which is in service with the US Air Force. The model exceeds the size of the KS-767, so it can deliver a large amount of cargo and personnel. But in 2007, instead of the specified model, the US Air Force proposed a modification of the KC-767 Advanced Tanker. |
| Boeing 777X | The development process of this model started in 2013, mass production has not yet begun, production is planned for 2020. It will be a large, but economical aircraft. Its passenger capacity will be 353 people. It will be longer than its predecessors. It is planned to increase aerodynamics, which will give an advantage over other models. |
Comparison of Boeing 777 with analogues
The Boeing 777-300 was released to replace the outdated 747 model. The first has an 11 m long base, which makes it possible to accommodate a maximum of 550 passengers - the same as in the previous model; flight range is also the same. But despite this, the Boeing 777-300 is a third more economical in fuel consumption and 40% cheaper in maintenance.
Boeing 777-200 has a strong competitor from Airbus is the A330-300 model. The distinguishing features include the maximum flight range of the first manufacturer: it is much higher and amounts to 14,300 km, while that of a competitor is 10,400 km. Boeing also has a higher maximum takeoff weight, it is 297,560 kg, while Airbus has this figure of 233,000 kg. The A330 model has a smaller cabin width: it is 5.28 m. The competitor has a slightly larger figure - 5.87 m.
Number of Boeing 777 aircraft in carriers' fleets
Aeroflot company:
- Boeing 777-300ER - 16 aircraft;
- Boeing 737-800 - 33 aircraft.
Nordwind Airlines has the following fleet:
- Boeing 777-200ER - 3 aircraft;
- Boeing 777-300ER - 2 airliners;
- Boeing 737-800 - 7 aircraft.
Emirates Airlines has at its disposal:
- Boeing 747-400 - 2 liners;
- Boeing 777-200 - 19 aircraft;
- Boeing 777-300 - 112 aircraft.
Supply table
| Year | Number of deliveries |
| 1990 | 28 |
| 1991 | 24 |
| 1992 | 30 |
| 1993 | 30 |
| 1994 | 0 |
| 1995 | 101 |
| 1996 | 68 |
| 1997 | 54 |
| 1998 | 68 |
| 1999 | 35 |
| 2000 | 116 |
| 2001 | 30 |
| 2002 | 32 |
| 2003 | 13 |
| 2004 | 42 |
| 2005 | 153 |
| 2006 | 77 |
| 2007 | 132 |
| 2008 | 40 |
| 2009 | 30 |
| 2010 | 40 |
| 2011 | 73 |
| Total amount | 1372 |
Price
The cost of the Boeing 777 depends on the modification of the aircraft: it can vary from $270 million to $330 million.
The Boeing 777 is an aircraft, the design of which was developed not only taking into account the interests of air carriers, but also based on the wishes of passengers. The total number of deliveries of the liner from 1990 to 2011 is 1372. Aircraft of this model are available in the fleets of the largest carriers in the world.
- a long-range wide-body aircraft, is one of the largest twin-engine airliners in the world. The Boeing Company considers this aircraft the most consumer-oriented in the world, since airlines and passengers took part in its creation.
History
In the early 1970s, demand for air travel was growing at a rapid pace and airlines were in dire need of large capacity aircraft. This is how the first generation of wide-body aircraft was born: the Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. In 1978, after careful market research and airline requests, Boeing introduced three new designs: the economical twin-engine 757 (designed to replace the venerable Boeing 727), the long-haul twin-engine 767 (to challenge the Airbus A300), and the tri-engine 777 concept (to compete with DC-10 and L-1011). As a result, the models 757 and 767 successfully debuted, and the 777 project was curtailed until better times due to lack of demand.
By the end of the 1980s, the market situation had changed, old aircraft were losing their relevance, and airlines needed new, more economical ones. At the same time, Boeing conducted studies that predicted further growth in demand for wide-body aircraft. Thus, there was an urgent need to have an aircraft that would be in a niche between the Boeing 767-300ER and the Boeing 747-400.
Competitors also did not relax. McDonnell Douglas was preparing to replace the DC-10 with its extended MD-11 modification. Airbus has been working on the A330 and A340 family of wide-body aircraft.
Boeing 777 development
Initially, Boeing planned to take the 767 as a basis and redesign it, resulting in the concept of the so-called 767-X. It was in many ways reminiscent of the 767, but had an elongated fuselage, increased wing area and could carry about 340 passengers over a distance of up to 13.5 thousand kilometers.
However, the airlines were unhappy. They wanted an aircraft capable of flying not only intercontinental but also shorter distances, with a cabin configuration similar to the Boeing 747, which, moreover, could be changed by adding or removing the required number of seats in the cabin of one class or another. Another necessary condition was the reduction in operating costs - they would have to be significantly lower than those of the Boeing 767. As a result, the original design was significantly redesigned.
In 1988, Boeing presented the twin-engine Boeing 777 project. Airlines showed interest in it, and sales of the aircraft began in December 1989.
The design process for the 777 differed significantly from Boeing's past experience. For the first time in the firm's history, eight major airlines (All Nippon Airways, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, Delta Air Lines, Japan Airlines, Qantas and United Airlines) were involved in the design of the aircraft, helping with recommendations. The process itself was the creation of a working group called "Working Together" ("Working Together"), the first meeting of which took place in January 1990. Airlines have created a list of recommendations based on their needs and passenger surveys.
In March 1990, the working group decided on the basic configuration of the aircraft: the cockpit should be unified with the Boeing 747, it should be equipped with liquid crystal displays and Fly-By-Wire control, the fuel efficiency of the aircraft should be 10% better than that of competitors (A330 and MD-11).
Further, Boeing admitted that thanks to this assistance, the 777 has become the most consumer-oriented aircraft in the world.
The production site for the Boeing 777 was the gigantic plant in Everett, Washington, the same one built in the mid-1960s to manufacture .
From interesting facts, also, it is worth noting that it became the first commercial airliner, 100% developed on computers. For all the time of its development, not a single paper drawing was released, everything was made using a three-dimensional design system, now known as CATIA. The aircraft was pre-assembled in a computer, which avoided a large number manufacturing errors.
On October 14, 1990, United Airlines became the first Boeing 777 customer. The airline placed an order for 34 aircraft (with an option for another 34 aircraft).
Production
The production process of the Boeing 777 involved an unprecedented number of subcontractors from around the world. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries supply the fuselage panels, Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd supply the wing center section, Hawker de Havilland supply the elevators, Aerospace Technologies of Australia supply the rudder, etc.
In terms of engines, three companies offered their services: General Electric, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce. Each of the manufacturers took on the development of an engine with a capacity of 77,000 pounds (340 kN) and above.
To start assembling the 777, Boeing had to nearly double the size of its plant in Everett. It cost the company nearly $1.5 billion. Two assembly lines were built in the new areas, which allow the aircraft fuselage to rotate 180 degrees.
Assembly of the first Boeing 777 began on January 4, 1993. By that time, the aircraft received 118 firm orders from 10 airlines. The total investment in the program amounted to more than 4 billion dollars.
First flight and certification
On April 9, 1994, the first Boeing 777 with serial number WA001 was rolled out of the hangar. More than 100,000 guests gathered to see the first copy.
The Boeing 777 first flew on June 12, 1994, with Boeing Chief Test Pilot John E. Cashman at the controls. After that, an 11-month aircraft test program began, which, in comparison with previous models, was supposed to be the most intense.
On April 19, 1995, the aircraft was certified by the Federal civil aviation USA (FAA).
The commercial operation of the aircraft began on May 15, 1995, when United Airlines took delivery of the first Boeing 777.
Around the same time, the airliner was certified under the ETOPS-180 rules (flight safety rules, according to which the route of a twin-engine aircraft must be laid within no more than 180 minutes of flight to the nearest airfield where one could make emergency landing in case of failure of one of the engines).
Production and modifications
Following the debut of the original model, Boeing began developing a version with increased takeoff weight and increased range. Initially, the model was given the name 777-200IGW (Increased Gross Weight - increased take-off weight), but later it was shortened to (Extended Range - increased range).
The Boeing 777-200ER made its first flight on October 7, 1996, and its commercial operation began on February 9, 1997 with the airline.
On April 2, 1997, a Boeing 777-200ER owned by Malaysia Airlines made a record non-stop flight from Seattle (USA) to Kuala Lampur (Malaysia), at a distance of 20,044 km, the flight lasted 21 hours and 23 minutes.
After the introduction of the 777-200ER, Boeing began developing an extended version. On October 16, 1997, he set off on his first flight. In general, before the appearance, 777-300 was the longest passenger aircraft in the world (total length - 73.9 m). Compared to the 777-200, the capacity has been increased by 20%. Commercial operation of the liner began on May 27, 1998 with Cathay Pacific.
On February 29, 2000, Boeing offered airlines the new 777-300ER, an aircraft with increased capacity and range. On February 24, 2003, the first flight took place, and its commercial operation began on April 29, 2004, in the airline.
The Boeing 777-300ER proved to be the best-selling model among all 777s, as it is comparable in its capabilities to four-engine aircraft, but requires lower operating costs.
February 15, 2005, Boeing introduced another long-range modification (Long Range). The first flight of this model took place on March 8, 2005. And on November 10, 2005, the plane set a world record (included in the Guinness Book of Records), flying 21.602 km non-stop from Hong Kong (China) to London (UK). Flight time - 22 hours 42 minutes.
On May 23, 2008, Boeing presented cargo version 777F (Freighter - "truck"), which was created on the basis of 777-200LR. The first flight of the aircraft took place on February 6, 2009. The first buyer of the aircraft was Air France, which began its commercial operation on February 19, 2009.
Further developments
The Boeing 777 has become the second largest aircraft in the Boeing lineup, after the flagship 747. Moreover, the 777 has become the company's most profitable airliner. In 2000, the profit from its sales reached about 400 million dollars. In 2004, the aircraft brought in more revenue than the 747 and 767 combined. In 2007, orders for the second generation Boeing 777 reached 350 units, and in the same year, Boeing announced that all production facilities for the creation of the liner were occupied until 2012. Undoubtedly, this is a great success, but it was not without problems. In 2008, the 777 production program fell far behind schedule, with losses estimated at around $95 billion. In 2010, Boeing announced plans to increase production capacity from 5 aircraft to 8 by 2013. For reference, each 777-300ER takes 49 days to build.
In 2009, Boeing closely followed their development of the A350 XWB, which promises to be more fuel efficient than the 777 and 787. Subsequently, the 777-300ER's aerodynamics and engines have been improved.
In September 2011, Boeing and General Electric released preliminary information about the next generation Boeing 777-8X and 777-9X. It is expected that the wingspan of the aircraft will increase from 64.8 meters to 71.3 meters. Thanks to the use of composite materials, the total weight of the aircraft should be reduced from 352,000 kg to 344,000 kg (for the 777-9X version).
Meanwhile, General Electric announced the development of a new GE9X engine. Its diameter will remain the same as the GE90-115B (325 cm), thrust will be 88,000 (390kH) for the 777-8X version, and 99,500 pounds (443 kH) for the 777-9X version.
Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney did not stand aside, which also offered their services. In particular, the new RB3025 engine based on the Trent 1000 and Trent XWB structure as well as the PW1000G have up to 100,000 lbs (440kH) of horsepower.
To date, Boeing continues to explore the capabilities of the aircraft, and is developing an ultra-long range version based on the 777-200LR, which has received the working name of 777-8LX. The range of this model is 17,560 km (compared to 17,400 for the 777-200LR). The estimated length of the aircraft fuselage is 76.5 m, and the capacity is about 407 passengers. According to preliminary data, the commissioning of the 777-8LX is scheduled for 2019.
In November 2011, the assembly of 1000 copies of the 777-300ER owned by Emirates airlines. Its presentation took place in March 2012.
At the end of 2011, the FAA gave the 777 and 787 aircraft an overall type rating (Type Rating), thanks to the unification of the cockpits, pilots can gain qualifications working on both models.
In the future, it is possible that the 777 aircraft can be replaced by a new family of Boeing Yellowstone 3 liners, which is based on Boeing 787 technologies.
Aircraft systems
In the 777 project, Boeing introduced a series advanced technologies, including: a fully digital fly-by-wire control system, fully programmable avionics, a glass cockpit (Glass Cockpit) with Honeywell liquid crystal displays, an avionics fiber optic network (which was carried out on a commercial aircraft for the first time). At the same time, Boeing used already known developments from the canceled project of the Boeing 7J7 regional aircraft, which had a similar level of technology.
The Boeing 777 wing has a supercritical airfoil optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.83 (updated to Mach 0.84 after testing). The wing structure has a greater thickness and span than previous aircraft, which has increased the range and payload, improve flight performance and increase the cruising altitude. At the start of the 777 project, it was proposed to develop a folding wing (Folding wingtips) so that airlines could use hangars for small aircraft, but no airline agreed to this option.
The Boeing 777 also has the largest landing gear and largest tires ever used in a commercial jetliner. Each tire in the 777-300ER's six-wheel main landing gear can carry a load of 27 tons, more than the tire load of a Boeing 747-400 aircraft.
The aircraft has three redundant hydraulic systems, of which only one is needed for landing.
An emergency aircraft turbine is located in the wing fairing under the fuselage - a small propeller that extends from the aircraft when emergency situations to ensure minimum power supply.
fly-by-wire
The Boeing 777 is the first aircraft in the company's history to be equipped with a fly-by-wire control system. However, for the convenience of the pilots, it was decided to leave the usual steering columns. Along with the traditional steering wheel control system, the cockpit has a simplified layout that retains similarities with previous Boeing models.
The fly-by-wire control system is also equipped with flight parameter protection, which ensures that pilot movements on the control sticks do not exceed the set flight configuration limits. Also, the system prevents dangerous maneuvers. True, in case of emergency, the system can be turned off at the command of the pilot, if it is deemed necessary.
Salon
The cabin of the Boeing 777, designed in the style of the Boeing Signature Interior, has enlarged luggage racks and indirect lighting. Seat configuration ranges from 4 in a row of first class to 10 in economy class. The 380x250mm window size was the largest of any commercial airliner until the introduction of the 787. The cabin layout allows airlines to quickly move seats, kitchens, and lavatories to suit their desired configuration. Some aircraft are equipped with VIP lounges for charter flights. Of the features, the development of Boeing engineers deserves special attention - a new hydraulic hinge of the toilet lid, which closes slowly.
On July 7, 2011, it was reported that Boeing had decided to replace the Signature Interior in the 777 with a new interior from the 787, as part of Boeing's all-aircraft unification program.
Comfortable working conditions for the crew
In 2003, as an option for the 777, Boeing introduced crew rest areas. They are located above the main cabin and are equipped with ladders. Seating consists of two seats and two beds in the front of the fuselage, as well as several seats in the rear of the fuselage. In general, similar solutions are also used on other narrow- and wide-body Boeing models, including, and new modifications.
Boeing 777 in all modifications is a long-haul airliner capable of serving non-stop commercial flights up to 18 hours. However, the rules of various aviation regulators, professional and trade union organizations limit the time continuous work crew and flight attendants. For the rest of pilots, seats are usually reserved in business class or special containers are installed in luggage compartment equipped with berths and communication with the cockpit and cabin of the aircraft. Unfortunately, such solutions reduce the passenger capacity or the volume of cargo carried. Therefore, Boeing proposed an original solution - to use the space between the luggage racks and the fuselage for this purpose (English-speaking engineers call this part of the aircraft the “crown”).
On Boeing 777-200ER, −200LR and −300ER aircraft, a pilot rest compartment is installed in the front of the aircraft above the first class cabin. It includes two comfortable armchairs, 2 or 3 beds separated by partitions, a wardrobe, a TV set and a washbasin. The entrance to this compartment is via the stairs located at the door number 1 (front left door). This solution allows you to free up from 4 to 7 seats in business class.
Places for rest of flight attendants are also equipped in the space between the passenger compartment and the fuselage, but in the rear of the aircraft. On modifications -200ER and -200LR, the entrance is via a staircase in the central part of the aircraft, and the compartment itself is designed for 6 or 7 flight attendants. In the −300ER modification, the airline can order a compartment with a capacity of 6 to 10 people. Entrance, depending on the number of seats, is carried out through the door, either in the central part of the aircraft (6-7 seats) or in the tail (8-10 seats). The compartment is equipped with berths, lighting and communication with the salon.
The installation of crew rest areas required a reconfiguration of the cabin space, rerouting of cables and lines, and even the development of some new systems.
In the 777F cargo modification, the entire internal space of the fuselage is completely occupied by cargo compartments, so 4-5 comfortable seats are provided behind the cockpit for crew rest and couriers.
Boeing 777 modifications
777-200
Boeing 777-200 - became the first aircraft in the 777 family. Basically, this modification was focused on US airlines. Throughout history, 88 777-200s have been produced. Commercial operation of the liner began with United Airlines on May 15, 1995. The aircraft's main competitor is the Airbus A330-300.
777-200ER
The Boeing 777-200ER, compared to the basic modification, has additional fuel tanks, as well as increased takeoff weight. The main purpose of the aircraft is transatlantic flights. The maximum flight range is 14,260 km.
The first 777-200ER was handed over to British Airways on 6 February 1997. The main competitor of the liner is the Airbus A330-300.
777-200LR
The Boeing 777-200LR is the longest-range aircraft on the planet. Boeing called this model the "Worldliner," referring to the airliner's ability to connect virtually any two airports. The modification set a world record for the longest non-stop flight among commercial airliners. Flight range - 17.370 km. In a word, the modification is designed for extra-long flights.
The aircraft was developed almost simultaneously with the 777-300ER. The Boeing 777-200LR has an increased maximum takeoff weight and three additional fuel tanks in the rear luggage compartment. Other distinguishing features are new wingtips, new undercarriage legs and a reinforced airframe. The first 777-200LR was handed over to Pakistan International Airlines on 26 February 2006. The main competitor of the liner is.
Boeing 777-300 - is a modification extended by 11 meters. Thanks to this, the aircraft is able to accommodate up to 550 passengers in a single-class configuration. Initially, it was intended to replace the obsolete Boeing 747-100. Compared to the older 747, the 777-300 has a similar passenger capacity and range, but consumes a third less fuel and has 40% lower operating costs.
The long length of the 777-300 forced the developers to provide a special ski under the tail to protect it from hitting the ground, as well as cameras for easy maneuvering on the platform. The maximum flight range is 11,120 km, which makes it possible to serve heavily loaded routes, which were previously handled only by the Boeing 747.
The first 777-300 was handed over to Cathay Pacific on May 21, 1998. By and large, among Airbus aircraft there is no competitor for the 777-300, however, it is usually called.
777-300ER
Boeing 777-300ER is a modification with increased maximum takeoff weight and capacity. The aircraft has extended wingtips, new main landing gear, a reinforced nose strut and additional fuel tanks. Also, in the 777-300ER, the fuselage, wings, plumage and engine pylons were redesigned. Standard on this model, the GE90-115B turbofan engines are by far the most powerful jet engines in the world, with a maximum thrust of 513 kN.
The range of the 777-300ER fully loaded is increased by approximately 34% compared to the 777-300. The maximum flight range of the Boeing 777-300ER is 14,690 km.
The first 777-300ER was transferred airlines Air France April 29, 2004. The main competitor is the Airbus A340-600. However, due to the two engines, the 777-300ER is 8-9% more economical than the A340-600, which has 4 engines. Compared to the 747-400, the 777-300ER has 20% less fuel consumption.
Boeing 777F - cargo modification. The aircraft inherited the airframe and engines from the 777-200LR modification, and the fuel capacity was the same as that of the 777-300ER modification. The maximum payload of 103t makes the 777F a direct competitor to the 747-200F (110t). With maximum load, the aircraft has a range of 9047 km. With a decrease in load, the range can be increased. Since the aircraft has better performance characteristics than existing cargo aircraft, airlines plan to replace the obsolete 747-200F and MD-11F with the 777F modification.
The Boeing 777 is a long-range twin-engine airliner with a wide body. The aircraft has more than three hundred passenger seats and, depending on the modification, it can fly over a distance of 9695 kilometers to 21560 kilometers. His characteristic feature is the presence of jet engines with the largest diameter in the world. It's about 3.5 meters. Prior to the construction of the aircraft, consultations were held with eight leading air carriers. The first meeting of the group took place in January 1990. It includes such airlines as: Japan Airlines, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, Delta Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Qantas United Airlines.
Boeing 777 photo
The Boeing 777 was designed to replace the previous generation of wide-body aircraft, and also to fill the gap between the Boeing 767 and Boeing 747 models. It is one of the first aircraft from the Boeing aircraft manufacturer to be equipped with a Fly by Wire digital control system. It is also the first commercial aircraft for passenger traffic developed with the help of computer technology. Individual components of the aircraft were developed using 3D CAD CATIA software developed by IBM and Dassault Systemes.
On October 14, 1990, United Airlines placed its first order for 34 Boeing 777s worth $11 billion. On January 4, 1993, the first "triple sevens" began to be produced. And on April 9, 1994, the first Boeing 777 was produced with serial number WA001. The first flight took place on June 12 of the same year. Test flights were carried out for the next eleven months. Nine aircraft were tested in different climatic conditions from the arid deserts of Edwards Air Force Base in California to the cold of Alaska. On April 19, 1995, after passing all tests, the Boeing 777 received a certificate of airworthiness from the Federal Flight Administration (FAA) and from the Joint Aviation Administration (JAA).
Boeing 777 interior photo
The Boeing 777 is available in two lengths. The base model 777-200, which is 63.7 meters long, entered service with United Airlines in 1995. After two years, a model with an extended flight radius was released - 777-200ER (Extended Range). For the first time this model entered service with British Airways. The second version of the Boeing 777 is the 777-300. It is 10.1 meters longer than the 777-200 model and can accommodate up to 550 passenger seats. This version has been flying since 1998.
Boeing 777 interior layout
In 2004, a version was released - 777-300ER. This version allowed longer flights than the 777-300. And in 2006, the airline downgraded the Boeing 777-200LR (Longer Range). At this time, he became a passenger liner with the longest range. This model was called "Worldliner". And since 2009, the cargo Boeing 777F (Freighter) began to fly. Models 777F, 777-300ER and 777-200LR are equipped with General Electric GE90-115B engines. Also, to reduce fuel consumption, the curved wingtips have become slightly larger. All other models are equipped with GE90, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent-800 engines. The cockpit is equipped with multifunctional Honeywell LCD screens. The wings are angled at 31.6 degrees for an optimum cruising speed of Mach 0.83. Each 777-300ER tire from the main landing gear can carry a load of almost 27 tons. There is also a modification for the Air Force. This is a KS-777 model used as an air tanker.
After 2000, the Boeing 777 became the best-selling model of the eponymous manufacturer. The most common variant purchased by airlines is the 777-200ER.
Features Boeing 777-300ER (777-200ER) :
- Length: 73.9 m (63.7 m)
- Height: 18.7 m.
- Wingspan: 64.81 m.
- Empty weight: 166881 kg. (142900 kg.)
- Cruise speed: 910 km/h
- Maximum speed: 955 km/h
- Flight range: 10200 km. (10745 km.)
- Fuselage diameter: 6.20 m.
- Ceiling: 13100 m.
- Number of passenger seats: 301-550 seats.
- Crew: 2 people
Boeing 777. Gallery.
Boeing 777 was created for long-distance routes with a solid passenger capacity. It holds the leading position in the world as the largest twin-engine wide-body aircraft. It was the Boeing 777 that set the flight range record among all existing passenger liners - 21,601 km.
Boeing 777 modifications
To date, 6 operating modifications of the aircraft are in operation and 2 are in development.
- Model 777-200 was originally produced for US carriers. This is the minimum range version for the Boeing 777 family. Now out of production,
- 777-200ER - extended range modification for international airlines.
- 777-200LR - has the longest flight range among all the liners of the family. An absolute record was shown on this plane. It can operate a flight without refueling between almost any airport in the world that can accept the liner.
- 777-300 - has a stretched fuselage. With a one-class cabin layout, it can accommodate up to 550 passengers, which has increased its popularity with Japanese airlines, where routes are busy.
- The 777-300ER, an extended range version with the most powerful jet engines in the world, is the best-selling Boeing 777 model.
- 777 Freighter - cargo model of the liner. The excellent operational characteristics of the aircraft - high carrying capacity (103 tons), ease of maintenance, economical fuel consumption made it in demand in the freight transportation market.
Passenger cabin plan
Among the various layout options for the interior, the most popular is the three-class. The capacity of various models ranges from 301 (three classes) to 550 (one class). With a three-class cabin plan, passengers are accommodated in the compartments:
- Business Class;
- comfort class;
- Economy class.
The interior design of the cabin uses few right angles, mostly smooth, rounded lines. Spacious shelves above the seats hand luggage, illumination soft, lateral. Before the advent of the Dreamliner, the Boeing 777 had the largest windows. Airlines can, at will, quickly change the configuration of the cabin, move bathrooms, armchairs, kitchens. The toilet uses the original design of the toilet lid - with the help of a hydraulic hinge, it closes slowly.
Interesting! For the first time in 2003, on the Boeing 777, separate places (beds and armchairs) were equipped for the crew to rest. They are located above the main cabin, equipped with ladders. Some of the beds were installed in the tail. Now they are equipped with other Boeing models.
Business Class
In the business class, the seating arrangement can be of several types, more often it is 2-2-2. In total, there are from two to five rows.
The kitchen and toilets are located in the bow, an additional kitchen unit and bathrooms are located behind the last row.
Business class features:
- wide comfortable chairs, transforming into beds as needed;
- first-class service with a choice of an individual menu;
- liquid crystal monitors for video entertainment.
All seats in business class are considered comfortable, it all depends on the personal inclinations of the passengers.
Comfort class
In the comfort class, the seats have a 2-4-2 layout. Department characteristics:
- the seats are wider and more comfortable than in the economy class, the distance between the rows is also much larger;
- when unfolding the backrest, the seat moves forward somewhat, which does not cause discomfort to the passenger sitting behind;
- places are equipped with individual monitors and large tables;
- passengers are provided with an improved menu.
In total, the “comfort” class occupies 5 rows. inconvenient places the seats of the first row of this department can be partly recognized, as they are located immediately behind the business class toilet.
Important! Comfort class passengers do not have their own bathroom and use the toilet in economy class.
Economy class
In the economy class, the most cramped conditions, but there is enough personal space, according to standards. The seats are arranged according to the scheme 3-4-3, and in the tail section, where the fuselage tapers, 2-4-2.
The interior space is divided into 3 parts by emergency exits. There are also restrooms here. Kitchen block at the end of the cabin and in the area of the second emergency exit.
The best places are chairs just behind the emergency exits due to the increased space in front. By numbering, this can be - 17, 24 and 38 row (to be specified with the air carrier). But these same seats are located right behind the toilets, which not everyone will like.
Seats in the rows in front of the toilets will also be hectic. This is the 23rd, 36, 37, 50, 51 row.
Passengers flying in pairs may like twin seats at the rear of the aircraft.
Design features
Features of the structural units of the liner, its design and manufacture:
- How many engines does a Boeing 777 have to lift such a huge machine into the air? Like the vast majority of modern jet aircraft - two, but the largest and most powerful in the history of aircraft construction. The diameter of one of the engines installed on the liner, GE90-115B, is only 0.3 m less than the width of the Boeing 737 cabin.
- The huge dimensions of the aircraft should determine how much the Boeing weighs. In fact, its weight is much lower than it might seem, thanks to the use of composite materials. Of these, aerodynamic fairings, the main beams of the cabin floor for passengers, and elevators are made - 9% of all parts.
- The wings of the aircraft are wider and thicker than those of other liners, their design is optimized for cruising speed. This contributed to an increase in range, flight altitude.
- The landing gear consists of six wheels with powerful struts, which distinguishes the Boeing 777 from other aircraft. One tire carries a 27-ton load.
- The liner has three hydraulic systems that back up each other, while one must be used during landing.
- To provide emergency power under the fuselage, there is a retractable wind turbine.
- The spacious cockpit for pilots has a simple design, equipped with an electronic fly-by-wire control system, but it was decided to leave the traditional steering wheels. Avionics is fully programmable. Fiber optic cables for avionics were used for the first time on a passenger aircraft.
Specifications
Liners with basic fuselage length:
Extended versions:
History of creation
The first work on the creation of the Boeing 777 began in the 70s of the last century. As planned by the company's engineers, it was necessary to update several manufactured models at once and supplement them with new ones. These were twin engine versions of the 757, 767 and the new 777.
Interesting! Initially, the Boeing 777 was designed as a three-engine, but the developers encountered difficulties with the design of the tail section, and the project was frozen indefinitely.
The development of projects 757 and 767 was successfully completed. And then it turned out that the company's line of aircraft lacks a long-haul aircraft capable of transcontinental transportation of a large number of passengers. The company was also prompted to unfreeze the project by the work of the Airbus aviation concern on the creation of the Airbus A330, which would occupy the free market segment.
At first, the engineers planned not to create a new family, but to develop a new modification of the Boeing 767, which was given the name 767-X. There it was planned to lengthen the fuselage, increase the wings. According to the project, the new liner was designed for 340 passenger seats with a flight range of 13,500 km.
This concept did not find understanding among the airlines. They wanted to have a salon with an easily changing configuration. Another condition was the reduction of operating costs. As a result of a significant change in the design, the new Boeing 777 was introduced.
Interesting! For the first time in history, the development of a new airliner was carried out in close contact with representatives of air carriers and passengers. Never before has the opinion of consumers at the design stage been decisive.
1990 - the beginning of work on the creation of the Boeing 777, and after 5 years the liner went on its first commercial flight.
In 2013, the airline began to develop new models of aircraft of the family - 777-8X, 777-9X.
Place of production
The Boeing 777 is manufactured at its main facility in Seattle, Washington. This plant is located in Everett, near Seattle. There is an assembly plant, and components are supplied from almost all US states. In total, more than 600 suppliers from different countries are involved in the manufacture of the aircraft.
Interesting! There is no indoor facility in the world larger than the Boeing facility in Seattle. The total length of its facade is 4 km.
It takes about four months from the start of assembly to the dispatch of the finished liner.
Operating companies
A total of 40 airlines operate the Boeing 777. The largest number of aircraft belongs to Emirates (United United Arab Emirates), Air France (France), Singapore Airlines (Singapore), United Airlines (USA).
The cost of different models
Now the production of models 777-200 and 777-300 has already been discontinued. For other modifications, the current cost is given as a base, but it may vary depending on the configuration.
Development prospects
The airline promises to introduce new modifications of the Boeing 777X by 2020, although some technical data of the liners are known:
- It is assumed that the last member of the family will be the largest aircraft in the world. At the same time, fuel consumption will be reduced.
- The contract for the supply of engines was concluded with General Electric. The fan diameter will be 3.35 m. Larger jet engines are not produced in the world. Blades made of composite materials will reduce the overall load on the engine, extending its life.
- Wings will be made of composite materials. Based on the developments during the creation of the Dreamliner.
- The design of the wing is being changed in order to improve aerodynamic qualities.
As of autumn 2017, more than 1,500 Boeing 777 units have already been sold, but competition with Airbus forces continuous improvements and changes in aircraft modifications. The liners have gained a high reputation among airlines and passengers, and new developments should provide an advantage over other aircraft of this class.
Watch a video about the Boeing 777 - the best airliner of the 20th century.
- a family of wide-body passenger aircraft for long haul airlines. Aircraft of the family are among the largest passenger aircraft.
The Boeing 777 is a twin-engine turbojet low-wing swept-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.
It is the first aircraft to be completely designed without paper drawings, but only using 3D computer graphics.
Ukrainian security forces confirm the fact of the crash of the Malaysian BoeingAlmost 300 people died in the crash of a plane flying from Amsterdam to Malaysia near the city of Shakhtersk, Donetsk region. This was announced by Advisor to the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine Anton Gerashchenko on his Facebook page.The first Boeing 777-200s entered service with United Airlines in 1995. Later, extended-range versions of the Boeing 777-200ER (extended range) and Boeing 777-200LR (longer-range) were also released.
In 1998, the Boeing 777-300 aircraft entered the air lines of Cathay Pacific Airways, differing from the previous model in an elongated fuselage and increased passenger capacity. Since 2004, a longer-range version of the Boeing 777-300ER has also been produced.
Based on the Boeing 777-200LR Worldliner aircraft, a cargo modification of the Boeing 777 Freighter has been developed and is being produced.
Currently, the Boeing Corporation is developing an upgraded version of the aircraft under the symbol Boeing 777X, which will be equipped with new engines and a composite wing.
The Boeing 777-200 is an aircraft for carrying 300-400 passengers over a distance of up to 6,000 kilometers (basic version), 11,000 kilometers (777-200ER) and 14,000 kilometers (777-200LR).
Boeing 777-300 (Boeing-777-300) - version with an extended fuselage, accommodating up to 450 passengers, flight range from 7 thousand to 10 thousand kilometers (in the 777-300ER version).
The cockpit is equipped with an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) system. The data of the EFB system, necessary for pilots to control the aircraft, has been transferred to electronic form, which makes it easier to work with them.
In addition to the Electronic Flight Bag system, a number of solutions have been introduced on board the Boeing 777 to improve passenger comfort. In particular, the cabin is equipped with a video system with screens built into the backs of the seats, and the seats in the business class cabin have reclining ergonomic backs.
The aircraft is equipped with the Matsushita System 3000i, which provides storage for more than 300 hours of video and audio recording, played back at the request of passengers.
An important advantage of the Boeing 777 compared to other modern airliners is the use of a variety of light but strong alloys and composite materials in its design. Passenger cabin floor beams, aerodynamic fairings and other parts are made of composite materials. The total share of composite materials in the total weight of the entire aircraft structure is nine percent. Thus, the weight of the aircraft and the cost of its production are significantly reduced.
Boeing 777s are part of the fleets of the world's largest airlines, including British Airways, Air France, Alitalia, Lauda Air and El Al.
Flight performance for modification Boeing 777-200ER:
Wingspan - 60.93 m
Aircraft length - 63.73 m
Aircraft height - 18.52 m
Wing area - 427.80 sq. m
Weight, empty equipped aircraft - 135870 kg Weight, maximum takeoff - 262470 kg Engine type - 2 Pratt Whitney PW4073A turbofan engines Thrust - 2 x 33600 kgf Maximum speed - 965 km / h Cruise speed - 905 km / h Practical range - 8910 km
Service ceiling - 13100 m Crew - 2 people Payload - 305-328 passengers in a cabin of three classes, 375-400 passengers in a cabin of two classes or 440 passengers in an economy class.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
